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Biomedical subjects

J Huppert

Publications and source records attributed to J Huppert.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Multifocal tuberculosis with cerebellar tuberculoma].

A 10-year old child was admitted for vomiting and a high grade fever. He had been previously immunized twice against tuberculosis. A cerebellar syndrome appeared, and the brain CT scan showed an intracerebellar mass. Disseminated lesions were detected on abdominal (splenic abscess) and thoracic (mediastinal lymph nodes) CT scans. The bone scintigraphy also showed multiple localisations. A craniotomy was performed that revealed a cerebellar tuberculoma which was completely removed. The child received an antituberculous treatment over 18 months and is currently well with a 5 year follow-up.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Cerebral nocardiosis cured by repeated stereotaxic punctures and antibiotic therapy].

We report the case of a 58-year old man who had been on corticosteroid therapy for several months and presented with cerebral nocardiosis. Computerized tomography showed multiple brain abscesses. As the neurological status was getting worse, several stereotactic needle aspirations were performed, resulting in decompression of the brain and permitting bacteriological examination of the pus. Antibiotic therapy based on sensitivity tests was administered, and cure was obtained in the 4th month of treatment.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Treatment of chronic hydrocephalus in adults by lumboperitoneal shunt. Results and indications apropos of 82 cases].

Patients with chronic hydrocephalus are most often aged people and in bad general condition. It seems that treatment may be more simplest possible and the less iatrogenic. Furthermore, the diagnosis of chronic hydrocephalus is not often certain, and can be generally assert after the good result of the CSF shunting. Since 1985, when hydrocephalus appears communicant, a lumboperitoneal shunt was systematically implanted in the aim to decrease the number of complications due to ventricular shunts. The operation can be performed on neuroloptanalgesia and/or local anesthesia. Post-operative orthostatic intracranial hypotension can be prevented by using valves with opening pressure varying with the position or valves with a flow depending of the opening pressure. Our clinical series includes 82 patients (51 males and 31 females), aged from 27 to 88 years (average 55 years). In 47 cases, hydrocephalus was idiopathic and in 35 cases hydrocephalus was secondary to an identified aetiology: subarachnoid or intracranial hemorrhage (20 cases), post-traumatic (11 cases), post meningitic (1 case) and post anoxic (1 case). In this last case, physiopathological mechanism was unclear. The middle delay between the first symptom and the operation was greater than 6 months for the majority of observations, but in few cases, precoce shunting was performed (between 1 to 3 months) in post S.A.H. and post traumatic hydrocephalus when C.T. Scan shows increasing ventricular size. Clinical results are evaluated after 2 months and at long term, and complications analysed. The lumbo-peritoneal shunt gives same results on the clinical symptoms, and less iatrogenic complications than ventricular shunts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Spontaneous rhinorrhea disclosing intranasal meningoencephalocele and ependymoma of the 4th ventricle].

The authors report a case of a spontaneous rhinorrhea due to an intranasal meningoencephalocele associated with a benign, perhaps congenital, ependymoma of the floor of the fourth ventricle. The tumour was initially unknown, because clinical symptoms suggested a congenital aqueductal stenosis (macrocrania, no neurological signs, association with a congenital defect of the cranial base). This observation, which belongs to "hypertensive spontaneous rhinorrhea" suggests that the C.S.F. fistula is possible only when hydrocephalus coexists with a congenital abnormality of the cranial base. Therapeutic problems are discussed: the direct approach of the fistula alone is most often insufficient, the treatment of the hydrocephalus alone is possible, but may induce a tension pneumocephalus, the best attitude is the treatment in the same stage, of the fistula and the hydrocephalus. But, in case of chronic non communicant hydrocephalus, aqueductal tubing or ventriculocisternostomy can be insufficient and permanent internal C.F.S. derivation may be performed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effect of doxorubicin on mouse hybridoma B cells: stimulation of immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion.

The purpose of these studies was to investigate whether the cell-differentiating effect of anthracyclines can trigger an over-production and secretion of molecules that may interfere with the tumor-host relationship. We exposed mouse hybridoma B-cells, which are devoted to immunoglobulin production, to doxorubicin (10-40 ng/ml). We found that most doxorubicin-treated cells secreted 3- to 5-fold higher amounts of immunoglobulin than untreated cells, along with an accumulation of 50% of them in the G2+M phase of the cell cycle. The antigenic specificity of the immunoglobulin and its size pattern as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were similar whether or not cells were treated with doxorubicin. The enhancement of immunoglobulin secretion by doxorubicin was associated with an increase of the intracellular pool of heavy and light chains of the immunoglobulin. Furthermore, an elevated synthesis of immunoglobulin was observed. The synthesis of other proteins also appeared to be modified in these circumstances. These data suggest that doxorubicin can potentiate the biological functions of target cells when used at low concentrations, elevating the production and secretion of effector molecules that interfere with the tumor-host relationship.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Anterior sacral meningocele. Apropos of 11 cases].

The authors report 11 cases of anterior sacral meningocele, cystic mass connected with lumbar sac through a sacral bony defect: 2 children and 9 adults. Clinic presentations are analysed. Examination including, X ray, ultrasonography, scanner is discussed. The authors believe that these lesions must be treated surgically because a risk of rupture in the rectum with important meningitis exists. There is also a septic risk if an error of diagnosis ends at a puncture. The transacral approach is easy and it gives the best results.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Bilateral extradural haematoma. Report of two cases.

Two cases of bilateral extradural haematomas are reported. In case I, the haematomas developed simultaneously and were probably due to a tear in the sagittal sinus. In case II, the haematomas developed sequentially and were demonstrated by serial CT scannings after the removal of a seemingly unilateral lesion. A review of the literature points out the rarity of this condition which had been described even before the CT era, with varying clinical presentations and unusually poor surgical results. The advent of the CT has made the diagnosis of simultaneous bilateral extradural haematomas easier and is regarded as a significant factor in the improvement of the prognosis noted in recent reports. However, the possibility of delayed bilateral extradural haematomas escaping detection in the initial CT should be emphasized. This unusual clinical presentation stresses the value of a routine use of serial CT scannings in the acute phase of head injuries.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Lumboperitoneal shunt in persistent or recurrent fistulae of the base of skull. Apropos of 20 cases].

The authors describe the use of the lumbo peritoneal shunt (L.P.S.) in 20 cases of C.S.F. rhinorrhea following either cranial injury [13] basal skull surgery [2] or of unknown etiology [5]. 16 patients had previously undergone an attempt at direct closure of their fistula and are therefore cases in which the direct approach failed. 4 patients underwent the L.P.S. straightaway. In 17 cases the fistula was healed by the L.P.S. without any recurrence, though a shunt removal was necessary in 5 cases. The method was unsuccessful in only 3 cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Characterization of two murine monoclonal antibodies (P10, P12) directed against different determinants on human blood platelet thrombospondin.

Thrombospondin, a 450-kDa glycoprotein composed of three disulphide linked chains, is located in human blood platelet alpha-granules and is released from platelets upon stimulation. This glycoprotein is thought to play a major role in platelet aggregation. The aim of this study was to characterize two monoclonal antibodies (P10 and P12) directed against human blood platelet thrombospondin. When the released material obtained after stimulation of platelets with thrombin in the presence of 2 mM calcium was immediately treated with EDTA, labelled with 125I and incubated with monoclonal antibodies P10 and P12, both immunoprecipitated a major labelled protein band with a molecular mass of 160 kDa and a weaker band at 146 kDa, as analysed on reduced dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels. The major band corresponds in molecular mass to the thrombospondin subunits. If, however, the released material was left in the presence of Ca2+ for 48 h, then the main band was at 130 kDa and in addition one minor protein band (75 kDa) was immunoprecipitated by P10 whereas P12 recognized two minor protein bands (75 and 60 kDa). When P10 and P12 were incubated with 125I-labelled platelet releasates treated for 48 h at 4 degrees C with 10mM EDTA, three major protein bands (160, 146 and 130 kDa) were immunoprecipitated in addition to the minor bands mentioned above. These results indicate that thrombospondin is probably degraded by the endogenous platelet calcium-dependent protease. Investigation of tryptic peptide fragments of thrombospondin isolated by fast protein liquid chromatography showed that 125I-labelled antibody P10 bound to 400-kDa and 120-kDa fragments whereas 125I-labelled P12 only recognized a 400-kDa fragment. Competition studies involving solid-phase antibody binding and double antibody sandwich assays showed that P10 and P12 were directed against different determinants of thrombospondin. Purified thrombospondin, isolated in the presence of calcium, either directly or after treatment with EDTA, haemagglutinated trypsinized, formaldehyde-fixed sheep erythrocytes identically. The haemagglutination activity of EDTA-treated thrombospondin was inhibited by P10 and enhanced by P12. On the other hand, P10 and P12, despite their binding to calcium-treated thrombospondin, had no effect on its haemagglutination activity. Monoclonal antibodies P10 and P12 could be useful tools to investigate the role of thrombospondin in platelet aggregation.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Lumbo-peritoneal shunt in non-hydrocephalic patients. A review of 41 cases.

A population of 41 non-hydrocephalic patients in whom a lumbo-peritoneal shunt (LPS) was inserted for various conditions is reviewed. 19 had persistent cerebro-spinal fluid rhinorrhoea following cranial injury, basal skull surgery or of unknown origin, 3 had recalcitrant benign intra-cranial hypertension, 14 had a persistent bulging craniotomy site after operations for intra-cranial tumours or head trauma, 4 had syringomyelia and 1 had a postoperative cervical meningocele. There was no shunt-related mortality. LPS was effective in treating the initial symptomatology in 31 patients. Further revision or removal of LPS were needed on 9 occasions in 8 patients showing shunt-related mechanical or infectious complications or persistent postural headaches. This report demonstrates the safety of the LPS procedure experienced in another population of 146 patients with communicating hydrocephalus operated on in the meantime. According to the authors' experience, the versatility of the clinical applications of LPS seems well established. LPS should be considered when a CSF diversion is required in patients showing absent or minimal ventricular enlargement in the CT scan.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cytogenetic modifications of Friend leukemia cells resistant to adriamycin.

Chromosome analysis was performed on adriamycin-sensitive and resistant Friend leukemia cells. Resistance to ADM is associated with an increased number of metacentric chromosomes. With increasing level of drug resistance additional metacentric chromosomes and several chromosomal markers were observed. Furthermore, the C-banding patterns and the heterochromatin distribution differed in resistant, as compared to sensitive cells. When sensitive cells were exposed to a toxic dose of ADM, multiple chromosomal breaks were observed in 62% of cells. In contrast, when ADM resistant cells were exposed to cytotoxic concentrations, the pulverization phenomenon was not observed and 75-80% of cells were without breaks. This striking difference suggests a different mechanism for cytotoxicity in sensitive and resistant cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Brain toxoplasmosis: from a case disclosing AIDS. Recall of diagnostic, developmental and therapeutic elements].

The authors are studying from a personal case revealing an AIDS, and from bibliographical cases, the treated evolution of toxoplasmic encephalitis in immuno-depressed patients and the elements of the diagnosis. They are insisting on the interest of the brain biopsy, and on the importance of the inflammatory brain oedema. The therapy consists on sulfamides and anti-oedematous drugs. They are thinking that the corticosteroids must be avoided. The evolution of cerebral lesions, seen on the repeated computed tomographies is often good but the prognosis remains bad according to the immuno-deficiency.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

[Tethered conus syndrome or fixed spinal cord syndrome. Lumbosacral lipomas].

Fifty-eight cases presenting a tethered conus with spina bifida occulta are analysed. Twenty-three patients had a lipoma, the others had various malformations of the cord. Twenty patients had no symptom or sign, 38 had neurological symptoms and signs. Only 2 had no skin malformation. The aim of surgery is to reduce the volume of the lipoma, untether the cord, and reconstruct the posterior protection of the cord. Twenty-six patients were cured or improved, 12 patients were stabilized, 19 remained asymptomatic, 1 was worsened.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗