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J Hovorka

Publications and source records attributed to J Hovorka.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Morphological changes of the presynaptic and postsynaptic element in excitatory synapses during kindling.

In a previous study of a kindling model using stimulation of the entorhinal cortex we found a redistribution of synaptic vesicles into the close vicinity of the active zone of synapses of Type I (Gray 1959) in the hippocampal gyrus dentatus. In this paper, ultrastructural studies of the same model are being continued using planimetry of the synaptic apparatus. A significant increase of the postsynaptic apparatus, area enlargement by 53%, increase of the perimeter by 28% and shape irregularity are being reported. No changes in shape or in size have been demonstrated in presynaptic structures or in the morphology of presynaptic mitochondria. These findings are discussed in relation to increased functional readiness of the synapses as signs of active reconstruction of the synaptic apparatus.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Nausea and vomiting after gynaecological laparoscopy depends upon the phase of the menstrual cycle.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting were compared in 68 women with regular menstrual periods undergoing gynaecological laparoscopy. The patients were divided into four group on the basis of the phase of the menstrual cycle as follows: premenstrum-menstrum (pre + menstrum) (Pd 25-6), early follicular phase (Pd 8-12), ovulatory phase (Pd 13-15) and luteal phase (Pd 20-24). The overall incidence of nausea and vomiting was 46%. Statistically significant differences in the incidence of nausea and retching were found among the groups by regression analysis. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was highest in women undergoing laparoscopy during the luteal phase (77%), which was greater than during the follicular phase (32%) or during pre + menstruation (18%). The need for antimetic was highest in women undergoing laparoscopy during the luteal phase (69%) and this was different from the follicular (18%, P less than 0.01) and pre + menstrum (19%, P less than 0.01) phases. It is concluded that the highest incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after gynaecological laparoscopy occurs during the luteal phase.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Tracheal intubation after induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone or propofol without muscle relaxants.

This study was designed to compare the ease of performing laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation without muscle relaxants after the induction of anaesthesia with either thiopentone or propofol in 106 patients scheduled for elective surgery. Thiopentone (5 mg/kg) or propofol (2.5 mg/kg), supplemented with lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg) and alfentanil (30 micrograms/kg), were used in random order for the induction of anaesthesia. Jaw tone, visualisation of the larynx, position of vocal cords, ease of intubation and tolerance of the tracheal tube were assessed. The jaw was relaxed and the vocal cords were immobile/open in most patients in both groups. Visualisation of the larynx was good in 60 and 46% and intubation was easy in 48 and 22% of the patients given thiopentone and propofol, respectively (P less than 0.05 between groups for intubation). After induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone or propofol, endotracheal intubation is not recommended without the use of muscle relaxants.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Changes in the configuration of synapses in the cerebral cortex in laboratory rats after termination of epileptic seizures during kindling].

The sensorimotor area of the cerebral cortex of the laboratory rat was repeatedly stimulated by electric current after 10-minute intervals which led to the development a gradual prolongation of self-sustained after-discharges (SSAD). One and 10 minutes after termination of the third SSAD the authors analyzed under the electron microscope synapses type I after to Gray from the second cortical homotopic area of the unstimulated hemisphere. They evaluated the curvature of the active zone of synapses. Evidence was provided that one minute after termination of the fit the number of negatively curved synapses increased and the number of synapses with a straight active zone decreased. The number of synapses with a positively curved active zone does not change. Ten minutes after termination of SSAD in the experimental animals the number of positively curved elements declines and the number of negatively curved synapses increases. There is no significant difference in the number of synapses with a straight active zone. The authors discuss possible functional consequences of the mentioned changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The experience of the person ventilating the lungs does influence postoperative nausea and vomiting.

One hundred and ninety-eight patients undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy were anaesthetized with isoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen. Ventilation before endotracheal intubation was carried out either by an experienced senior or by an inexperienced junior member of the anaesthetic team. The incidence and severity of emesis (none, nausea, retching or vomiting) were assessed five times during the first 24 h after operation. Patients whose lungs had been ventilated by experienced members of staff had significantly less (P less than 0.05 to 0.01) postoperative emesis in the recovery room (incidence of emesis 35%) and 2-6 h after operation (incidence 27%) when compared to patients whose lungs had been ventilated by inexperienced members of staff (incidence of emesis 54% and 40% in the recovery room and after 2 to 6 h, respectively). The results suggest that the experience of the person ventilating the lungs is associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Gastric aspiration at the end of anaesthesia does not decrease postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Two hundred and one women undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy were anaesthetised with isoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen. At the end of anaesthesia the stomach was aspirated in half of the patients, selected in random order. In the other half no aspiration was performed. Incidence and severity of emesis (none, nausea, retching or vomiting) was assessed during the first 24 hours after operation. Emesis was similar after the operation regardless of aspiration of the stomach (overall emesis, 79% and 70% for those whose stomach had and had not been aspirated, respectively). The incidence at all times during the 24 hours was similar in both groups. The results suggest that gastric aspiration at the end of anaesthesia has no major effect on the incidence or severity of postoperative emesis in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Are there morphological changes in presynaptic terminals of kindled rats?

Excitatory synapses were studied in the hippocampal dentate gyrus ipsilateral to the stimulated entorhinal cortex in fully kindled rats 2 weeks after the last (3rd) stage 5 seizure. No change was observed in the absolute number of synaptic vesicles. On the other hand, marked redistribution of the vesicles in the synaptic apparatus was found, with a shift to a strategic position in the vicinity of the synaptic cleft. This redistribution evidently makes it possible to increase the supply of neurotransmitter needed for hyperfunction of the synaptic apparatus in kindling.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Nitrous oxide does not increase nausea and vomiting following gynaecological laparoscopy.

The effect of three different anaesthetic techniques on the incidence and severity of postoperative emesis (nausea, retching and vomiting) was studied in 150 patients undergoing gynaecological laparoscopy. Patients were anaesthetized with isoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen (Group A), enflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen (Group B) or with isoflurane in air and oxygen (Group C). Groups had been predetermined by date of birth. During the first 24 hours after the operation no difference was found at any time in the incidence or severity of emesis among the groups. The overall incidence of emesis during the first 24 hours postoperatively was 54, 48 and 52 per cent, in groups A, B and C, respectively. It is concluded that nitrous oxide does not increase the incidence of emesis after isoflurane anaesthesia and that isoflurane and enflurane anaesthesia are associated with similar incidences of nausea and vomiting after gynaecological laparoscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Helminthozoonoses in Slovakia 1981-1987].

The incidence of helminthozoonoses in the Slovak Socialist Republic over the years 1981--1987 was assessed on the basis of reports submitted by health and veterinary organizations. The incidence of taeniases exhibited a decreasing trend over the period studied. The occurrence rate of cysticercosis in slaughter cattle was irregularly increasing from 0.65% to 0.90%. Echinococcosis in humans was established only sporadically (4 cases). In animals its extensity was decreasing and dropped to 0.22% in slaughter pigs and to 0.70% in sheep and goats. Trichinosis showed an endemic occurrence (13 cases). Larval toxocariasis increased from 6 to 129 seropositive cases. Hymenolepiasis was diagnosed only in the East Slovakian Region (0.06 to 1.46 cases per 100,000 inhabitants). (Fig. 5, Ref. 3.)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Nausea and vomiting after general anaesthesia with isoflurane, enflurane or fentanyl in combination with nitrous oxide and oxygen.

One-hundred and eighty patients undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy were anaesthetized in random order with isoflurane, enflurane or fentanyl in combination with nitrous oxide and oxygen. Incidence and severity of emetic sequelae (none, nausea, retching or vomiting) were studied during the first 24 h after the operation. Patients who received isoflurane had significantly (P less than 0.01) less emetic sequelae (27%) during the first 2 h in the recovery room compared with patients who received enflurane (45%) or fentanyl (48%). There was no difference between the groups in the overall incidence of emetic sequelae during the time period of 2-24 h post-operatively (isoflurane 65%, enflurane 77% and fentanyl 77%). Significantly (P less than 0.02) more patients had emetic sequelae if they had experienced nausea or had vomited after previous anaesthetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Modifying effects of epidural analgesia or general anesthesia on the stress hormone response to laparoscopy for in vitro fertilization.

Modifying effects of epidural analgesia and general anesthesia on stress hormone release was studied during laparoscopy for in vitro fertilization (IVF). In 24 women follicle development was stimulated by clomiphene and gonadotropin treatment, and oocytes were collected by laparoscopy under epidural analgesia in 11 women and under fentanyl-supplemented nitrous oxide-oxygen anesthesia in 13. The plasma levels of immunoreactive beta-endorphin (ir beta-E), cortisol, and prolactin (PRL) did not change under epidural analgesia per se, but after the start of laparoscopy, increased release of all these stress hormones was observed. General anesthesia per se increased the release of PRL, whereas the release of cortisol and ir beta-E decreased, probably due to the effects of fentanyl and thiopentone. During the stress attributed to laparoscopy, significantly more ir beta-E and cortisol was released under epidural than under general anesthesia, whereas the release of PRL was more significant under general anesthesia. These results show that neither mode of anesthesia prevented the stress response to laparoscopy. In the subsequent midluteal phase, the mean plasma level of progesterone and the mean progesterone-estradiol ratio were significantly greater in the epidural than in the general anesthesia group, suggesting that the mode of anesthesia may have an effect on the luteal phase. The significance of this difference on the conception rate remained unsolved, however.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Buprenorphine as premedication and as analgesic during and after light isoflurane-N2O-O2 anaesthesia. A comparison with oxycodone plus fentanyl.

Sixty patients undergoing gynaecological laparotomies under isoflurane anaesthesia received 0.4 mg of buprenorphine sublingually or 0.12 mg/kg of oxycodone intramuscularly in random order for preanaesthetic medication. Patients premedicated with buprenorphine were given buprenorphine before, during and after anaesthesia and patients premedicated with oxycodone received fentanyl before and during anaesthesia and oxycodone after anaesthesia. Buprenorphine premedication produced less drowsiness and sedation and alleviated patients' apprehension significantly (P less than 0.05) less than oxycodone. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were significantly (P less than 0.05 to P less than 0.01) higher after intubation in the buprenorphine group when compared with the oxycodone plus fentanyl group. After anaesthesia, spontaneous respiration started rapidly; the return of consciousness and immediate recovery occurred at the same rate in both groups. In the recovery room moderate to severe pain was more common (P less than 0.05) in the oxycodone plus fentanyl group than in the buprenorphine group. The respiratory rate in the recovery room was lower among patients given buprenorphine, and two patients given buprenorphine developed severe respiratory depression. In the ward (2 to 24 h after operation) sublingual buprenorphine provided pain relief as good as intramuscularly administered oxycodone. No differences were noted in the incidence or severity of emetic symptoms between the groups. It is concluded that buprenorphine can provide good postoperative pain relief for gynaecological laparotomies performed under light isoflurane anaesthesia, but patients need to be monitored carefully after operation because of the possibility of respiratory depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Nitrous oxide does not increase the incidence of nausea and vomiting after isoflurane anesthesia.

A total of 110 patients undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy were anesthetized in random order with either isoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen or isoflurane in air and oxygen. Fentanyl was used as an adjunct to isoflurane in all patients, 0.05 mg every 45 min. No difference was found between the two anesthetic techniques in the incidence of nausea, vomiting, or both during the first 24 hr after operation. The overall incidence was 62 and 67% for air-O2 and N2O-O2 groups, respectively. Patients who had had nausea or vomiting after previous anesthetics had nausea or vomiting significantly more frequently than patients who did not. It is concluded that nitrous oxide does not contribute to the occurrence of nausea or vomiting after isoflurane anesthesia for gynecologic laparotomies.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Effect of fenbendazole (Panacur) in sheep naturally invaded by gastrointestinal and lung nemtaodes].

The paper presents the results of the clinical tests of fenbendazole (Panacur, produced by Hoechst, F. R. G.), a new antihelminthic preparation. The tests were performed in sheep naturally invaded by gastrointestinal and lung nematodes. Helminthological dissection performed 7 days after the application of 5 mg of fenbendazole per 1 kg of sheep weight proved 100% effectiveness on lungworms (Dictyocaulus filaria) and on the following gastrointestinal helminths: Ostertagia ostertagi, Haemonchus contortus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Strongyloides papilosus, Chabertia ovina, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Trichostrongylus spp., and Nematodirus filicollis. The effect on the Trichocephalus ovis species was low and statistically insignificant (37.8%). The tolerance to the chemical was good even in sheep in a very bad condition.

Animals↗