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J Howieson

Publications and source records attributed to J Howieson.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
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[Seizures in premature and newborn infants under 2,500 grams birth weight].

Seizures in premature babies pose a special problem which occur more often than in term neonates. The data of 156 neonates weighing less than 2 500 grams consecutively admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit during a 6 month period were evaluated. 33 infants (21%), of whom 21 were less than 31 weeks of gestational age suffered from seizures. Almost all of these 33 infants had a very bad outcome. Only 9 of them survived and only 4 showed normal development. In 26 infants a CT or brain autopsy was performed. The outcome was influenced by the presence of intraventricular haemorrhage. But even those preterm neonates without morphological abnormalities of the brain have only a small chance of developing normally in the presence of seizures. The EEG is an important diagnostic tool: Most of the patients showed paroxysmal activity. The background activity of the interictal EEG has prognostic value even in the preterm infant. There is, however, discrepancy between the EEG and the morphological findings. Therefore the EEG has to be seen as functional test which gives important additional information beyond brain imaging methods.

Apgar Score↗
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Intracranial meningioma.

This case shows many of the imaging features classically associated with meningiomas. The illustrations show common location, shape, and local effects as well as enhancement characteristics. Hyperostosis and bone destruction, a fluid "cleft" surrounding the extraaxial mass, gray-white interface displacement, and secondary intraparenchymal changes are correlated with gross pathology findings. These key features are summarized in Table 1 and the composite anatomic diagram (Fig. 6).

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR of primary CNS lymphoma in immunologically normal patients.

PURPOSE: To describe the MR findings of primary CNS lymphoma. METHODS: MR scans of 20 patients with histologically proved primary CNS lymphoma were reviewed. We evaluated the size, multiplicity, signal intensities, and enhancement characteristics of the lesions. We divided the lesions into an enhancing area referred to as Zone 1 and abnormal signal surrounding this, referred to as Zone 2. RESULTS: Primary CNS lymphoma presented as solitary enhancing lesions in 40% of the patients and multiple lesions in 40%. Thirty-three separate lesions were visible: 58% abutted the ventricular system, 76% showed a homogenous enhancement pattern, and 79% showed marked enhancement. In 64% of the lesions, Zone 1 and Zone 2 showed different signal intensities on T1-weighted images. CONCLUSIONS: Primary CNS lymphoma usually presents as solitary or multiple dense homogenous enhancing lesions that abut an ependymal surface. These lesions can be divided into an enhancing area and an area of surrounding abnormal signal. These two areas often have different signal intensities on unenhanced T2-weighted images. These findings are sufficiently suggestive of the diagnosis of primary CNS lymphoma that a needle biopsy be performed based on these findings and appropriate therapy can then be instituted.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT demonstration of extracranial carotid artery aneurysms.

Aneurysms arising from the extracranial carotid arteries are uncommon lesions. Clinically, they may present as lateral masses in the superior cervical area, as medial masses in the tonsillar fossa or parapharyngeal region, or as a mass palpable in both areas. Tenderness or pain may or may not be present. Pulsation is usually detectable. Embolic neurological episodes are a common event leading to discovery of these lesions. Etiologies include trauma, atherosclerosis, fibromuscular dysplasia, infection, and congenital predisposing factors. We report the CT appearance of this condition in three patients. In all three patients (four aneurysms) the CT findings were characteristic. Thus far, we have discovered only one account in the English literature that included the CT demonstration of an extracranial carotid aneurysm.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interuncal distance: marker of aging and Alzheimer disease.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the utility of a recently reported simple measure of brain atrophy on MR imaging, the interuncal distance (IUD). METHODS: Measurements of the IUD were made over a 12-month interval in 10 patients with probable early Alzheimer disease and in a comparison group of age-matched healthy control subjects. The measurements were made in both the transaxial and coronal planes. RESULTS: Significant group differences for the coronal measurement of IUD were found in both the absolute value of the measurement and the IUD corrected for head size. There was overlap in IUD between the disease and the control groups. These differences were not found for the transaxial IUD. Significant positive correlations of the IUD with Mini-Mental State Examination score and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale stage were observed. Over the age range tested, age was not significantly correlated with IUD in the sample. CONCLUSIONS: The interuncal distance (IUD) is not a useful screening measurement for Alzheimer disease.

Aged↗