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Biomedical subjects

J Hunger

Publications and source records attributed to J Hunger.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Homeopathic arnica therapy in patients receiving knee surgery: results of three randomised double-blind trials.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effectiveness of homeopathic Arnica montana on postoperative swelling and pain after arthroscopy (ART), artificial knee joint implantation (AKJ), and cruciate ligament reconstruction (CLR). DESIGN: Three randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, sequential clinical trials. SETTING: Single primary care unit specialised in arthroscopic knee surgery. PARTICIPANTS: Patients suffering from a knee disease that necessitated arthroscopic surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Prior to surgery, patients were given 1 x 5 globules of the homeopathic dilution 30x (a homeopathic dilution of 1:10(30)) of arnica or placebo. Following surgery, 3 x 5 globules were administered daily. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome parameter was difference in knee circumference, defined as the ratio of circumference on day 1 (ART) or day 2 (CLR and AKJ) after surgery to baseline circumference. RESULTS: A total of 227 patients were enrolled in the ART (33% female, mean age 43.2 years;), 35 in the AKJ (71% female, 67.0 years), and 57 in the CLR trial (26% female; 33.4 years). The percentage of change in knee circumference was similar between the treatment groups for ART (group difference Delta=-0.25%, 95% CI: -0.85 to 0.41, p=0.204) and AKJ (Delta=-1.68%, -4.24 to 0.77, p=0.184) and showed homeopathic arnica to have a beneficial effect compared to placebo in CLR (Delta=-1.80%, -3.30 to -0.30, p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS: In all three trials, patients receiving homeopathic arnica showed a trend towards less postoperative swelling compared to patients receiving placebo. However, a significant difference in favour of homeopathic arnica was only found in the CLR trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Case study of bovine dermatitis caused by oat straw infected with Fusarium sporotrichioides.

A dermatitis characterised by discrete, raised, plaque-like and cracked skin lesions of variable sizes on the udder, the hind quarters, the lips and muzzle of all the cows in a herd was suspected of being caused by the oat straw used in bedding, after initial feed analysis and skin culture were negative for toxins and dermatophytes. Mycological analysis indicated an extensive infestation of the oat straw by Fusarium sporotrichioides, a toxic mould, and an immunochemical assay indicated dermatotoxic trichothecenes in the straw (0.22 microgram/g dried straw). An ethyl acetate extract of the straw induced a necrotic response on shaved rat skin. Ingestion of the toxic bedding straw and inhalation of toxic straw dust probably also caused the internal haemorrhage and lung emphysema observed in the two cows that died. The regression of the dermatitis and the recovery of general herd health after the withdrawal of the oat straw further supported the diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effect of pigmentation on the drug deposition in hair of grey-haired subjects.

The hair samples of 15 grizzled patients with a permanent medical treatment by amitriptyline, carbamazepine, chlorprothixene, diclofenac, doxepine, indomethacine, maprotiline or metoclopramide, or with a chronic heroin and cocaine abuse were separated into white and pigmented fibers and both fractions were independently investigated by GC-MS. The drugs were found in pigmented fibers as well as in white fibers, but the concentrations in the white fibers were smaller than in the pigmented ones for the most of the samples investigated. The concentration ratio of the drugs or their metabolites in both hair fractions (white/pigmented) was found to be between 0.09 and 1.57 (mean 0.70, 30 concentration pairs). There are large differences in this ratio between different subjects with the same drug, whereas for different drugs in the same subject in many cases similar ratios were measured. As a reason a different grade of pigmentation of the hair and the influence of the drug structure are discussed. From these results it follows that the natural hair colour is an important parameter in the evaluation of drug concentration in hair.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1997

Structural and concentration effects on the deposition of tricyclic antidepressants in human hair.

In order to elucidate the possibility of a long-term compliance analysis the hair samples of 56 patients, who were under a permanent treatment with tricyclic antidepressants, were analyzed for amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepine, imipramine and maprotiline as well as their nor-metabolites. The hair concentrations varied between 0.4 and 40 ng/mg with no strong difference between the five drugs. In comparison to the therapeutic plasma levels described in literature the nor-metabolites always accumulate less in hair than drugs. No correlation was found between the hair concentration and the daily dose. The investigation of the full hair length in 3-cm sections for several examples of all five drugs shows that they can be detected in normally kept hair at least 1 year after intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[99mTc-MAG3 and 131I-OIH in patients with kidney insufficiency and with normal kidneys].

Renal clearance of 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) and 131J-orthoidohippurate (OIH) were compared by simultaneous measurement in 50 patients. Renal time-activity-curves of both radiopharmaceuticals were compared in 50 patients. With regard to the clearance, good correlation (r = 0.95) with a mean ratio MAG3-/OIH-clearance of 0.62 was found. No significant difference between patients with normal (n = 30) and impaired (n = 20) renal function could be demonstrated. Renal time activity curves and relative renal function showed good correspondence in patients with normal (n = 13) and impaired (n = 7) renal function. It is concluded that MAG3 may be used as substitute for OIH in patients with normal and impaired renal function.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[A comparison of different methods of calculating clearances using 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine and 123I- or 131I-ortho-iodohippuric acid].

Using labelled MAG3 (n = 172) or OIH (n = 102) the results of three different techniques of calculating renal clearance were compared. The following techniques were used: Tauxe (single plasma concentration determination), Oberhausen (modified, combined partial body and plasma disappearance clearance) and Winkler (partial body clearance). For OIH, linear regression analysis revealed a positive correlation of Tauxe and Oberhausen clearances with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.90 and a mean ratio (mean) Oberhausen/Tauxe clearances of 1.03. For MAG3, the Oberhausen values were found to be significantly lower than the Tauxe values with an equally good correlation. For this radiopharmaceutical the Winkler values were significantly higher than the Tauxe and Oberhausen values. For OIH, no such difference was noted. However, the correlation coefficient was significantly lower. Whereas with the Tauxe method, a mean ratio MAG3-/OIH clearances of 0.62 was observed in an earlier investigation, from the present data a ratio of 0.53 is calculated for the Oberhausen clearance. The difference between the Tauxe and Oberhausen clearances with MAG3 is of importance when comparing clearance values obtained with clearance calculation techniques and for establishing normal values for the MAG3 clearance.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[EEG and SPECT in cerebral manifestations of AIDS].

The purpose of the presented study was to determine the diagnostic value of correlated EEG and SPECT findings in patients with CNS-manifestations of AIDS. Ten HIV 1 infected patients had been examined. Diagnoses: meningitis (2 x), lymphoma (2 x), necrotizing encephalitis (1 x), toxoplasmosis (7 x) (Some patients had more than one diagnosis). Unenhanced and Gd-DTPA enhanced MR, 99mTc-HM-PAO SPECT and clinical EEG were compared. In 9/10 patients MR demonstrated intracranial lesions. In one patient with necrotizing encephalitis (not detected by MR), SPECT revealed an inhomogeneous cerebral perfusion. Only lymphoma was hyperperfused. Toxoplasmic lesions-when detectable by SPECT-were hypoperfused. Reduced rCBF was also seen in brain regions not affected directly, but functionally associated to altered areas. EEG revealed diffuse signs such as slowing in patients with brain atrophy, but also in those patients with lesions of basal ganglia and thalamus. Focal signs in the EEG were in concordance with imaging findings in only 2/10 patients. In 4/10 patients foci even adjacent to the cortex - as shown by MR - remained undetected by EEG. One patient with an active toxoplasmosis had sharp waves over the affected region. The parallel application of the three methods as suggested in this paper appears useful not only for scientific purposes. In most cases, this procedure provides relevant diagnostic information. It is recommended for AIDS-patients with CNS manifestations of unknown etiology.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Diagnostic strategies in liver and pancreatic tumors using imaging procedures--nuclear medicine].

The different biokinetic behaviour of radioactive tracers which can be monitored by nuclear medicine procedures may be helpful in the diagnosis or differential diagnosis of tumours or tumour-like lesions of the liver or pancreas: autologous red blood cells in the detection of haemangiomas; iminodiacetates in delineation of focal nodular hyperplasia, resp. liver adenomas versus other tumours; colloidal albumin in differentiating focal fatty infiltration from diffuse infiltration by metastases; monoclonal antibodies in revealing liver metastases or abscesses, resp. pancreas neoplasms. In general the clinical suspected diagnosis and the result of morphologic imaging modalities determine the use of the appropriate radioactive tracers.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

[Relevance of predamage in fibulotalar ligament rupture. Clinical and histological studies].

In 31 patients with a recent rupture of the fibulotalar ligament, the aetiology and the significance of prior traumatization were investigated clinically and histologically. History. All the patients reported that they had twisted the injured foot either once or on a number of occasions. Only five patients were able to identify a concrete accident. Intraoperatively, the anterior fibulotalar ligament showed scarring in addition to fresh rupture. Histologically, excisional biopsies (EB) obtained during surgery, also revealed fresh lesions affecting the collagenous tissue as well as granulation and/or scar tissue of varying age. Pre-traumatization of the fibulotalar ligament occurs as a result of simple twisting of the foot. This apparently insignificant trauma leads to microlesions which although they induce reparative processes that can be demonstrated histologically, produce a relevant diminishment of the resistance of the ligament to rupture. Thus, ligament rupture can readily be explained by the interaction of prior traumatization and a violent force. In comparison, prior degenerative lesions have no relevance. In the individual case, therefore, in addition to prior history, the nature of any accident and intraoperative findings, a histological examination should also be performed for an epicritical assessment of the aetiopathogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Late sequelae after subarachnoid hemorrhage. A retrospective study of 104 patients 5 years after the acute occurrence].

104 patients who had survived an subarachnoidal bleeding were followed up, an additional CT scan being employed in 80 of them. Of permanent disabilities, the most important is cerebral insufficiency. Three-quarters of the patients did not achieve complete rehabilitation, the prognosis being significantly dependent upon the severity of the initial phase. 75% of the patients revealed ventricular dilations that correlated neither with the severity of the acute phase of the subarachnoidal haemorrhage, nor with the permanent functional losses. Progression of hydrocephalus communicans over the long term following subarachnoidal bleeding is unlikely; the cerebral insufficiency does not progress.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Rorschach studies on the so-called epileptic character change].

Structure, frequency, conditions and specificity of epileptic personality change have been estimated in very different ways. Psychological tests and statistical checks have been rare. The Rorschach-test claims to have the only tradition. 140 chronic epileptic patients without dementia were all investigated by psychiatrists and psychological tests. A specific epilepsy-syndrome could not be demonstrated, but nevertheless test-criteria of the organic psychosyndrome. They confirm and complete the psychological finding.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Psychological tests of epileptic patients].

A total of 140 epileptic patients were examined using psychological tests in a combined psychiatric and psychological study to assess cognitive malfunctions. Compared with a control group, significantly lower levels of performance were shown in intelligence, concentration and psychomotoric speed, but not in memory. Surprisingly, there was no uniform relationship between the degree of performance deficit and the severity of fits, perhaps with the exception of intelligence. Missing significant memory malfunctions restrict the value of a so-called organic psychosyndrome, the relevance of which is doubtful from the neurospychological point of view, anyway.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Psychopathological studies on the so-called epileptic personality change].

Psychopathological abnormalities have at all times contributed to a uniform concept of epilepsy. However, frequency, conditions, structure and specificity of epileptic personality change have been regarded in very different ways. 140 chronic epileptic patients were all assessed by indirect anamnesis, by psychiatrists and by psychological tests. The findings were correlated with neurological criteria, such as type, severity and conditions of attacks or fits. Whereas 74% of the patients showed psychological changes, 21% appeared severely disturbed, and in 53% changes in some personality traits could be found. There were positive correlations with the severity, with the psychomotoric and generalised diffuse type of fits. Neither the often-described epileptic, nor the likewise previously observed pseudopsychopathic type, but rather a mixture of both, determined the psychopathological picture, which was characterised by increased irritability, hidden aggressiveness, good orderliness, good general mood, good ability to make contacts, a positive self-image, and, furthermore, by a tendency towards a certain rigidity and inflexibility of thought as well as memory and concentration malfunctions. Persistent inhibition of impulse could not be demonstrated; one-third of the patients showed instability of emotion. The severity or chronic nature of the fits corresponded to an epileptic-low impulse pattern of behaviour, possibly depending on the amount of cortical damage. In patients with minor fits, the element of suggestibility was more predominant. Hence, specific psychosyndromes of nocturnal or rising fits could not be proved. In general, the findings did not differ from the common picture of an organic psychosyndrome.

Adult↗