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Biomedical subjects

J Hinnie

Publications and source records attributed to J Hinnie.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Exercise to exhaustion in the second-wind phase of exercise in a case of McArdle's disease with and without creatine supplementation.

The cardio-pulmonary and biochemical changes observed in a case of McArdle's disease, exercising with increasing work rates to exhaustion in the "second-wind" phase of exercise are reported for the first time. A work rate of 275-325 watts was achieved. Venous blood lactate remained unchanged throughout. The plasma ammonium level reached a plateau of approximately 400 mmol/l at 100 watts. At a work rate of 150-175 watts the ratio of O2 consumption to CO2 production increased, the inverse of an anaerobic threshold. Maximal cardiopulmonary responses were achieved at 200 watts. During the final periods of exercise from 200 to 275/325 watts pulmonary ventilation did not significantly change but there was a decrease in the venous blood H+ concentration, and pO2 and in increase in the pCO2. Creatine supplementation at 25 g/day for five days did not improve exercise performance.

Creatinine↗
PubMed2001

The prevalence of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia.

Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia is said to be an extremely rare condition but is clinically important because it can be confused with primary hyperparathyroidism. The biochemical features of the two conditions are similar, but the former is benign while the latter can have serious clinical consequences with patients occasionally proceeding to parathyroidectomy. It is therefore important to differentiate accurately between the two. With this in mind it would be useful to know the prevalence of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia when considering the differential diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. However, as far as we are aware, no estimate of the prevalence of this condition can be found in the literature. We describe how an estimate was made of the prevalence of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia in the west of Scotland. We estimate the prevalence to be 1 in 78,000 at least.

Calcium↗
PubMed2001

Preliminary results of a pilot study investigating the potential of salivary cortisol measurements to detect occult adrenal suppression secondary to steroid nose drops.

Adrenocortical suppression is a well-known risk of systemic steroids, but is thought less likely to occur with topical intranasal corticosteroids. However, the UK Committee on the Safety of Medicines (UKCSM) has expressed concern about the possibility of this complication. We assessed the prevalence of adrenal suppression in patients with rhinitis using intranasal beclomethasone and betamethasone; and the potential value of salivary cortisol as a tool for detecting this complication. Sixty-six patients (38 men: 28 women; mean age 49.6[SD 16.0] years) were prospectively screened for adrenal insufficiency using clinical assessment and salivary cortisol measurements. Abnormalities at this initial screening were confirmed with a Short Synacthen Test (SST). No patient was clinically Cushingoid. All 22 beclomethasone users had normal salivary cortisols. Eleven (25%) of 44 patients using betamethasone had subnormal salivary cortisol levels (mean morning cortisol 2.8[SD 0.9]nmol/l) suggesting adrenal suppression, which was confirmed by an impaired SST in each case. The positive predictive value of salivary cortisol measurements was 100%. Only patients with abnormal salivary cortisols had a SST, so no comment can be made about sensitivity/specificity. Topical betamethasone may produce occult adrenal insufficiency and assessment of adrenal function is recommended in these patients. Measurement of salivary cortisol is a useful, non-invasive and economical test for monitoring patients using intranasal corticosteroids.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1998

The effect of smoking on post-heparin lipoprotein and hepatic lipase, cholesteryl ester transfer protein and lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase activities in human plasma.

INTRODUCTION: Smoking is associated with dyslipidaemia, particularly raised plasma triglycerides and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and a delayed clearance of triglyceride in fat tolerance tests. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these phenomena could be explained by a reduced lipoprotein lipase activity in smokers. METHODS: A group of 40 healthy individuals [plasma cholesterol 5.07 (SD 0.90) mmol L-1, plasma triglyceride 1.02 (SD 0.39) mmol L-1)] was studied to examine the effects of smoking on plasma enzyme activities, particularly post-heparin lipase activities. The group comprised 20 smokers and 20 non-smokers, who were matched for age, gender and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: Post-heparin lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity [3.89 (SD 1.58) vs. 5.85 (SD 2.30) mumol free fatty acids (FFA) mL-1 h-1, P < 0.005], but not post-heparin hepatic lipase (HL) activity, was reduced in smokers. Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity and lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity were measured in a subgroup of 18 individuals, comprising nine smokers with nine matched non-smokers. There was no difference in CETP activities between two groups, but smokers had a significantly reduced plasma LCAT activity [112 (SD 23) vs. 152 (SD 24) nmol cholesterol mL-1 h-1, P < 0.005]. In both smokers (r=-0.53, P < 0.05) and non-smokers (r=-0.54, P < 0.05), HDL2 concentration was negatively associated with HL activity. In non-smokers, HDL3 concentration was negatively associated with CETP activity (r= -0.77, P < 0.05), whereas in smokers HDL3 concentration was negatively associated with LCAT activity (r= -0.78, P < 0.050). CONCLUSION: It was shown by direct measurement that the activity of plasma post-heparin LPL is reduced in smokers, independently of age, gender and BMI. It is concluded that this enzyme perturbation associated with smoking may contribute to the development of the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype seen in smokers.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A metabolic complication of severe burns.

A 32-year-old male was referred to intensive care with possible respiratory sepsis 15 days after sustaining 73 per cent TBSA electrical burns. Investigation revealed previously undiagnosed hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma. The aetiology, pathogenesis and management of this recognized complication of major burns is discussed. An interesting feature of this case is recovery from 73 per cent burns, severe hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma and a serum osmolality of 429 mosmol/kg, each of which carry a high mortality probability.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1995

Audit of an emergency biochemistry service.

AIM: To examine a model for the evaluation of appropriateness of testing in an emergency biochemistry laboratory. METHODS: A model was devised in which incoming emergency test requests were categorised as appropriate or inappropriate. Explicit criteria were used to define eight minor categories, which were chosen to reflect accurately current working practice within the hospital and laboratory. Five junior medical staff each undertook a prospective 24 hour assessment, during which time all incoming requests were monitored and categorised according to these criteria. Concordance between monitors was evaluated before and during assessments. RESULTS: Of 509 requests, 384 (75%) were appropriate and 125 (25%) were inappropriate according to the criteria used to define categories. Inappropriate requests fell into three main groups: preoperative samples (43.2% (54/125) of all inappropriate requests), missed routine samples (33.6% (42/125)) and accelerated (priority) analyses (16% (20/125)). Various other reasons accounted for the remaining 7.2% (9/125). CONCLUSION: This model may be used to obtain valid information about current clinical and laboratory practice. Strategies to reduce the number of inappropriate requests have been identified in order to reserve the emergency service for situations of true need.

Biochemistry↗
PubMed1995

Actinomycosis presenting as carcinoma.

Actinomycosis is rare compared to carcinoma, but the two conditions can present with very similar clinical pictures. Two cases of actinomycosis are reported, one thoracic and one pelvic-abdominal which presented as carcinoma and proceeded to surgery without a histological diagnosis having been established.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1994

Determinants of LDL subfraction distribution and concentrations in young normolipidemic subjects.

Human low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) comprise a spectrum of particles that vary in size, density, chemical composition, metabolic behavior, and atherogenicity. To identify determinants of this heterogeneity, we measured the percent distribution and plasma concentration of the three major LDL subfractions in 34 young healthy subjects. These parameters were correlated in univariate and multivariate analyses with various body and lifestyle factors; plasma lipids and lipoprotein; and the activities of cholesteryl ester transfer protein, lipoprotein lipase, and hepatic lipase (HL). Women (n = 15) had significantly more large, buoyant LDL (LDL-I; density, 1.025 to 1.034 g/mL) and high-density lipoprotein2 (HDL2) than men (n = 19). Both the percentage and concentration of LDL-I were correlated negatively with very-low-density lipoprotein triglycerides (VLDL-TG) and HL; they were correlated positively with HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL2. In addition, percent LDL-I was negatively correlated with plasma triglycerides, VLDL-C, LDL-C, and apo-lipoprotein (apo) B concentrations. The concentrations of intermediate and small, dense LDL (LDL-II and LDL-III; density, 1.034 to 1.044 and 1.044 to 1.060 g/L, respectively) were positively correlated with LDL-C. LDL-III concentrations were also related to plasma cholesterol and apoB concentrations and HL activity. On multivariate analyses, approximately one third of the variability in LDL-I was explained by HL and plasma triglycerides. More than 80% of the variation in LDL-II was accounted for by a model that combined LDL-C and plasma apoB with body mass index and VLDL-TG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Characterization of a structural glycoprotein from bovine ligamentum nuchae exhibiting dual amine oxidase activity.

A structural glycoprotein has been extracted from bovine ligamentum nuchae by using 5 M guanidine hydrochloride containing a disulfide bond reducing agent and purified by preparative gel electrophoresis. The isolated material appeared to be monodisperse, with a molecular weight of approximately 34000, as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by analytical ultracentrifugation. It contains 10% carbohydrate comprising mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, and sialic acid in a 6:5:3:3 molar ratio. The glycoprotein has been assayed for peptidyl-lysine oxidase activity by using [3H]lysine-aortic elastin, prepared from 15- to 17-day-old chick embryos, as a substrate. In the absence of free lysine, the specific activity of the preparation over a 2-h incubation was approximately 60 X 10(4) dpm/mg of purified protein. Addition of 10 mM lysine resulted in an approximately 50% decrease in the specific activity. Free lysine was shown to act as a substrate for the glycoprotein preparation as indicated by control experiments using [3H]lysine in place of the aortic substrate. These results demonstrate that the glycoprotein exhibits a dual amine oxidase activity. In the presence of 0.27 mM beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate, a concentration which completely inhibits peptidyl-lysine oxidase activity in other lysyl oxidases, the glycoprotein preparation was inhibited by approximately 14%. In the absence of 5 M guanidine hydrochloride and reducing agent, the glycoprotein undergoes aggregation which in the presences of copper ions results in the formation of cylindrical tactoids, the diameter of which (11 nm) corresponds closely to that of the fibrils which in the majority of connective tissue matrices constitute the microfibrillar component mainly associated with elastic fibers.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗