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Biomedical subjects

J Huggare

Publications and source records attributed to J Huggare.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Associations between atlantoaxial and craniomandibular anatomy.

Roentgen-cephalometric studies have shown that anatomical features of the craniocervical junction are associated with head posture, cranial base angulation, and mandibular shape and growth. The aim of the present work was to study relationships between atlantoaxial and craniofacial morphology based on macroscopical observations of skeletal material derived from 38 prehistoric Polynesian and 53 prehistoric Thai people. The two uppermost cervical vertebrae and the mandible of each individual were studied macroscopically and each skull base was analyzed on cephalometric X-rays in lateral projection. The height of the atlantal anterior and posterior arches displayed a significant negative correlation with the cranial base angulation, in that the higher the arches the steeper the flexure between the sphenoidal/clival and clival/foraminal planes. None of the axial variables were associated with the cranial base angulation. The height of the atlantal posterior arch was also associated with the mandibular length, ramal height and gonial angle. Thus, in general, a high arch was seen in conjunction with a long, high and square shaped mandible, whereas a low arch was usually found together with a short and low mandible characterized by an obtuse jaw angle. The anterior height of the axis (vertebral mass + dens) was significantly associated with mandibular length and ramal height. It is suggested that these results are evidence of the intimate ontogenetic development of the atlas and the cranial base, and a reflection of the functional relationship between atlas and cranium.

Anthropology↗
PubMed1995

Sleeping positions and dental arch dimensions in children with suspected obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

The present paper analyzed the association between children's sleeping positions and dental arch morphology. The sleeping patterns of 27 children, aged 3 to 10 yr, suspected of having the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) were studied by polysomnography (PSG) and videotape recordings under laboratory conditions. The PSG recordings were used to calculate the apnea index (AI) and the relative time spent sleeping on the back, and the videotapes to categorize distinctly different sleep and head postures. Plaster casts were made for the assessment of dental arch morphology. Sleeping predominantly on one's back, was associated with a reduced maxillary intercanine width, while prolonged head extension during sleep correlated inversely with the overjet. The subjects with the highest AI scores (> 4) had larger dental arches. We suggest that sleeping on the back causes a more posterior tongue position, reducing its moulding effect on the anterior dental arch. As nasopharyngeal airway obstruction in OSAS-patients might trigger an anterior tongue position to secure a free airway passage, there will be increased lingual pressure on the dental arches, leading to their dimensional increase.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Congenital absence of the atlas posterior arch. A case report.

A report of a healthy young adult woman with non-pathological congenital absence of the lateral and posterior parts of the atlas is presented. This occurred in association with a steep mandibular plane angle and an extremely obtuse gonial angle. Similar facial features are common in females with hypoplastic dorsal arches, and this case illustrates the intimate developmental association between the upper part of the cervical spine and the craniofacial complex.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Craniocervical junction as a focus for craniofacial growth studies.

The craniocervical junction is a highly specialized unit simultaneously supporting head during movements in all planes and protecting the spinal cord. Anatomically, it includes an atlantoaxial complex, part of which embryonically arises from the occipital region of the skull. This review deals with the gross anatomy, kinematics, and growth reactions associated with functional alteration in this complex. Particular attention is paid to the atlas, the connecting element between the head and the vertebral column proper. From several studies it is concluded that the horizontal growth of the atlas is regulated by synchondroseal growth, whereas the vertical growth is determined by appositional growth. Some vertebral anomalies and concomitant anomalies of the cranial base are reported, to point out the ontogenetic integration between the skull base and the craniocervical junction. The high frequencies of atlantal posterior arch deficiency in cleft palate patients have led to speculations about common etiologic factors in these conditions.

Atlanto-Axial Joint↗
PubMed1995

Growth of the cranial vault: influence of intracranial and extracranial pressures.

The cranial vault is composed of several flat membranous bones whose growth is mainly a result of the activity in the interposing sutures. The reactions of the calvarium and cranial base to provoke stimuli of the sutures differ depending on their developmental stage. In this report the effects of pressure, exerted extracranially by means of mechanical forces or intracranially by means of hydrodynamic fluctuations, are described.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

Asymmetry in the human skeleton. A study on prehistoric Polynesians and Thais.

Atlantal, long bone, and craniofacial measurements of prehistoric Polynesian and Thai skeletons were analysed to ascertain the extent and direction of bilateral asymmetry. The atlantal articular mass was constantly and significantly higher on the right side than on the left. In Thais, the midlongitudinal axis of the atlanto-occipital facet on the right side had a steeper inclination than that on the left. In both groups the dental occlusion was less mesial on the right side and the mandible was shorter, significantly so in the Thais. The long bones were more asymmetric in the Polynesians than in the Thais. Height asymmetry of atlas lateral tuberculum correlated inversely with mandibular ramal width asymmetry. Atlanto-occipital facet length asymmetry correlated with asymmetry of the gonial angle and facet angulation asymmetry correlated inversely with radial length asymmetry. Our results suggest a pervading asymmetry of skeletal structures which we ascribe as local adaptations to functional demands rather than as due to a uniform asymmetric growth pattern.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Association of recurrent acute otitis media with nasopharynx dimensions in children.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that the nasopharyngeal anatomy has influence in the risk of recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) attacks. We analysed the occurrence of acute otitis media in 238 healthy schoolchildren who were X-rayed for orthodontic purposes. Six measurements reflecting the size and shape of the bony nasopharynx were recorded from lateral cephalograms. The means for almost all the dimensions of the bony nasopharynx measured were smaller in the children with two or more attacks of AOM in their history than in those with no attack or only one attack. Logistic multivariate modelling showed the distance from the posterior nasal spine to the sella-basion line to be a significant risk factor for recurrent otitis media in girls (difference 1.0 mm; 95 per cent confidence interval 0.1-2.0 mm; p = 0.04) and the shape of the nasopharynx (roundness) in boys (difference 1.9 mm; 95 per cent confidence interval 0.1-4.0 mm; p = 0.01). Measuring the nasopharyngeal bony dimensions may help to identify those children with a risk of recurrent otitis media, at whom prophylactic therapies should be targeted.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Head and cervical spine postures in complete denture wearers.

Signs and symptoms in the stomatognathic system and head and cervical spine postures were evaluated in 10 edentulous patients prior to renewal of their dentures, as well as immediately and six months after insertion of new dentures. Natural head posture was recorded using the fluid-level method and measured from the roentgen cephalograms. It was shown that the variables duration of edentulousness and free-way space displayed positive correlations with the dysfunction symptoms. In addition, the patients who needed oral rehabilitation the most, who received the greatest reduction in their free-way space, were seen to have raised their heads more than average. There was also an inverse correlation between the reduction of clinical dysfunction index score and cervical spine postures.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of dental arch dimensions in children from southern and northern Finland.

The purpose of this survey was to determine whether children in northern Finland had different dental arch dimensions from children in southern Finland. Dental casts of 9-year-old healthy children from Helsinki (southern Finland) and from Oulu and Sodankylä (northern Finland) were measured. Each group contained 41 subjects who had received no orthodontic treatment. The children from Sodankylä and Oulu had narrower dental arches and greater palatal heights than those from Helsinki. The lengths and perimeters of dental arches were significantly shorter in the children from Sodankylä than in those from Helsinki. We suggest these differences could have resulted from adaptation to different climatic conditions, affecting modes of breathing.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1992

Population differences in the morphology of the first cervical vertebra.

Cephalometric radiographs from 180 healthy Caucasian females, 90 of whom lived in the north of Finland and 90 in the south, were analysed with respect to the morphology of the atlas vertebra. The main findings were a smaller dorsal arch height and a larger ventral arch height in those from the north, including a longer atlas vertebra. These results are interpreted as evidence of morphogenetic reactions to changes in function, in this case a raised head posture attributable to climatic conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Association between morphology of the first cervical vertebra, head posture, and craniofacial structures.

In order to test the assumption of an association between the anatomy of the first cervical vertebra, the atlas, and dentofacial build, roentgen-cephalograms of 78 young adults with either a markedly high or a low atlas dorsal arch were analysed with regard to head posture, and cervicovertebral and dentofacial anatomy. The high and low dorsal arch groups each comprised 22 women and 17 men. The head was more extended in the low arch groups and particularly so among the women, in whose low arch group there was a tendency for the cervical spine to be inclined more forward. Both the dorsal arch and the dens of the second vertebra were vertically smaller in the low arch groups, and more so among the men. Vertebral length was reduced more in the women, however. The clival plane was more parallel to the foraminal plane in the low arch groups and the gonial angle was more obtuse. Furthermore, the women with low arches showed a steepened mandibular plane, a backward-rotated condylar head, a decrease in the ratio of posterior to anterior face height, smaller vertical overbite and reduced proclination of the lower incisors. The prevalence of severe malocclusions was higher than in the corresponding high arch group.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Head posture and dentofacial morphology in subjects treated for scoliosis.

Head posture and dentofacial status of sixteen females and six males 12 to 34 years of age, who had been treated for scoliosis with a Boston-brace in their teens was investigated clinically and radiologically. When compared to an age and sex-matched sample the main findings were an increased craniocervical angle, particularly in frontal view; rotated orbital, maxillary and mandibular planes, a midline shift of the lower dental arch and a flattened atlas dorsal arch combined with an elongation of the dens axis. There was also a high prevalence of lateral malocclusions and developmentally missing premolars among the scoliotic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Craniofacial morphology in untreated shunt-treated hydrocephalic children.

Craniofacial morphology was studied in 45 shunt-treated hydrocephalic children and 7 untreated hydrocephalic patients. A sample of 74 normal children from northern Finland were used as controls. Following shunt treatment the sella turcica became shallow and J-shaped. The cranial base angles changed markedly during shunt treatment. The cranial base angles were more obtuse in untreated patients than in control subjects, whereas the opposite was the case in shunt treated patients. The Nasion-Sella-Basion angle was 143.4 degrees in untreated hydrocephalic patients, 132.6 degrees in normal subjects and 127.9 in shunt-treated hydrocephalics. The changes in cranial base angles appeared to be progressive during a two-year follow-up period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The first cervical vertebra as an indicator of mandibular growth.

The association between the morphology of the first cervical vertebra, the atlas, and the direction of mandibular growth is studied by analysing two sets of lateral roentgenocephalograms--one comprising 18 non-treated children and another comprising 18 orthodontically treated subjects divided into three groups with regard to mandibular growth rotation. Among the non-treated cases there was a significant correlation between horizontal growth of the mandible during a two-year period and the initial height of the atlas dorsal arch. The treated subjects with forward mandibular rotation during treatment, demonstrated a significantly higher pretreatment dorsal arch than the subjects with either no rotation or a backward mandibular rotation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Head posture and dentofacial asymmetries in surgically treated muscular torticollis patients.

Muscular torticollis is a medically well-known condition that is usually diagnosed in early childhood and in which early surgical intervention is recommended to prevent the development of facial asymmetries. The purpose of this study is to examine head posture and possible dentofacial asymmetries in patients who have undergone surgical treatment for muscular torticollis in early childhood. Natural head position roentgenograms were taken in frontal projection, a clinical examination of oral status was performed, and dental casts were made. Marked craniofacial and dental asymmetries were observed, combined with a deviant head posture, in spite of surgical treatment for muscular torticollis earlier in childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Natural head position recording on frontal skull radiographs.

This paper sets out to evaluate the variability and reproducibility of frontal head position in healthy young adults. Two posteroanterior skull radiographs of 22 dental students and 2 frontal photographs of these and 24 other students, taken at a 1-week interval, were analyzed with regard to head position and cervical spine inclination. Head position varied in the range of +/- 5 degrees with regard to the vertical. The cervical spine was more often inclined to the right than to the left. The reproducibility of the head position with regard to the craniovertical angle was 1.15 degrees and that of the craniocervical and cervicohorizontal angles 0.93 degrees and 1.45 degrees, respectively. Any deviation in the frontal head position tended to be spontaneously corrected on looking in a mirror. It is concluded that the frontal head position is slightly more accurately reproducible than the sagittal head position. The use of a mirror in front of the patient when recording the frontal natural head position is not to be recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cranial base morphology in untreated hydrocephalics.

Cephalostat radiographs of five untreated adult hydrocephalic patients were studied in order to explain events related to increased intracranial pressure and to differentiate them from those following shunt treatment. The hypophyseal fossa appeared to be well formed in every patient and no shallow fossa was found. The tip of the dorsum sella was rounded. The distances from the nasion to the sella region were increased, but those from the basion were decreased. The hypophyseal fossa was depressed inferiorly. The cranial base angle was more obtuse than in normal subjects or shunt-treated patients. The findings seem to indicate that a shallow. J-shaped sella results from the combined effect of the hydrocephalic condition and the shunt treatment, which cause a shortening of the anterior cranial base and move the fossa upwards and posteriorly away from the sphenoid bone.

Adult↗