PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Hawthorne

Publications and source records attributed to J Hawthorne.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Harm reduction: a realistic approach toward injection drug users.

The injection use of illicit drugs is a major mode of HIV transmission in the heterosexual population. Indeed, because HIV is transmitted from injection drug users to their sexual partners and their children, there is widespread acknowledgement that controlling HIV infection in the general community may depend on controlling it in injection drug users. Unfortunately, a moralistic attitude toward illicit drugs and their users all too often deters health professionals from taking preventive action. This impractical attitude holds that stopping illicit drug use is the only answer. In today's age of AIDS, it's a dangerously simplistic stance.

HIV Infections↗
PubMed1989

The professional practice climate and peer review.

Peer review, a mechanism of professional self-regulation, should not be viewed in isolation. It is one element of a professional practice climate and is interrelated to primary nursing, evaluation of patient outcomes, quality assurance, and self-governance. Much has been written about peer review but little of it describes how staff nurses and administrators can collaborate to operationalize the concept. The peer review system described represents the efforts of one unit's nursing staff at University Hospitals of Cleveland.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

The Nottingham orthogeriatric unit after 1000 admissions.

Four years experience in the use of a new orthogeriatric unit run jointly by the orthopaedic Trauma service and the Department of Health Care of the Elderly is presented. There were over 1000 admissions during this period. The Unit was opened in 1978 and was established to meet the increasing problems stemming from fractures of the proximal femur in elderly women. During the ten-year period from 1971 to 1981 the number of patients with fractures of the proximal femur admitted to the orthopaedic trauma unit in Nottingham has doubled--from 290 cases in 1971 to 612 cases in 1981. The effect of the orthogeriatric unit has been to reduce the average length of hospital stay for these patients from 66 days in 1977 before the unit opened, to 48 days in 1979 with a rate of discharge to home or to relatives of 69 per cent of patients: inpatient case fatality within the unit has been 5 per cent.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Studies on a stable, mild diabetes induced by streptozotocin in rats.

A stable, mild diabetes in rats maintained on a normal laboratory diet was induced by a single i.p. injection of streptozotocin. Irreversible damage of the pancreatic islet B cells was complete by 3 days after treatment and plasma immunoreactive insulin was undetectable throughout the remaining 12-week period of investigation. The diabetes was characterized by hyperglycaemia of over 30 mM and a constant elevation of plasma alanine and branch-chain amino acids throughout the 12 weeks. In contrast to severe diabetes, plasma free fatty acids rose only gradually from normal values to reach 1.5 mM by week 12, ketone bodies were only slightly elevated (0.7 mM maximum) and liver glycogen was maintained throughout at around 30% of the normal, fed value. Starvation for up to 40 h caused only slight changes (in contrast with non-diabetic animals) and in particular no changes in free fatty acid or ketone bodies were found. These metabolic results are discussed in relation to the mechanisms thought to control those processes.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

Narcotics addiction treatment: behavioral methods concurrent with methadone maintenance.

Methadone maintenance patients were assigned among four treatment cells involving contingency management, emotionally-based behavior therapy, a combination of these, or a control condition receiving counseling but no behavioral treatment. With 60 patients who remained in treatment at least 6 months, treatment outcomes were compared using objective measures: hours employed, urinalysis results, and counseling participation. No significant differences were found between modalities. Case studies suggested that under appropriate conditions, contingency management might reduce illicit drug use. It is suggested that focused experimental studies may be more productive than broad clinical outcome evaluations.

Adult↗