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Biomedical subjects

J Homolka

Publications and source records attributed to J Homolka.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Extent of tuberculin skin testing spot in bacteriologically verified tuberculosis].

BACKGROUND: Tuberculin skin test was evaluated in patients with bacteriologically verified tuberculosis notified in the Czech Republic during 2003 and 2004. METHODS AND RESULTS: Out of 1172 patients with bacteriologically verified tuberculosis altogether 28.8% were tuberculin-negative. The average value of tuberculin reaction in this cohort was 11.6 mm. Among 30-year-old patients with bacteriologically verified tuberculosis the number of tuberculin-negative individuals was statistically lower (14 %) in comparison with 70-year-old and older patients, where the prevalence of tuberculin-negative individuals was 42 %. Higher rate of tuberculin-negative individuals with bacteriologically verified tuberculosis was found among patients who were diagnosed with liver disease (42 % of tuberculin-negative) or malignant tumor (47 % of tuberculin-negative). Presented results show that in circumstances of the Czech Republic the tuberculin skin test can be used to follow up the spreading of tuberculosis infection in younger age groups without accompanying serious disease only. CONCLUSIONS: The improvement of the diagnostics of latent tuberculosis infection can bring the routine introduction of new tests, e.g. Quantiferon-TB Gold or other methods.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Tuberculosis in the Czech Republic in 2005].

BACKGROUND: The number of notified TB cases decreased in the year 2005, when 1007 new TB cases and relapses were reported (9.9/100,000 inhabitants). METHODS AND RESULTS: 838 cases were pulmonary TB (8.2/100,000) and from them 586 were definite pulmonary cases (5.7/100,000). The decreasing trend in TB incidence reported since 1998 has continued. The treatment of definite pulmonary cases notified in 2004 and evaluated in 2005 was effective. Treatment success was in 80.7 % of cases, but failures and interrupted treatment were only 2.5 % of cases. Only 14.7 % new cases of pulmonary TB were found by active case-finding. CONCLUSIONS: Next targets of TB control must be an active case-finding in high-risk groups and monitoring latent TB infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Diagnostics and indications of surgical treatment of patients with lung carcinoma at the first clinic of TRN of the first faculty of medicine and the VFN Prague in years 2004 to 2005].

BACKGROUND: Results of the diagnostics and indications of surgical treatment of patients with lung carcinoma (BCA) at the First clinic in years 2004 to 2005 were evaluated in a retrospective study. METHODS AND RESULTS: The cohort of 209 patients with the male to female ratio of 2 to 1 included 63 % of current smokers, 22 % of former smokers and 15 % of non-smokers. BCA was diagnosed in significantly earlier age in smokers in comparison to former smokers or non-smokers. Men had smoked in average 107 000 of cigarettes more than women. In the family history we found one or more malignancies in 49 % of patients. In the personal history COPD was found in 42 % of patients. Patients with COPD had more frequently epidermoid type of cancer. In patients diagnosed at earlier stages of BCA (I to IIIA) COPD was present more frequently as an intercurrent disease in comparison with patients in higher stages. 34 % of patients had a history of alcohol abuse, the median age of alcoholic patients was 65 years, the median age of other patients was 70 years. In histologically verified tumours, the highest occurrence had the epidermoid type (29% of patients) and adenocarcinoma (27 %). 39 patients (18.6 % from the cohort) were surgically treated; from 128 patients with NSCLC 33 were surgically treated (25 % of NSCLC cohort). Among the causes of surgical treatment impossibility, the most frequent ones were COPD in the third to four stage, age over 80 years, polymorbidity and ill-being. CONCLUSIONS: Results of our study indicate that BCA is frequently diagnosed in already developed stage, numbers of surgically treated patients represent less than 20% of the total patients' number.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Tuberculosis in the Czech Republic in the year 2004].

The number of notified TB cases in the Czech Republic continued to decrease in the year 2004. 1057 new TB cases and relapses of TB were reported in the year 2004 (10.3 / 100,000). 861 were pulmonary TB (8.4 / 100,000) and from those 584 were unequivocal pulmonary TB cases (5.7 / 100,000). The decreasing trend in TB incidence reported since 1998 has continued. Treatment success was present in 76.7% of cases; failures and interrupted treatment were observed in only 2.0%. Results of the treatment were affected by great numbers of deaths for other causes then TB, because they were observed in the oldest part of population. The resistance for AT drugs was confirmed in less than 6% of cases and MDR-cases were under 2%. The low level of resistance and good treatment outcomes are very important for further decline of new TB cases. The next target of TB control should be the active case finding in high-risk groups and monitoring latent TB infection.

Czech Republic↗
PubMed2005

[Lung cancer operability--history and presence].

Review of contemporary publication on the operability of lung cancer in the Czech Republic and in other countries is presented. Since 1912, when 374 cases of lung cancer were described, the incidence has risen and culminated towards the end of the 20th century. From the available treatment modalities, surgery gives the best results. An overview of papers describing the beginning of thoracic surgery in the Monde and in the Czech Republic is given. In the Czech Republic during 2002, 11.3% of all lung cancers were resected. From the TRN clinics in the Czech Republic about 20 to 27% of patients are recommended. In the leading world centres the operability is higher--about 25 to 35% of patients. The improvement of operability of lung cancer is possible namely by the increase of timely diagnosed tumors and by more frequent use of neoadjuvant medication in the treatment algorithms.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

[Tuberculosis in the Czech Republic in 2003].

BACKGROUND: 1162 new cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed in the Czech Republic in 2003; pulmonary tuberculosis represented 942 cases and in 660 cases the diagnosis of tuberculosis was bacteriologically confirmed. METHODS AND RESULTS: 355 cases were smear positive tuberculosis. The increase of certain TB cases (70%) in 2003 compared to 2002 is not statistically significant (p = 0.031). The notification rate (incidence) in 2003 was 11,4/100 000 all cases of tuberculosis, 9,2/100 000 pulmonary tuberculosis and 6,5/100 000 certain cases of tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to 2002 a decline of all forms of tuberculosis was observed, this decline however was not statistically significant. The increase in bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis and smear positive tuberculosis was also not statistically significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antituberculotic drugs in Czech Republic in 2003].

BACKGROUND: The results of Mycobacterium tuberculosis susceptibility testing in 2003 were analysed in 568 (84%) pulmonary TB definite cases in the Czech Republic. METHODS AND RESULTS: The resistance on antituberculotic drugs was detected in 4.9% of TB bacilli. Most frequently, resistance on one drug--isoniazid (1.8% of pulmonary TB definite cases) has been observed. Multidrug resistant TB was found in two cases in 2003. CONCLUSIONS: The resistance of Mycobacteria was found significantly more often in foreign-born persons with pulmonary TB (25% of strains of TB bacilli were resistant on one or more AT drugs). Resistance on AT drugs was more frequent also in previously treated TB cases, especially if the relapse occurred after 3,5 years after finishing previous treatment.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed2003

[Lymphangioleiomyomatosis in a menopausal woman].

Lymphagioleiomyomatosis is a rare pulmonary disease which affects mainly women of childbearing age. An observation of lymphangiomyomatosis in a menopausal woman or in men is considered very unusual. We report a case of lymphagioleiomyomatosis in a 60-year-old woman.

Female↗
PubMed2003

[Endobronchial neurofibroma].

Neurofibroma belongs to the benign tumors and it is categorised as neuroectodermal tumor. Neurofibromas are most frequently found in the posterior mediastinum, their endobronchial localisation is rather rare. Our paper presents two cases of endobronchial neurofibromas with diverse clinical and X-ray symptomatology. Both patients underwent surgery and the etiology of tumours was assessed by histological examination of the preoperative biopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Interstitial pulmonary processes].

New classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias on the basis of the structural characteristics is presented. The contemporary classification includes four types of disease, differing in the clinical symptomatology, reaction to therapy and prognosis.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

[5-year experience with the Heimox system in the treatment of patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency].

BACKGROUND: Long-term oxygen therapy using oxygen concentrators has been introduced in the Czech Republic as a standard method since October 1992. Since August 1996 there has been a possibility of treating patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency with devices exploiting liquid oxygen. In our study we analyzed a group of patients treated with Heimox system during the period August 1996 to December 2000. METHODS AND RESULTS: Heimox system has been indicated in 85 patients (49 males, 31 females and five children). Mean survival time was 10 months, no patient survived three years. Two-year survival was 8.2% (7 patients) and one-year survival 17.6% (15 patients). Compared to our results in 1296 patients treated with oxygen concentrators in 1996 (mean survival time 17.3 months, four-year survival 3%, three-year survival 14.4%, two-year survival 21.1%, one-year survival 26.0%) patients treated with Heimox system had shorter survival time. CONCLUSIONS: Indication criteria for Heimox system approve using this system for patients with terminal stage of pulmonary illness and therefore the survival time is very short.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and its treatment with total pulmonary lavage in the Czech Republic].

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare disease characterized by accumulation of a large amount of both components of surfactant, proteins and phospholipids in alveoli and terminal bronchioles. This cumulation may lead to impaired gas exchange and result in respiratory insufficiency. The disease may develop in neonatal age or later in adult age. Two congenital forms are known. The disease occurs however also in people with neoplastic disease, during cytostatic treatment, during inhalation of inorganic dusts. A dominant symptom is progressing dyspnoea. Asymptomatic forms exist also. The most effective therapeutic method is overall pulmonary lavage. The authors implemented in 1999 the first overall pulmonary lavage in the Czech Republic in the General Faculty Hospital in Prague in a 60-year-old female patient.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage↗
PubMed2001

[The first successful therapeutic pulmonary lavage in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in the Czech Republic].

Whole lung lavage represents a possible therapeutic method in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis which can lead to an improvement of blood oxygenation in the lungs. In the Czech Republic there has been no experience with this method so far. A case of 69-year-old female with idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis treated with the whole lung lavage sequentionally conducted is reported. The whole lung lavage led to the improvement of dyspnoe and arterial blood gases. Whole lung lavage leads to the improvement of clinical status in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Effect of physical training on the magnitude of left ventricular ischaemic dysfunction in patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease].

Twenty-two patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and reversible myocardial ischaemia after a load as recorded by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) participated in an eight-week rehabilitation programme. Before exercise their efficiency was tested by spiroergometric examinatin and the patients were randomized into two groups. Group A (10 patients) took exercise at the level of the anaerobic threshold (high intensity training), group B (12 patients) trained at the level of the 60 % anaerobic threshold (low intensity training). The exercise unit including the warming up and relaxation stage lasted 50 minutes and was repeated three times per week. Before and after the rehabilitation programme in all patients spiroergometry was performed as well as exercise pulsed tissue Doppler echocardiography to evaluate regional systolic and diastolic left ventricular function in the ischaemic area, localized beforehand by the SPECT. The following parameters were evaluated by echocardiograpphy: the peak velocity of motion in the ischaemic area in systole (Si), the peak velocity of motion in the ischaemic area in early diastole (Ei) ad in atrial contraction (Ai), and the ratio Ei/Ai was calculated. With the exception of the decline of the value at rest Ai from 8.4 +/- 1.3 cm/sec to 7.3 +/- 1.3 cm/s (p < 005) in the exercising group A none of the parameters of left ventricular regional function changed significantly after an eight-week rehabilitation programme. The maximal performance achieved in spiroergometry increased however after rehabilitation in group A (from 145 +/- 36 W to 162 +/- 39 W, p < 0.01) as well as in group B (from 112 +/- 36W to 122 +/- 36W, p < 0.05). I It may be concluded that a rehabilitation programme of high and low intensity improved the load tolerance during spiroergometry but did not lead to significant improvement of regional systolic and diastolc left ventricular function in the area of reversible ischaemia.

Echocardiography, Doppler↗
PubMed2000

[The sleep apnea syndrome in hypophyseal disorders with the exception of acromegaly].

The aim of the study was to ascertain the occurrence of the sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) in patients after pituitary afunctional adenoma operation or in patients with other affection in sella turcica region except acromegaly patients. Eighty-one patients were addressed. Sixteen patients (eight men, eight women) underwent the examination; the rest of them had no interest to be explored. Afunctional pituitary adenoma was diagnosed in twelve patients, afunctional pituitary adenoma and subsequently optic glioma in one patient, craniopharyngioma in one patient, prolactinoma in one patient and undifferentiated cystic pituitary tumour in one patient. Neurological examination was done in all patients (standardized sleep questionnaire was included). SAS was quantified using PolyMESAM. Severity of SAS were set up from the value of M index (M = ODI.delta saturation; ODI--oxygen desaturation index). Mild SAS: 40 < M < 100; middle SAS: 100 < M < 210; severe SAS: M > 210. SAS was diagnosed in 13 patients: mild SAS in three of them (average value of M index: 81.0 +/- 12.7), moderate SAS in seven patients (average value of M index: 129.0 +/- 18.7) and severe SAS in three patients (average value of M index: 790.0 +/- 563.0). Therapy by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was recommended in six patients. Five of them continue in using of CPAP--four patients with good compliance. The occurrence of SAS was 16.05% in measured group, higher than in normal population.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1999

Analysis of the Kveim-Siltzbach test reagent for bacterial DNA.

The sarcoid spleen-derived reagent for the Kveim-Siltzbach test (KST) elicits a sarcoid-specific, granulomatous, cutaneous response used to establish the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. In the context of the ongoing discussion of a bacterial cause of sarcoidosis we asked the question whether bacterial DNA could be found in the KST reagent. For this purpose two different KST reagents, an identical preparation from a normal spleen, and a native sarcoid spleen were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) employing universal primers detecting conserved DNA sequences coding for bacterial ribosomal 16S RNA. Neither KST reagents, the control preparation, nor the spleen yielded a positive signal, indicating that the preparations are free of bacterial contamination. Because the KST reagent elicits granuloma, these results do not support the hypothesis of a bacterial cause of sarcoid granuloma.

Conserved Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Simultaneous detection of endogenous lectins and their binding capacity at the single-cell level--a technical note.

Endogenous lectins are proteins/glycoproteins which selectively recognize distinct saccharide ligands and are different from immunoglobulins and carbohydrate-utilizing enzymes. Expression of these molecules can be detected immunohistochemically using nonblocking monoclonal antibodies (A1D6: anti-galectin-3, MR-15-2-2: anti-175 kD mannose receptor). Alternatively, biotinylated (neo)glycoconjugates which are recognized by a studied lectin can be employed as convenient probes to demonstrate specific binding of sugar epitopes by carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) of endogenous lectins. In this study, we describe a new procedure for immunocytochemical visualization of the expression of endogenous lectins and glycochemical visualization of the reactivity of carbohydrate recognition domain(s), performed simultaneously at the single-cell level.

Animals↗