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Biomedical subjects

J Horácek

Publications and source records attributed to J Horácek.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Influence of different occupations with possible mutagenic effects on reproduction and level of induced chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood.

In a group of 200 dysfertile couples (400 persons), the possible role of different occupations in failures of reproduction was assessed. These couples were examined from different points of view, classical genetic examination (pedigree, kayrotype, etc.) included. The suspected genotoxic effects in the personal history were checked also by testing the level of induced chromosomal aberrations. A significantly increased level of induced chromosomal aberrations was detected in 37 persons, i.e., 9.3% of the whole group under study. The average level of induced aberration in these subjects was 6.8%, as opposed to the control group (fertile and dysfertile persons without any unusual exposure to mutagens) with a mean of 1.58% aberrant cells in peripheral blood. Most of the occupations with demonstrated genotoxic effects involve daily contact with chemicals of different types. In some persons also intensive therapy in the recent past had genotoxic effects.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1992

Efficacy of praziquantel treatment of schistosomiasis in a non-endemic country: a follow-up of parasitological, clinical and immunological parameters.

Schistosomiasis patients were immigrants to Czechoslovakia from Angola and Yemen. Most of them had light or moderate infections and felt subjectively healthy. They received treatment with praziquantel (two doses with a total of 40 mg/kg) and were followed up for several years. In nine of 13 patients, Schistosoma haematobium or S. mansoni eggs with undamaged miracidia were detected in biopsies from the bladder or the rectum one year or later after treatment. Granulomatous reactions in the rectum and bladder lesions of stage 1 including thickened bladder walls persisted in most of the patients. Antibody levels against adult S. mansoni worm antigen remained elevated for at least two years after therapy in some patients and declined in others. Among the nine patients, for whom pre- and post-treatment sera were available, the changes in relative levels of antibodies did not strictly correlate with the continued presence of schistosome eggs in, or their absence from, biopsies. We discuss the results obtained with sensitive diagnostic techniques in the absence of subjectively perceived disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix].

The authors published experience with the treatment of four patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix and an analysis of 20 patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix treated in the North Moravia region during a ten-year period (1980-1989). The incidence of the disease is rare. Usually it is manifested by symptoms imitating acute appendicitis. In exceptional instances there are other symptoms such as melaena, invagination, infiltration of neighbouring organs etc. Only rarely the disease is diagnosed during appendectomy. Most frequently an adenocarcinoma of the colonic type is involved with a tendency of rapid local spread. In that case right-sided hemicolectomy is the method of choice. In exceptional instances simple appendectomy is sufficient (mucinous type of adenocarcinoma, Dukes A). In advanced stages of the disease a palliative surgical operation may frequently suffice. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be always considered with regard to the stage of the disease and the general state of the patient. The prognosis is similar as in adenocarcinoma of the colon.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Analysis of communicable occupational diseases in the South Moravian Region 1975-1989].

In 1975 to 1989 in the South Moravian region 2732 communicable and parasitic diseases were diagnosed and notified. The long-term trend has a declining character. At the end of the period of investigation a decline to 43% of the initial level was recorded. As to the occupation of the affected subjects, 56% were health workers and 26% agricultural workers. The most frequent disease was in 43% viral hepatitis, in 20% trichophytosis, in 5% erysipeloid and in 4% tubera mulgentium. Health workers suffered most frequently from viral hepatitis; in 68% it was type B hepatitis. The mean age of the patients was 35.6 years. The authors analyzed the findings, discuss the criteria of occupational character according to the list of occupational diseases which is the appendix 1 of decree 149/1988 Sb.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of the biological behavior of uterine smooth muscle tumors].

Macroscopical and histological findings in 10 uterine leiomyosarcomas served for evaluation of their biological behaviour according to clinical data and contemporary histological criteria. The authors stressed a need of complex analysis in less definite cases and recommended considering other clinical, macroscopical and microscopical features of malignancy in addition to mitotic rate for diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Changes in plasma lipids, lipoproteins and utilization of energy substrates during continuous enteral nutrition with 50% medium chain triacylglycerols (Preciten MCT 50)].

Enteral nutrition (EN) containing part of the energy substrates in the form of triacylglycerols with medium chain fatty acids (MCT) has a number of advantages in particular in patients with an impaired utilization of energy and impaired nutrient absorption from the small intestine. The increased MCT supply reduces the risk of the development of shock lung, consumption coagulopathy and has a very favourable effect in patients with severe catabolism associated with Crohn's disease. On the other hand EN containing MCT may produce also some undesirable effects such as deterioration of glucose utilization in the liver, changes, on the composition of plasma lipids and lipoproteins and an undesirable thermogenic effect. Investigations of the effect of EN containing 50% of fat in the form of MCT (Preciten MCT 50R, Sandoz Nutrition-Wander) indicate that even an energy supply corresponding to 1.7 X REE in the form of EN with 50% MCT does not lead to a statistically significant rise of REE, does not produce a marked thermogenic effect and the value of the respiratory quotient (RQ) does not increase significantly. Already after 8 days of EN significant changes occur in the spectrum of lipids and lipoproteins characterized by a decline of high density lipoproteins HDL3 (p less than 0.05). The parallel decline of low density lipoproteins LDL and VLDL, however, is the reason why adverse changes of the atherogenic index do not occur.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1991

[Spontaneous perforation of the stomach in neonates].

The authors report on five neonates with perforation of the stomach manifested during the first two weeks of life. Four of the neonates had low birth weights. Asphyxia was proved in three neonates, in two histological examination revealed a congenital defect of the musculature of the gastric wall, in three a nasogastric tube was used. Causes which lead to gastric perforation in neonates are not uniform. Only by early diagnosis and surgical treatment the mortality can be reduced.

Female↗
PubMed1990

[Excretion of phenol and p-cresol in the urine in fasting obese individuals and in persons treated with total enteral nutrition].

In the literature it is maintained that phenol and p-cresol are produced in humans in the gut by bacteria from dietary protein. Both substances are absorbed from the small intestine and excreted in the urine. If the urinary output of phenol and p-cresol depends really on the dietary protein intake it should decline to zero values during fasting and correlate with the protein supply into the gut. The objective of the present work was therefore to investigate the urinary phenol and p-cresol excretion in fasting obese subjects (21 fasting subjects, 7 subjects with modified fasts--Nutramine R-350) and in subjects treated by complete enteral nutrition by a nasojejunal tube (8 patients with Crohn's disease, 8 with another disease of the gastrointestinal tract). Phenol and p-cresol in 24-hour urine specimens were assessed by gas chromatography in all four groups always on the 1st, 7th and 14th day. In fasting obese subjects the phenol and p-cresol values did not decline (the difference of values from the assumed zero value is significant z = 0.000055). There was no difference between patients with a complete and modified fast. The phenol and p-cresol values did not correlate mutually, nor with the protein intake, nitrogen balance and cumulated nitrogen balance. There are great individual differences in the urinary phenol and p-cresol excretion and it does not depend on the oral dietary protein intake, as hitherto assumed. It has most probably more complex causes and the decisive factor seems to be the metabolic activity of the intestinal bacterial microflora.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Initial experience with the use of monoclonal antibodies in the detection of cytomegalovirus early antigens in patients with transplants].

10 diabetics with kidney and pancreas transplantation (6) and with isolated kidney transplantation (4) underwent examination with the aim to produce evidence of cytomegalovirus excretion (CMV) by the urine. To prove the presence of CMV antigen, the authors used monoclonal antibody produced by DuPont. CMV was found to be present in the urine of 4 patients. The examination lasts max. 48 hrs. It yielded no evidence of interdependence between viruria and the serum levels of the CMV antibodies. Tests for CMV in biological material by means of monoclonal antibody is a modern and quick method which, unlike conventional virological procedures (serology, virus cultivation), plays an important part in clinical medicine.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

[Urinary excretion of phenol in Crohn disease during total parenteral nutrition].

Urinary phenol is a product of dietary tyrosine metabolism generated in the gut by bacteria. In our previous study we found in 42 patients with Crohn's disease a significantly higher level of urinary phenol in terminal ileitis and ileal resection when compared with Crohn's segmental colitis. Urinary phenol is believed to be extensively influenced by diet. For this purpose our present paper investigated urinary phenol in Crohn's disease before and after two weeks of total parenteral nutrition. Spectrophotometric analysis of urinary phenol was carried out in 10 patients (7 males, 3 females). They ranged from 24 to 40 (average 34.9) years of age. The patients received on an average 1.45 g of amino acids/kg/day (no tyrosine; 0.022 g of L-phenyl-alanine/kg/day), 25-30 kcal/kg/day (105-125 kJ/kg/day) in non-protein sources of energy, and fat-emulsions (80 g/day) twice a week. There was a significant decrease in the urinary phenol after two weeks of total parenteral nutrition (median 79.5, interquartile range 41.5 to 288.5 mumols/24 hours vs. median 37.5, interquartile range 0-93.5 mumols/24 hours), p = 0.032 using the paired t-test. In two patients with severe involvement of the gut, urinary phenol, though decreased, remained at higher levels (above 300 mumols/24 hours). A significant decrease of the urinary phenol can be explained in particular by exclusion of dietary proteins, although clinical and nutritional improvement was observed, too. However, persisting higher levels of urinary phenol in some patients with serious involvement of the gut may reflect the severity of Crohn's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[ECG changes in children with acute myocarditis].

The ECG changes in children with acute myocarditis have been reported. The individual case-reports were presented in brief, and the detailed descriptions of ECG changes have been made in all 5 patients. Following findings have been reflected: A-V blocks of I-III degrees, polytopic supraventricular and ventricular pseudocontractions, supraventricular tachyarrhythmias and repolarisation changes. Etiologically, the infection with Coxsackie virus from the B group was stated, one cyse of rheumatic carditis, and possible interrelation with varicella infection was discussed in one female patient.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Granulomatous processes in the lungs].

Findings of lung granulomas are not rare but their etiology may be embarrassing in autoptic and especially in bioptic material which is shown in two such cases: a 19-year old drug addict man practising intravenous administration of Alnagon pills and a 54-year old woman working with acrylonitrile fibres. Differential diagnosis of granulomas is discussed at large.

Acrylonitrile↗