Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Huck.
beta-N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-N-carboxyanhydrides are very reactive beta-amino acid derivatives. They react cleanly and smoothly with different nucleophiles like aminoesters, enolates, N-methyl-d-glucamine, amidoximes to afford in good to excellent yields peptides, beta-amino ketocompounds, beta-aminosugars and functionalized disubstituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles.
A general method has been developed for the synthesis of N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl N-carboxyanhydrides from beta-amino acids using Vilsmeier complex. These beta-UNCA are stable, and the reactivity with different nucleophiles (alcohol, amine, lithium enolate) was studied.
Many stroke victims suffer hemiplegia. The type and location of apparel fasteners (e.g. buttons) are important to facilitate dressing for persons with hemiplegia. This study evaluated a series of garments with different fastener types and locations using hemiplegic subjects. The experimental design was a 3 x 3 + 1 factorial complete randomized block design with a control. Fastener type and location were independent variables. Dependent variables were: (1) time required to open and close the fasteners, (2) number of fasteners opened and closed, (3) and subjective responses to a questionnaire. The subjects for this study were ten stroke victims with hemiplegia. Results indicated significant differences for fastener type and location. These results should aid apparel manufacturers to provide more functional apparel for persons with hemiplegia due to stroke, as well as those responsible for selecting and/or helping to dress persons with hemiplegia due to stroke.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate alternative designs and liner configurations in fire-fighter protective clothing, or 'turnout gear', to determine the restriction to wearer movement imposed by each. The independent variables were: (1) two alternative sleeve designs (i e, a 'traditional' sleeve design and a prototype sleeve design, featuring additional gusset width and altered armseye position) plus a station uniform worm without any protective clothing and/or equipment; (2) three liner configuration variations (i e, a 'traditional' liner configuration, incorporation of one additional liner, and incorporation of two additional liners); and (3) wearing or not wearing an SCBA (self-contained breathing apparatus). The dependent variables for this study were: (1) range of movement in four upper body joints; and (2) a semantic differential scale to evaluate wearers' subjective evaluation of each protective ensemble. Nine male subjects were used. For each of the four joint movements measured (i e, shoulder flexion/extension, shoulder adduction/abduction, shoulder rotation, elbow flexion/extension), a Leighton Flexometer was strapped to the subject at the appropriate body location. The subject was instructed to take the body position indicated. A reading was taken, then the subject was asked to move the body segment to the fullest extent possible in the direction indicated by the researcher. A second reading (representing range of movement) was taken. This procedure was repeated three times for each movement. After the test, subjects were instructed to fill out a semantic differential scale which described their subjective evaluations of the clothing/ equipment configuration. Results showed greater wearer range of movement in the elbow area for the prototype sleeve design over the more traditional sleeve design. Incorporation of additional liners resulted in higher wearer acceptability for the turnout coats than when these liners were not used. As expected, use of an SCBA was extremely restrictive to mobility, and made the protective ensemble less acceptable to wearers.
To allow designers to evaluate presently available protective clothing systems (as well as aiding the development of less restrictive systems), it is necessary to develop evaluation techniques to quantify the loss of mobility associated with wearing protective clothing. Using fire fighter turnout gear, this study illustrated the application of the Leighton Flexometer for the measurement of restriction to body movement caused by wearing protective clothing and equipment. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences in restriction to body movement between the designs of protective clothing and equipment configurations tested. Additionally, correlation coefficients between trials established values for tes-retest reliability.
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