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J I Alós

Publications and source records attributed to J I Alós.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Resistance to macrolides, clindamycin and telithromycin in Streptococcus pyogenes isolated in Spain during 2004.

OBJECTIVES: To study the antimicrobial susceptibility and prevalence of the different phenotypes and genotypes of macrolide resistance in group A streptococci isolated in Spain in 2004, and to compare the results with those obtained in 1998 and 2001 using the same methodology and centres. METHODS: A total of 530 unique isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes collected in 21 laboratories from 16 geographic areas (regions) in Spain were used. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the agar dilution method. Discs containing erythromycin or clindamycin were used to recognize the phenotypes of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) resistance. Genes encoding macrolide-lincosamide resistance were detected by PCR. RESULTS: Resistance to erythromycin was 21.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 16.5-26.3]. The resistance to azithromycin was 21.5%, whereas the resistance to miocamycin and to clindamycin was 6.6% (95% CI 3.0-8.9). Thirty-one (5.8%) of the isolates were resistant to telithromycin. Of the 115 erythromycin-resistant isolates, 67.8% had the M phenotype, representing 14.7% of all the isolates tested. Thirty-five isolates (30.5% of the erythromycin-resistant strains and 6.6% of all the isolates) had the MLS(B) constitutive phenotype. There was a high prevalence of resistance to telithromycin (88.6%) among the 35 strains with the MLS(B) constitutive phenotype. When we compared these results with those from previous studies (1998 and 2001), we found a significant increase in the MLS(B) constitutive phenotype (P < 0.001), and a significant decrease in the M phenotype (P < 0.005) was noted. CONCLUSIONS: The significant increase in the prevalence of resistance to clindamycin and miocamycin, and the prevalence of resistance to telithromycin reached in a short period of time from the introduction of its use, underscore the need for continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in S. pyogenes in Spain.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2004

In vitro susceptibility of recent antibiotic-resistant urinary pathogens to ertapenem and 12 other antibiotics.

BACKGROUND: The treatment of complicated urinary tract infections may require the use of a parenteral antibiotic with potent activity against the most common urinary pathogens. Ertapenem is a broad-spectrum 1beta-methyl carbapenem with a long plasma half-life that allows administration of a single daily dose. METHODS: The purpose of this work was to test the in vitro susceptibility to ertapenem, ampicillin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, co-amoxiclav, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, gentamicin, amikacin, fosfomycin, ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole of 482 strains of urinary pathogens of the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients in the community of Madrid (40% from males). The distribution was as follows: Escherichia coli (n = 315), Proteus mirabilis (n = 42), Klebsiella spp. (n = 14) and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae (n = 111). The strains studied were selected based on their resistance to quinolones and aminoglycosides, and their production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) or AmpC-type beta-lactamases. RESULTS: All the strains were susceptible to ertapenem, imipenem and amikacin. The MIC(90) of ertapenem ranged from a minimum of 0.03 mg/L for Proteus vulgaris and a maximum of 1 mg/L for Enterobacter spp. Ertapenem was the most active of all drugs tested in all cases. On comparing antibiotic resistance among ESBL-producing strains of E. coli (n = 35) and E. coli strains not producing ESBLs (n = 280), statistically significant differences were obtained for ciprofloxacin (P = 0.002) and gentamicin (P = 0.011). Regarding ertapenem, only a slight increase in MIC(50) was seen, the value being 0.015 mg/L for strains not producing ESBLs versus 0.03 mg/L for ESBL-producing strains. CONCLUSIONS: In view of its significant antibiotic potency against antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, ertapenem may constitute a good therapeutic alternative in urinary infections caused by these pathogens.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2003

Significant increase in the prevalence of erythromycin-resistant, clindamycin- and miocamycin-susceptible (M phenotype) Streptococcus pyogenes in Spain.

In 1998 we conducted a multicentre study in Spain on the susceptibility of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates to different 14-, 15- and 16-membered macrolides and clindamycin, in which the number of strains examined was proportional to the number of inhabitants in each geographical area. The aim of the present work was to re-examine the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. pyogenes in 2001, using the same methodology and centres as in 1998, to determine the different susceptibility phenotypes to macrolides-lincosamides, and to compare the results from the 2 years by statistical tests. A total of 529 unique isolates of S. pyogenes, collected in 21 laboratories, were studied. Throat swabs provided 417 isolates (78.8%), and the remaining 112 were from other sources. Four hundred and thirty-five (82.2%) were isolated from children and 94 (17.8%) from adults. One hundred and fifty-seven (29.7%) of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin and azithromycin, whereas resistance to miocamycin, a 16-membered macrolide, was 1.5%. The prevalence of resistance to clindamycin was 1.3%. The majority (98.7%) of the 157 erythromycin-resistant strains presented the M phenotype. When we compared the results obtained in 1998 and 2001, we observed a statistically significant increase in resistance to erythromycin and azithromycin (P = 0.02, chi(2) test), but not to clindamycin or miocamycin (P = 0.47, chi(2) test with Yates' correction). The significant increase in the prevalence of resistance to some macrolides of S. pyogenes in Spain underscores the need for continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in this species.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in 1999 and 2000 in Madrid, Spain: a multicentre surveillance study.

Resistance to first-line antimicrobial agents in Streptococcus pneumoniae is increasing worldwide and the new fluoroquinolones may provide a good alternative. The antimicrobial susceptibility to levofloxacin and 13 other antibiotics of 300 isolates of S. pneumoniae, isolated in the Madrid community in 1999 and 2000, was determined. A total of 65.6% of isolates were penicillin intermediate or resistant strains. A high percentage of resistance to macrolides, clindamycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol was also observed, mainly in penicillin-resistant strains. All but one strain was susceptible to levofloxacin.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed2001

Bacteremia by Dermabacter hominis, a rare pathogen.

Dermabacter hominis is a gram-positive, catalase-positive, glucose-fermenting rod, which, as it grows forms small greyish-white colonies with a characteristic pungent odor. Previously known as coryneform Centers for Disease Control and Prevention groups 3 and 5, it was catalogued as D. hominis in 1994. Various strains isolated in blood cultures, abscesses, or wounds in the 1970s were retrospectively characterized in referral centers as D. hominis. In this report we describe two patients with severe underlying pathology who developed bacteremias by D. hominis within the context of their clinical pictures.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed2000

High prevalence of erythromycin-resistant, clindamycin/miocamycin-susceptible (M phenotype) Streptococcus pyogenes: results of a Spanish multicentre study in 1998. Spanish Group for the Study of Infection in the Primary Health Care Setting.

Using the standard agar dilution method we studied the prevalence of susceptibility to 14-, 15- and 16-membered ring macrolides and clindamycin in Streptococcus pyogenes isolated in 1998 from 21 laboratories in Spain. The number of strains admitted to the study was proportional to the numbers of inhabitants in each geographical area. We also determined the susceptibility phenotypes and the genetic basis for the antibiotic resistance. A total of 486 unduplicated isolates of S. pyogenes were used. Throat swab samples provided 359 (73.9%) isolates, and the remaining 127 isolates were from other sources. One hundred and fourteen (23.5%) isolates were resistant to erythromycin, a 14-membered ring macrolide, and azithromycin, a 15-membered macrolide, whereas only 1% of isolates were resistant to miocamycin, a 16-membered macrolide and 0.8% were resistant to clindamycin. Of the 114 erythromycin-resistant strains, 109 (95.6%) were susceptible to clindamycin and miocamycin. Since induction with erythromycin did not modify susceptibility to the latter antibiotics, these 109 strains were considered to have the M phenotype. Twenty strains with the M phenotype, one per laboratory, were assayed by PCR and showed the presence of the mef gene, which is responsible for antibiotic resistance by an efflux system. Among comparable studies covering entire countries, ours demonstrates one of the highest rates of S. pyogenes erythromycin resistance and clindamycin and miocamycin susceptibility in the world. Strains with the M phenotype account for the great majority of these isolates.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

High prevalence of resistance to clindamycin in Bacteroides fragilis group isolates.

Susceptibility to anti-anaerobic agents in the Bacteroides fragilis group varies according to the geographical region studied. In recent years there has been a reduction in the susceptibility of such isolates, particularly to antibiotics such as clindamycin and cefoxitin. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 100 isolates of the B. fragilis group isolated in 1998 from faecal samples of healthy people to clindamycin and five other anti-anaerobic agents were determined. Meropenem, metronidazole and trovafloxacin showed excellent activity against all isolates. The efficacy of cefoxitin was low, with only 46% of isolates susceptible. A high prevalence of resistance to clindamycin (49% of isolates) was observed.

Adolescent↗