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Biomedical subjects

J Hugo

Publications and source records attributed to J Hugo.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

A comparison of the ball rebound characteristics of wooden and composite cricket bats at three approach speeds.

The primary aim of this study was to compare the rebound characteristics of wooden and composite cricket bats. The rebound characteristics of two 'experimental' bats manufactured from composite material were compared with three English willow bats and one Kashmir willow bat. The bats were tested using a specially designed testing rig, which propelled a 156 g Kookaburra cricket ball at three impact speeds: fast-medium, 67 km x h(-1); fast, 101 km x h(-1); and express, 131 km x h(-1) on to the bats mounted in position so that the ball impacts occurred at the position where the blade of the bats was the thickest. The rebound characteristics of the bats were calculated by measuring the approach and rebound speeds of the ball as it passed through a light beam positioned a short distance away from the point of impact. The statistical software package SAS was used to test for significant differences (p < 0.05) between the average rebound characteristics of the bats. Further, Scheffé's method was used as a post hoc comparison to determine whether differences existed between the composite and willow bats. When the composite and traditional willow bats were compared, the results showed no significant differences between the three average approach speeds, while the composite bats showed significantly smaller rebound speeds and coefficient of restitution at all three approach speeds. Thus, the rebound characteristics of the composite bats were significantly less than the traditionally designed English willow wooden bats and would not enhance performance by allowing the batsman to hit the ball harder, assuming all other factors, such as bat speed, mass distribution and the impact point, were the same for the bats. Further study is required to determine the physical properties of composite and wooden bats to enhance their impact characteristics.

Aluminum↗
PubMed2001

AIDS--the way forward.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2000

A grading model for media appropriateness and cultural sensitivity in health education.

Many forms of media used in health education today have only a limited effect in promoting a healthy lifestyle. One of the reasons for this is the lack of formative assessment instruments to identify weak points in the media that are used. Another problem is the insufficient attention paid to different socio-cultural variables in choosing suitable media for particular audiences in a culturally diverse society. This article presents a model for grading media appropriateness and cultural sensitivity in health education. The model is based on the interaction between three cornerstones, namely the principles of health education, appropriate media and technology, and socio-cultural sensitivity. A strong point of this model is its flexibility, because it can be combined with other instruments for formative assessment of different health learning materials.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1998

Making media messages more suitable for health education in the African context.

The design of appropriate health education messages and materials is not an easy task, because a complex range of interrelated variables determine the level of message appropriateness. This article focuses on the socio-cultural dimension of health education message design. Messages that are perceived as culturally inappropriate could lose credibility among certain audiences and could even lead to polarization of health beliefs and reinforce high risk behaviour in some communities. Apart from theoretical viewpoints and principles, the article presents examples of appropriate visuals and text within the African context. Practical guidelines are offered to improve the appropriateness of media messages for health education in Africa.

Africa↗
PubMed1996

Health learning materials support in South Africa compared with other developing countries.

Actions to promote media use for education at all levels in developing countries have to cope with a number of deterrents like the lack of appropriate audiovisual materials and a media support infrastructure. In the early eighties the World Health Organization and United Nations Development Programme initiated a capacity building project to enable developing countries to generate sufficient instructional and learning materials for medical and health education. Since South Africa is still a non-participator in the programme, this article presents the findings of a recent survey to get a global picture of health learning materials support in developing countries as a possible model for South Africa.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1996

Prioritizing guidelines for health education message design.

Appropriateness is an important principle in instructional materials design for medical and health education. Experience has shown that this is probably one of the most difficult requirements to meet, particularly when the messages are for audiences with diversely different socio-cultural profiles. A study was done to identify the most important principles for health education message design, in order to extend the theoretical basis in this field. The results produced new insights, based upon the view points of media specialists (as producers of health education materials) and nutrition educationists (as a group of media users).

Guidelines as Topic↗
PubMed1995

Developing a research strategy for child accident prevention via a cross-cultural picture card game.

This article discusses the research strategy applied during development of an educational picture card game for child accident prevention in South Africa. Preliminary results indicate that the strategy is appropriate and that the game may produce changes in children's knowledge and attitudes on this topic. It could be a valuable learning resource for promoting child health across different cultures.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1994

Ethnic-based learner response to child accident prevention illustrations.

This article presents findings of a field study during development of audiovisual learning materials for child accident prevention in South Africa. The results indicate some common features, on the one hand, as well as specific differences, on the other hand, in the appropriateness of instructional illustrations for children across certain ethnic and language groups.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1991

Relating media with staff development in medical education.

Medical education nowadays experiences an increasing gap between the potential didactic value of educational technology and the practical implementation thereof. One of the important obstacles is the tendency to separate media and media agencies from staff development. A new conceptual model was designed for staff development in medical education, which incorporates media as one of the fundamental components. In application of this model the Bureau for Medical and Dental Education at the University of Stellenbosch medical school directs its media activities and services to the improvement of instruction and learning. For example instead of only offering technical audio-visual production services, medical teachers are also taught how to use different media effectively in teaching and learning. In this way media are directly related to staff development.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1991

Facing visual illiteracy in South African health education: a pilot study.

Medical and health educators in South Africa are facing many problems. These are caused by the diverse communication characteristics and socioeconomic, as well as educational, differences of its communities. Visual literacy is often ignored when audiovisual media are used in medical and health education. Consequently, communication and education fail because some target groups, e.g. illiterate patients from rural areas, are unable to interpret visual messages correctly. This study determined to what extent illiterate female patients were able to interpret instructional illustrations on breast feeding. Findings indicate that visual literacy is a key factor in effective medical and health education. There was a distinct variation in the visual literacy skills of this particular target group. The implication is that extreme care must be taken when visual materials are designed for health education in South Africa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Lack of efficacy of the standard potency Edmonston-Zagreb live, attenuated measles vaccine in African infants.

The efficacy of standard potency Edmonston-Zagreb (E-Z) measles vaccine was tested in a randomized trial of Black infants in a rural area of South Africa where a measles epidemic was occurring. The following immunization schedules were used: 48 infants aged 4-8.5 months who received 3.9 log 50 infectious units of E-Z vaccine (group A); 48 infants aged 4-8.5 months who received 3.28 log 50 infectious units of Schwarz vaccine (group B); and 28 infants aged greater than 9 months who received 3.28 log 50 infectious units of Schwarz vaccine and served as controls (group C). For infants aged less than 23 weeks who were given either the E-Z or Schwarz vaccine, the number of seropositives was low (28%), irrespective of the pre-vaccination level of measles antibody. There was a higher number of seropositives (68%) among those in the age range greater than 23 weeks to less than 36 weeks who received the E-Z vaccine rather than the Schwarz vaccine (36%). When administered to children aged greater than 36 weeks, the Schwarz vaccine produced a satisfactory, though suboptimal response rate (61%). There was no correlation between seropositivity and pre-vaccination measles antibody status. Use of the standard dose of E-Z vaccine may have been one of the factors for this poor response, and this supports the WHO recommendation that titres higher than the standard potency vaccine are needed if 6-month-old infants are to be successfully immunized against measles.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

First demonstration of porphyrins in the lacrimal glands: similarity to the Harderian gland.

The Harderian gland of rodents is the only known tissue with physiological occurrence of high concentrations of porphyrins. In this report we describe the occurrence of considerable concentrations of porphyrins in the extra-orbital and intra-orbital lacrimal glands of the male rat. Similarly as in the Harderian gland, HPLC analysis revealed protoporphyrin as being the prevalent porphyrin homologue in the lacrimal glands. The results may contribute to elucidation of the yet unknown function of the Harderian gland and its porphyrins.

Aging↗