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Biomedical subjects

J Hat

Publications and source records attributed to J Hat.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Tocolysis with ritodrine worsens cerebral oedema in a patient with brain injury.

In a 33-weeks pregnant patient with a head injury, neurological status severely deteriorated after introduction of tocolytic treatment with ritodrine. On admission to the intensive care unit she scored 10 points on the Glasgow coma scale. She gradually recovered and on day 7 there was no neurological deficit, apart from slight confusion. The same day tocolytic treatment with ritodrine was recommended because of imminent premature labour. Fourteen hours after ritodrine infusion was started, the neurological status deteriorated severely. Urgent CT scan showed signs of transtentorial herniation. Ritodrine infusion was stopped and therapy for brain oedema was introduced. The patient made a good neurological recovery. A caesarean section was performed on day 11, because of placenta praevia, and a healthy girl was delivered. The patient was discharged without neurological sequelae. The clinical course and CT findings imply that tocolytic treatment with ritodrine can worsen brain oedema in a patient with a disrupted blood-brain barrier, as in head injury. The mechanism is probably analogous to the one by which ritodrine causes pulmonary oedema, a well-known complication.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Relation of the ethmoidal cells to the floor of the anterior cranial fossa.

The shape of the anterior part of the anterior cranial fossa undergoes important changes in the postnatal life depending on the degree of pneumatisation of the ethmoid labyrinth and/or the frontal sinus. There exist three possibilities in these relations: 1) From the newborn period up to 9 years of age, in the majority of the cases the cribrous plate is situated at the level of the roof of the ethmoid labyrinth with the width of the ethmoid incisure corresponding to the width of the cribrous plate. 2) In the period from 9-35 years of age, in the majority of cases, the ethmoidal cells are partly or completely incorporated into the floor of the anterior cranial fossa with the width of the ethmoid incisure corresponding to the number of cells forming the floor of the anterior cranial fossa. 3) In the period from 35-80 years of age, the cribrous lamina is in the majority of cases lowered due to the intensive development of the frontal sinus. The medial wall of the ethmoid labyrinth consists of a thin bony strip, the width of which depends upon the degree of lowering of the cribrous plate. Adequate CT imaging may clarify the situation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Capsaicin significantly reduces sinonasal polyps.

Some reports indicate that topical nasal treatment with capsaicin, which is usually effective in reducing symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis, may also reduce symptoms in patients with nasal polyps. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of topical capsaicin treatment in severe sinonasal polyposis. Nine non-allergic, non-asthmatic patients with diffuse eosinophilic nasal polyposis were subjected to topical capsaicin treatment: for 3 consecutive days 0.5 ml 30 micromol/l capsaicin solution and on days 4 and 5 100 micromol/l capsaicin solution was sprayed into each nostril. Coronary computed tomography (CT) images were made shortly before treatment. Baseline nasal lavages and a questionnaire containing subjective symptoms and nasal endosocpy were taken just prior to the first application. Nasal lavages were performed prior to and after the last treatment and over 4 weeks, endoscopy and subjective scores at each weekly visit, and correspondent CT scans 4 weeks after the treatment. CT images were analysed by computer, calculating the nose sinuses air volume (NSAV) from the surface of aerated parts of nasal and sinus cavities for each slice per patient prior to and after treatment. Statistical analysis was performed comparing NSAV, subjective scores, endoscopy scores and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels in nasal lavages prior to and after treatment. Topical treatment with capsaicin significantly increased NSAV and very significantly improved subjective and endoscopy scores, but did not significantly alter ECP levels in nasal lavages.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1999

Computed tomographic imaging to determine the frequency of anatomical variations in pneumatization of the ethmoid bone.

The present study was performed on axial and coronal CT scans of 212 patients. Scans were analyzed by an anatomist and a radiologist for the presence of Haller's cells, agger nasi cells, Onodi's cells and pneumatized crista galli. Results demonstrated the presence of Haller's cells in 21.2%, Onodi's cells in 10.4% and pneumatized crista galli in 2.4% of patients. A pneumatized anterior clinoid process was found in 0.5% of the patients. The data obtained in our study were compared with those reported in other anatomic and radiologic studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Mandibular neuralgia due to anatomical variations.

In our large collection of macerated human adult skulls and disarticulated skulls of young individuals we found cases with an extremely large lateral lamina of the pterygoid process. The medial wall of the infratemporal fossa was defined as its formation by the lateral lamina of the pterygoid process and the medial pterygoid muscle. The muscular part formed two-thirds and the lateral lamina one-third of this wall. In cases of a very large lateral lamina in our specimens nearly the whole medial wall was osseous. The third portion of the trigeminal nerve gives off the lingual nerve and alveolar mandibular nerve in the region of the infratemporal fossa. These two nerves generally passed between the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles to their terminal sites. In cases of extremely large lateral laminae the nerves had to make a curve in their course, following the shape of the enlarged lamina. During contraction of the pterygoid muscles both nerves can be compressed. Since the lingual nerve runs between muscular elements, tension and compression is probably avoided. In contrast, the mandibular nerve fixed between the oval and mandibular foramina cannot avoid tension and compression. The result is possible pain, especially during chewing, and may finally create a trigeminal neuralgia. Similar symptoms could be provoked by a foramen pterygospinale or ovalis canal replacing the foramen ovale.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The frontal sinus and the ethmoidal labyrinth.

In the "standard" anatomic description, the frontal bone and cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone form the base of the anterior cranial fossa. We studied the development of the ethmoidal bone as well as its relations to the frontal bone in macerated disarticulated skull bones and macerated skull bases of 35 individuals between 9 and 35 years of age. In 19 cases the ethmoidal cells were completely or partly uncovered by the frontal bone. In 6 of 19 cases the frontal bone did not cover any of the ethmoidal cells; in 10 further cases the frontal bone covered only the anterior and in 3 cases the anterior and middle ethmoidal cells. In a 60-year-old subject the ethmoidal cells were incorporated in the base of the anterior cranial fossa, a rare finding. Thus, a depressed lamina cribrosa is not the only danger in ethmoidectomy. Based on the present data ethmoidal cells uncovered by the frontal bone may involve a serious risk during ethmoidectomy even if the surgeon remains lateral to the insertion of the middle concha. The discrepancy between common descriptions of this region and our own findings may be related to imprecise data concerning the life stage of the cases described in the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Variations of the ethmoid labyrinth and sphenoid sinus and CT imaging.

Three hundred macerated and partly isolated postmortem mid-facial bones were studied for the development, variations and dimensions of the structures of the nasal cavity. On 184 axial CT scans of bones (102 male, 82 female) from patients ranging in age from 1 to 90 years old, the dimensions of the ethmoid labyrinth and sphenoid sinus were studied in detail in order to determine which anatomic situation might be unsafe during clinical endoscopic interventions. Six anatomic variations were identified. Most unsafe for surgery seemed to be the following types: type III, in which the anterior diameter of the ethmoid labyrinth was large and the posterior ethmoid and sphenoid diameters were relatively narrow; type V, in which both ethmoid dimensions were large and the sphenoid diameter was narrow: type VI, in which the ethmoid labyrinth had an "hour-glass" shape. Present findings indicate that CT orientation before any endoscopic intervention might help to avoid serious complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Does the alveolar process of the maxilla always disappear after tooth loss?].

The existence of the alveolar process depends on the development of teeth. In edentulous maxillae, the alveolar process disappears in general in the region of incisives, canines and eventually premolars, but it persists in over 80% of cases in the region of molars. The persistence of the alveolar process correlates with the pneumatisation of the alveolar process by the alveolar recess of the maxillary sinus. The sinus may invade the whole alveolar process or only part of it so that in its lower part a thicker bone layer persists. Very rarely the alveolar process disappears completely with the loss of teeth. The deepest recess of the maxillary sinus corresponds to the level of the zygomatic process i.e. to the region of the first and second molar teeth.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pneumatization of the middle nasal turbinate: a CT study].

Anatomic variations of the middle turbinate may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory processes of the paranasal sinuses. A detailed analysis of coronal and axial plane CT scans of the paranasal sinuses obtained from 120 patients was performed. Paradoxical curve of the middle concha was detected in 24.2% of patients. Pneumatized middle turbinate was found in 42.5% and "true" concha bullosa in 8.3% of patients. Bilateral concha bullosa was found in 1.7% of patients.

Adolescent↗