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Biomedical subjects

J Headley

Publications and source records attributed to J Headley.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Medication administered to children from 0 to 7.5 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).

OBJECTIVE: To present data on the parentally-reported use of all types of medicinal products in children from 0 to 7.5 years, in a large cohort in south-west England. METHODS: Participants in the population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) have been sent self-completion postal questionnaires since they were enrolled during pregnancy. The use of medicinal products has been obtained from questionnaires sent out when the study children were 4 weeks, 54, 78 and 91 months old. RESULTS: The data included prescription, over-the-counter and complementary and alternative medicines. Around three-quarters of study children were exposed to some form of medicinal product before 8 weeks of age. Dermatological preparations were the most commonly used products in young babies. Activated dimeticone, for treatment of colic and flatulence, was given to 16% of babies and gripe water was used by 13%. Other commonly reported products included oral and topical antifungals and ophthalmic antibiotics. Several OTC products, not licensed for use in this age group, were reported. At each of the older ages surveyed, over 95% of children had used some form of medicinal product within the previous 12-18 months. Use of several product categories was higher at 54 months than at 78 or 91 months, such as topical steroids, analgesics (mostly paracetamol) and systemic antibiotics (mainly amoxicillin). Conversely, use of other categories, such as asthma medication, throat preparations (sprays and lozenges) and anti-inflammatory products, increased with increasing age. CONCLUSION: Parentally-reported use of medicinal products in the ALSPAC study children appears to be consistent with data from other sources. The use of medicinal products by young children is high and does not always conform to the product labelling.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2004

Medication use during pregnancy: data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.

OBJECTIVE: To present data on the self-reported use of all types of medicinal products collected during pregnancy in a large cohort in southwest England. METHODS: Pregnant women with a delivery date during 1991-1992 and forming part of the prospective, population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were sent up to four self-completion postal questionnaires during pregnancy. Text data collected from the questions on drug usage were coded using an ALSPAC drug dictionary based on the World Health Organization Drug Dictionary. RESULTS: At least one antenatal self-completion questionnaire was completed for 14,119 pregnancies, and 11,545 women completed all four. The data included prescription, over-the-counter, herbal and homeopathic products as well as iron, vitamins and other supplements. Only 7.6% did not report use of any medicinal product throughout their entire pregnancy. The remaining 92.4% used at least one product at some stage. After exclusion of iron, folate, vitamins, supplements, herbal and homeopathic products and skin emollients, 83% of those completing all questionnaires had used conventional therapeutic drugs. Analgesics were reported by approximately one-third of women at each stage during pregnancy, and paracetamol was the most frequently reported substance. Iron preparations were reported by 33% of the full cohort, at some stage, and folate by 21.9%. Use of anti-anaemic products increased during pregnancy with the greatest incidence at 32 weeks. Other vitamins and supplements were taken by 17.4% at some stage. Use of vitamins decreased throughout pregnancy from 9.6% in early pregnancy to 5% at 32 weeks. Antacids were reported by 23% at 32 weeks. The reported incidence of antibiotic use decreased slightly during pregnancy from 8% early on to 5.8% at 32 weeks; amoxicillin was the most frequently reported antibacterial. CONCLUSION: Use of medicinal products was high during pregnancy in the ALSPAC cohort. This finding is consistent with data from recent publications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Independent validation of APACHE II severity of illness score for predicting mortality in patients with breast cancer admitted to the intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: To determine the validity and predictive accuracy of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) scoring system for severity of illness by comparing the actual hospital mortality with the predicted mortality for patients with breast cancer admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: APACHE II scores were calculated based on retrospective evaluation of the medical records of 52 patients with breast cancer who received ICU care. The relationships between hospital mortality and APACHE II scores, number of sites of metastatic disease, duration of metastatic disease, number of chemotherapeutic regimens given for metastatic disease, presence of neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, age, reason for ICU admission, and length of ICU stay were assessed. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients (42%) died during the hospital stay during in which they were admitted to the ICU. Predicted mortality based on a logistic regression model using APACHE II scores was 21 patients (40%). APACHE II specificity was 87%; sensitivity was 54%. There were significant relationships between presence of metastatic disease, number of metastatic sites, reason for ICU admission, and length of ICU stay. Patients with more than two sites of metastatic disease and those with respiratory failure had particularly poor chances of survival. Regression analysis incorporating the number of sites of metastatic disease, reason for ICU admission (whether for a pulmonary or a cardiovascular problem), and APACHE II score suggested that APACHE II could predict hospital survival. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study showed that APACHE II scores were associated with hospital mortality in patients with breast cancer who were admitted to ICU. The number of metastatic sites and the type of major organ system failure were also associated with outcome. Regression analysis suggested that APACHE II scores were independently associated with survival outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effects of routine care procedures on transcutaneous oxygen in neonates: a quantitative approach.

The changes in transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) during 123 observations of 10 care procedures were compared with the intrinsic variability of the TcPO2 at the time of the procedures. Standard deviations of the TcPO2 were measured by planimetry from continuous recording in undisturbed infants during a 10-minute control period immediately before each procedure. The decrement of TcPO2 during the procedure and the change in TcPO2 5 minutes after the procedure had ended were measured. A chest x-ray film had the most striking early hypoxic effect, but all the procedures produced early hypoxia in at least one-quarter of the infants. The significant decreases in oxygenation with particular procedures indicate areas in which changes in techniques might be applied to the benefit of the neonate.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scleredema diabeticorum: a common and distinct cutaneous manifestation of diabetes mellitus.

Scleredema diabeticorum is characterized by a dramatic increase in the thickness of the skin of the posterior neck and upper back. Of the 17 scleredema patients diagnosed by us in the last 15 yr, 16 have had type II diabetes mellitus. In a prospective study of 484 diabetic outpatients we found the prevalence of scleredema to be 2.5%. Angina pectoris was the only complication that occurred significantly more frequently in scleredematous diabetic patients than in a control group of diabetic patients without scleredema. Scleredema diabeticorum is a distinct cutaneous condition peculiar to diabetic individuals and ought not to be confused with scleredema of Buschke or scleroderma.

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