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Biomedical subjects

J Hobbs

Publications and source records attributed to J Hobbs.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

The adult patient. The adult patient.

The stories told by these two individuals reflect considerable differences in background conditions, treatment protocol, career decisions, life experiences, and emotional perspectives. They represent a spectrum of variables found in caring for patients with clefts. The following conclusions can be drawn from the existing literature as well as from the patients interviewed: 1. Early intervention is critical; treatment should be completed as early as possible. 2. Adults with clefts who have speech problems during adolescence and even adulthood generally do not do as well as cleft patients who have not experienced major speech problems. 3. Despite well-trained social work and psychological support from the cleft palate team, patients really may not verbalize their innermost feelings about their condition. There may be self-imposed limitations of which SLPs are unaware. 4. Just because the patient has achieved satisfactory cosmetic, functional, and speech results does not necessarily mean the patient's emotional development has reached a satisfactory level of adjustment. 5. SLPs see patients only within the well-defined limits of the hospital or clinic setting. They are not seen in public, their job setting, or within the family constellation. 6. The effects of cultural biases and differences may not be readily apparent but may have considerable influence on patient adjustment, expectations, behavior, and overall ability to accept the condition. 7. Infancy and childhood provide a window of time during which all operations, dental procedures, and therapies should be accomplished. Many older children will reach a point at which they will choose to stop the process and refuse what we think are the final stages of treatment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Number and anatomical distribution of incompetent thigh perforating veins.

Although incompetent thigh perforating veins are considered to be a common cause of recurrence of varicose veins after high saphenous ligation, the number and distribution of such incompetent veins have not been reported. The aim of the study was to determine the number and anatomical distribution of incompetent thigh perforating veins. Sixty-five limbs in 48 patients with varicose veins who were found to have incompetent thigh perforating veins on ascending deep to superficial venography were studied. In 80 per cent of patients one incompetent thigh perforating vein was found and in 20 per cent more than one was found. Concomitant incompetent calf perforating veins were found in 92 per cent of the limbs studied. The incompetent thigh perforating veins were found to occur anywhere in the thigh, from the upper edge of the patella to a few centimetres below the saphenofemoral junction. The majority (71 per cent) were found in the middle third of the thigh. All incompetent thigh perforating veins were communicating with the long saphenous vein, including those in five patients with incomplete stripping. The surgeon should be aware of incompetent thigh perforating veins which may be multiple and occur at any site on the medial aspect of the thigh.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Intravascular lipoleiomyomatosis: a report of two cases.

Two cases of intravascular leiomyomatosis (IVL) with histologic features of a lipoleiomyoma (LPL) are reported. Both tumors arose from preexisting uterine leiomyomata. One tumor was found incidentally in a uterus removed for leiomyomata. The other tumor extended up the inferior vena cava into the right side of the heart and presented as a cardiac mass. Although LPL is considered to be a benign lesion, IVL recurs in approximately 10% of reported cases, and must be distinguished from low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma and leiomyosarcoma with vascular invasion. The combination of features in these cases lends support to the theory that IVL may arise by intravascular extension of a preexisting leiomyoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Disturbances in acid-base metabolism. Recognition in the office setting.

Determination of the appropriateness of the compensatory response is essential in evaluation of any acid-base disturbance. Adequate compensation supports the presence of a single acid-base event. Inadequate compensation may indicate that a second primary acid-base event is present or, in some circumstances, that time has been inadequate for maximal physiologic compensation. When acid-base disturbances are mixed, treatment of one disorder may unmask the full pH-altering potential of the second disorder. Close monitoring of patients at risk for the development of acid-base disorders permits detection of problems at a time when intervention may prevent serious complications. Relatively inexpensive and easy-to-use chemical analytic systems to assist early diagnosis are now present in many office-based laboratories.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗
PubMed1987

Selective immunodeficiency affecting staphylococcal response.

Eight patients with recurrent staphylococcal infections, necessitating up to 213 hospital admissions in one patient, gave normal results with the usual immunological investigations, including measurement of serum IgG and IgG2. In the staphylococcal inhibition test all showed persistently subnormal results, corrected by the addition of compatible normal plasma or normal IgG therapy for 6 months to 21 years, and one died from staphylococcal septicaemia 6 months after withdrawal of treatment. The impairment in anti-staphylococcal response, with failure to produce adequate antibodies, was probably acquired in utero in four patients and inherited in two. In these six patients symptoms started soon after 4 months. In the remaining two the syndrome was acquired later in life.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Office laboratory evaluation of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders.

Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders are common entities in office practice and usually require laboratory studies for complete evaluation. Many common studies (for example, dipstick urinalysis) that are ubiquitous to the office laboratory can provide significant preliminary information concerning the presence and nature of these disorders. New levels of precision in the evaluation of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders have recently been added to the office laboratory with the development of relatively inexpensive, reliable, and easy-to-operate chemical analytic systems. These systems now provide many studies conveniently to the office practice that once required the support of hospital or commercial laboratories.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗
PubMed1980

Interferon induction by two 2'-modified double-helical RNAs, poly(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyinosinic acid) x poly(cytidylic acid) and poly(2'-chloro-2'-deoxyinosinic acid) x poly(cytidylic acid).

In addition to the 2'-azido analogue of (I)n x (C)n, (dIn3)n x (C)n, we have found two other (I)n x (C)n analogues, (dIfl)n x (C)n and (dIcl)n x (C)n, in which the 2'-hydroxyls of the (I)n strand are replaced by either fluorine or chlorine, to be highly effective in inducing interferon. This contrasted with the lack of interferon-inducing activity noted for various other 2'-halogeno analogues of (I)n x (C)n and (A)n x (U)n, i.e. (I)n x (dCcl)n, (dAfl)n x (U)n, (dAcl)n x (U)n, (A)n x (dUfl)n and (A)n x (dUcl)n. In most assay systems, viz. primary rabbit kidney cells, human diploid fibroblasts, HeLa cells, interferon-primed mouse L-929 cells, and intact rabbits, (dIfl)n x (C)n and (dIcl)n x (C)n induced interferon levels that were comparable to those induced by (I)n x (C)n. There was one particular system (L-929 cells treated with DEAE-dextran), however, in which (dIfl)n x (C)n and (dIcl)n x (C)n, unlike (I)n x (C)n, failed to stimulate interferon production. As monitored by both radiochemical and biological means, (dIfl)n x (C)n and, to a lesser extent, (dIcl)n x (C)n were more resistant to degradation by ribonuclease A, T1 and human serum nucleases than was (I)n x (C)n. In their reactivity towards antibodies to double-stranded RNA (dIfl)n x (C)n and (dIcl)n x (C)n conformed more closely to (I)n x (C)n than did other 2'-substituted (e.g. 2'-O-methyl or 2'-O-ethyl) analogues of (I)n x (C)n. The high interferon-inducing potency of (dIfl)n x (C)n and (dIcl)n x (C)n has both theoretical and practical implications. While our findings suggest that (dIfl)n x (C)n and (dIcl)n x (C)n should be further explored for their therapeutic potentials, they also strengthen the notion that the interferon-inducing capacity, and possibly other biological functions of double-stranded RNAs is dependent on the recognition of the overall conformation of the polynucleotide rather than on the binding of specific functional groups such as the 2'-hydroxyl group.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Mitral valve prolapse.

Mitral valve prolapse is a relatively common condition in the general population. The syndrome appears more common in females, and is often associated with a family history. Patients may be asymptomatic or may present with a variety of symptoms ranging from mild chest aches and anxiety to severe angina-like chest pain, palpitations and dizziness. The common auscultatory features include mid-systolic clicks and a late systolic murmur, either alone or in combination. The wide spectrum of symptoms and signs may be explained by ventriculovalvular disproportion, where either the ventricle is too small for the valve, or the valve is too large for the ventricle. The long-term prognosis is very good; severe mitral regurgitation can occasionally develop, but both sudden death and bacterial endocarditis are rare. No treatment is required for asymptomatic patients, beyond antibiotic cover for dental procedures and surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The hemolytic anemias.

Hemolytic anemias usually present with persistent reticulocytosis, a characteristic that differentiates them from other types of anemia. Once the presence of a hemolytic process has been documented, simple observation of red blood cell morphology will yield important etiologic information. Hemolysis may result from inherent defects in the red cell or from excessive environmental stress on normal cells. Immune mechanisms of hemolysis should be investigated early because of the frequency of their occurrence.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1978

Inhibition of primase, the dnaG protein of Escherichia coli by 2'-deoxy-2'-azidocytidine triphosphate.

2'-Deoxy-2'-azidocytidine-5'-triphosphate was investigated as an inhibitor in two reconstructed enzyme systems which catalyze the replication of two viral DNAs. During replication of the duplex replicative form of phiX174 DNA, DNA polymerase III holoenzyme was weakly inhibited and inhibition was reversed by dCTP. A more pronounced inhibition, not reversed by either dCTP or CTP, was observed during replication of the single-stranded DNA of the bacteriophage G4, a close relative of phiX174. This effect depended on the incorporation of 2'-deoxy-2'-azidocytidine-5'-triphosphate by primase (dnaG protein) which synthesizes a 29-residue RNA primer at the unique origin of bacteriophage G4 DNA replication. Extension of the primer strand, terminated by 2'-deoxy-2'-azidocytidine-5'-triphosphate is then severely inhibited. Primase was also inhibited by the 2'-deoxy-2'-azido derivatives of ATP, GTP, and UTP.

Coliphages↗
PubMed1978

Effects of hydrogen ion dissociation and concentration of the reactivity of dichromate-fixed tissue components to the PAS procedure: recommendations for reducing undesirable background staining.

The undesirable PAS reactivity of cytoplasmic aldehydes after dichromate fixation can be suppressed without affecting selective staining by lowering the pH of Lillie's Cold Schiff reagent to 1.5. Alternatively, dilution of pH 2.2 Cold Schiff reagent with distilled water (1:2) is recommended. Hydrogen ion concentration and dissociation effect the rate of color formation in various PAS positive sites differentially with respect to the time of incubation in Schiff reagent. Based on the experiments, aldehydes exposed in different tissue components appear to be chemically distinct and separable depending on the rate of color formation and duration of incubation in Schiff reagent.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1977

2'-Deoxy-2'-azidocytidine, a new inhibitor of DNA replication in mammalian cells.

Cell growth is reversibly inhibited by the nucleoside analogue, 2'-deoxy-2'-azidocytidine and the inhibition is a result of interference with DNA replication. The 5'-diphosphate of the analogue was earlier shown to specifically inactivate the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase in vitro. However, measurements of the pools of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates in cells incubated in azidocytidine showed only minor changes which appeared to result from and not to be the cause of the inhibition of DNA replication. The DNA synthesized in polyoma-infected cells after incubation in azidocytidine showed a sedimentation pattern quite different from that seen after inhibition of DNA synthesis with arabinosyl cytosine or hydroxyurea. Experiments with nuclei isolated from azidocytidine-inhibited, polyoma-infected cells indicated (a) that the number of replicating molecules is decreased during the inhibition and (b) that upon incubation of the nuclei there is a rapid synthesis of DNA occurring in a new class of DNA molecules which are at a very early state of replication. Neither the 5'-triphosphate of azidocytidine nor the nucleoside itself inhibit DNA synthesis in vitro in isolated nuclei from polyoma-infected cells and at present the nature of the DNA-synthesis-inhibiting compound acting in the cells after addition of azidocytidine is unknown. Taken together the results suggest that azidocytidine inhibits DNA synthesis at an early stage, possible by blocking the initiation of DNA synthesis at the origin or by interfering with the elongation of newly initiated DNA molecules.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1977

Malaria field studies in a high-incidence coastal area of El Salvador, C.A.

A three-year investigation was made of the incidence patterns and characteristics of malaria in a small high-incidence coastal area of El Salvador with a resident population of about 6,000 persons and a migrant population of 3,000 to 4,000 others. It found a significant increase in the incidence of Plasmodium falciparum cases during the three-year period, combined with relative stability in the annual number of Plasmodium vivax cases. A close correlation was observed between the seasonal occurence of P. falciparum cases in 1973 and vector densities, and between vector densities and aerial application of agricultural insecticides. Cases of P. vivax appeared about twice as common in the 5 to 14 year age group as in older or younger groups, and cases of P. falciparum seemed only about one-third as frequent in the 0 to 4 year group as in older groups. The attack rate in 1973 was somewhat higher in males than in females. There appeared to be a decrease in parasite densities with age, as well as a direct correlation between parasite densities and the degree of disability (symptoms and "in bed" time) reported by patients.

Adolescent↗