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Biomedical subjects

J Hoover

Publications and source records attributed to J Hoover.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Alteration in blood pressures associated with combined alcohol and oral contraceptive use-the lipid research clinics prevalence study.

Alterations in systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels associated with combined oral contraceptive (OC) and alcohol use were investigated in white women 20-49 years of age from 10 North American Lipid Research Clinics study populations. OC users had systolic pressures 2-3 mm Hg higher than non-users, but no difference was noted for diastolic pressures. Among non-OC users, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were positively associated with reported alcohol consumption, though participants reporting no alcohol use had blood pressures slightly higher than those reporting minimal intake. The blood pressure correlates of OC's and alcohol appeared to be independent, and systolic pressures levels were over 8 mm Hg higher in those reporting heavier alcohol intake and OC use than among those reporting minimal alcohol intake and no OC use.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Association arrays for the study of familial height, weight, lipid, and lipoprotein similarity in three West Coast populations.

A more refined understanding of familial similarity may be achieved through a collection of measures of dependence that is sensitive to a variety of nonlinear trends ans stochastic relationships between trait values. Parent-offspring, spouse, and sibling similarities are examined by association arrays that assess dependence between variables for appropriate classes of functions (e.g., the class of all increasing functions). The methodology is applied to height, weight, lipid, and lipoprotein variables collected in nuclear families at the Seattle, Stanford, and La Jolla Lipid Research Clinics. Among the results obtained using association arrays, there is the suggestion that spouse similarity for standardized weight is strongest for functions emphasizing the higher values of the wives' weight independent of the husbands' weight, and that sibling similarity for high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations appears strongest for functions emphasizing the higher values of the siblings. The results deduced from the method of association arrays are compared and contrasted with those obtained from standard correlations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Alterations of plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels associated with benzodiazepine use--the LRC Program Prevalence Study.

In a study of white adults from 10 North American Lipid Research Clinics populations, plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in benzodiazepine (diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, flurazepam) users were compared to both the entire population of non-users and matched control non-users. Significantly higher plasma triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and by one method of analysis, lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were noted in male benzodiazepine users. No significant differences were noted in total plasma cholesterol or low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Alterations of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels associated with consumption of selected medications. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.

From the 10 North American study populations of the Lipid Research Clinics Program, mean levels of plasma high-density (HDL) cholesterol were contrasted between users of eight categories of prescribed medications and a control group of nonusers of those categories matched for age, sex, study population and ponderosity. Women taking propranolol had a mean HDL cholesterol level 12 mg/dl lower than nonusers (p < 0.05). Men taking phenytoin had a mean HDL cholesterol level more than 18 mg/dl higher than nonusers (p < 0.05). Men taking benzodiazepine derivatives had a mean HDL cholesterol level 3.3 mg/dl lower than nonusers (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between users and nonusers of thiazide diuretics, chlorthalidone, barbiturates, sympathomimetics or antihistamines.

Barbiturates↗
PubMed1979

Altered plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels associated with oral contraceptive and oestrogen use. Report from the Medications Working Group of the Lipid Research Clinics Program.

In a study of women attending ten North American Lipid Research Clinics plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density (L.D.L.), very low density (V.L.D.L.), and high density (H.D.L.) lipoprotein levels in those taking oral contraceptives (O.C.) and in those taking oestrogens for menopausal symptoms were compared with those in women not taking gonadal hormones, after adjustment for age, educational attainment, and body-mass index, O.C. and oestrogen users were leaner than non-users. Compared with controls, O.C. users showed increased cholesterol, triglyceride, and L.D.L.-cholesterol and V.L.D.L.-cholesterol levels, but H.D.L.-cholesterol levels were similar. Cholesterol, triglyceride, and H.D.L.-cholesterol and V.L.D.L.-cholesterol levels were positively associated with the quantity of the oestrogen component of the O.C. preparations. Compared with non-users, menopausal oestrogen users had slightly lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels, significant decreases in L.D.L.-cholesterol and V.L.D.L.-cholesterol, and a significant increase in H.D.L.-cholesterol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Altered plasma-lipids associated with oral contraceptive or oestrogen consumption. The Lipid Research Clinic Program.

Mean plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were measured in White female users and non-users of oral contraceptives and oestrogens in 10 diverse, demographically defined North American populations. About 50% of the younger women (20-24 years old) were taking oral contraceptives. In these women mean triglyceride concentrations were up to 48% higher and mean cholesterol concentrations were about 5% higher than in non-users. The 95% percentile of the total lipid distribution among non-users was used to define hyperlipidaemia. In young women on oral contraceptives hypercholesterolaemia was up to three times more common and hypertriglyceridaemia was up to five times more common than in non-users. 37% of older women (50-54 years) (presumably intramenopausal and postmenopausal) were hormone users, and in this group there were small, inconsistent alterations in plasma-triglyceride and a modest but consistent reduction in mean cholesterol concentration.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD on domestic chicken immune function and CYP450 activity: F1 generation and egg injection studies.

Domestic chickens (Gallus gallus) were used as a surrogate species for wild turkey to assess risk from environmental 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposure. Lymphocyte proliferation and CYP450 induction were assessed in adults exposed via i.m. injection, in F1 14-day old hatchlings, in F1 adults (30-weeks old), and in 14-day old hatchlings exposed via yolk sac injections. Hatchlings from injected eggs exhibited a dose-response in lymphocyte proliferation, IgM titers, EROD, and PROD endpoints. Exposed adults showed a significant dose-dependent increase in CYP450 induction. F1 14-day old chicks exhibited a significant dose-dependent suppression of B-cell proliferation and induction of CYP450 enzymes. F1 adult proliferative responses exhibited B-cell suppression, that was not statistically significant. Significant sex-dependent EROD and MROD induction was also observed in F1 adults, indicating mixed-function oxidase imprinting from maternal exposure.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use in native children in northern Saskatchewan, Canada.

We used a self-administered questionnaire to develop a profile of smokeless tobacco use among 1,170 Canadian native children aged 7 to 21 years attending schools situated in remote communities in northern Saskatchewan. Nearly 30% of the sample were current users of smokeless tobacco; more than 50% of users began to use these products before the age of 12 years. More males than females chewed tobacco or dipped snuff. The results revealed a relatively high prevalence of smokeless tobacco users among the present sample of native children and were found to be consistent with data from other studies of similarly aged native populations. The results also showed a prevailing pattern of addiction among the users of smokeless tobacco. It is suggested that educational programs aimed at preventing or reducing the use of tobacco products among native populations be intensified and as well, these programs would benefit from the active participation of trained native personnel.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

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