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Biomedical subjects

J I Hudson

Publications and source records attributed to J I Hudson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Electroencephalographic sleep in mania.

Electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep patterns were examined in nine unmedicated patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for a current manic episode (four men and five women) for two to four consecutive nights. Compared with age- and sex-matched normal control subjects, manic patients exhibited significantly decreased total recording period, decreased time spent asleep, increased time awake in the last two hours of recording, shortened rapid eye movement (REM) latency, increased REM activity, and increased REM density. These results suggest that mania is associated with marked disturbances of sleep continuity and REM measures. Sleep continuity and REM sleep abnormalities of a similar nature and degree have been reported in major depression and psychotic depression. Thus, it is possible that various forms of affective disorders and psychotic disorders have pathophysiologic mechanisms in common.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Lycanthropy: alive and well in the twentieth century.

Lycanthropy, the belief that one has been transformed into an animal (or behaviour suggestive of such a belief), has been described by physicians and clerics since antiquity, but has received scant attention in the modern literature. Some have even thought the syndrome extinct. However, in a review of patients admitted to our centre since 1974, we identified twelve cases of lycanthropy, ranging in duration from one day to 13 years. The syndrome was generally associated with severe psychosis, but not with any specific psychiatric diagnosis or neurological findings, or with any particular outcome. As a rare but colourful presentation of psychosis, lycanthropy appears to have survived into modern times.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Bulimia in obese individuals. Relationship to normal-weight bulimia.

We compared 23 obese subjects meeting DSM-III criteria for bulimia with 47 obese nonbulimic subjects and 47 normal-weight bulimic subjects using structured diagnostic interviews. The obese bulimic subjects were similar to the normal-weight bulimic subjects but different from the nonbulimic obese subjects in exhibiting a high lifetime rate of major affective disorder. However, the obese bulimic subjects were much less likely than the normal-weight bulimic subjects to use self-induced vomiting as a method of purging. These results suggest that obese individuals with bulimic symptoms may constitute a sizable but little-recognized population. Further studies will be required, however, to assess whether the syndrome of bulimia in obesity represents a valid diagnostic entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of bulimia with bupropion: a multicenter controlled trial.

In a placebo-controlled, double-blind study of the unique antidepressant agent bupropion in the treatment of nondepressed subjects with bulimia (bupropion group, N = 55; placebo group, N = 26), we found the drug significantly superior to placebo in reducing episodes of binge eating and purging. In general, side effects with bupropion were minimal. However, four subjects experienced grand mal seizures during treatment with bupropion, a frequency of seizures far higher than observed in previous studies with this drug. Pending a satisfactory explanation for the occurrence of these seizures, we recommend that bupropion not be administered alone to bulimic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Valproate in the treatment of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder.

Six consecutive patients with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder, refractory or only minimally responsive to treatment with lithium salts and neuroleptics, including five also refractory to carbamazepine, all demonstrated a moderate or marked response to the anticonvulsant valproate. These observations suggest that valproate may represent a promising treatment alternative in this often treatment-resistant form of bipolar disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Sleep EEG in bulimia.

To evaluate the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics of bulimia, all-night sleep EEGs were performed on 11 women meeting DSM-III criteria for bulimia. Comparison groups consisted of young women outpatients with major depression (n = 44) and young normal women (n = 20). The sleep EEGs of the bulimic patients were largely indistinguishable from those of the normal controls, except for a trend toward increased rapid eye movement (REM) density in the first REM period among the bulimic subjects. No differences in any sleep EEG measure were observed between bulimic patients with major depression and those without affective disorder. By contrast, the outpatients with major depression displayed marked sleep continuity disturbances, as well as significantly increased REM intensity and REM density, as compared to normal controls. Implications of these results with respect to the hypothesis that bulimia is related to major affective disorder are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A controlled family history study of bulimia.

Using the family history method, we assessed the morbid risk for psychiatric disorders in the first-degree relatives of 69 probands with bulimia, 24 probands with major depression, and 28 nonpsychiatric control probands. The morbid risk for major affective disorder among the first-degree relatives of the bulimic probands was 32%, significantly greater than that found in the nonpsychiatric control probands. The rate of familial major affective disorder was significantly greater in bulimic probands who had a history of major affective disorder themselves than in bulimic probands without such a history - but the latter group, in turn, displayed significantly higher rates than the nonpsychiatric control probands. Eating disorders were slightly, but not significantly, more prevalent in the families of bulimic probands than nonpsychiatric control probands. We present two alternative hypotheses which might explain these findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Antidepressant medication in the treatment of bulimia nervosa.

Antidepressant therapy has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of bulimia nervosa, a serious eating disorder that can be associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Seven antidepressant drugs have been tested in double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Five of these studies demonstrated strongly positive findings, one a weakly positive finding, and one a negative finding. However, inadequate doses of medication may have been used in the latter two studies. In all of the positive studies, antidepressant agents appeared effective even in bulimic subjects who did not display concomitant depression, indicating that this treatment modality should not be reserved only for depressed bulimic patients. Although not yet tested in double-blind studies, trazodone also appears effective in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. Results from one large open study suggested that trazodone has comparable efficacy to the tricyclic antidepressant agents. Trazodone would be a particularly attractive treatment for bulimia nervosa because of its low anticholinergic side-effects profile; placebo-controlled studies are required, however, before definitive recommendations can be made.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1987

A controlled study of lifetime prevalence of affective and other psychiatric disorders in bulimic outpatients.

The authors used structured diagnostic interviews to assess the lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders, by DSM-III criteria, among 70 women: 51 outpatients with active bulimia and 19 nonpatient subjects with remitted bulimia. Comparison groups consisted of 24 female outpatients with major depression and 28 nonpsychiatric control subjects. The active and remitted bulimic subjects closely resembled each other, with high lifetime rates of major affective disorder, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders. Atypical depression was equally common among subjects with major affective disorder in all groups. These results are consistent with previous studies suggesting a phenomenologic relationship between bulimia and major affective disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Is bulimia associated with borderline personality disorder? A controlled study.

To test the hypothesis that bulimia may be associated with borderline personality traits or frank borderline personality disorder, the authors administered the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB) under blind conditions to 52 bulimic subjects, 22 outpatient controls with a history of major depression but no history of an eating disorder, and 13 nonpsychiatric controls. Only 1.9% of bulimic subjects met revised DIB criteria for borderline personality disorder, and mean DIB scores were almost identical in bulimic subjects and controls with major depression. These results argue against a relationship between bulimia per se and borderline personality disorder or traits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of bulimia with nomifensine.

The authors treated 12 consecutive bulimic patients with nomifensine, a novel antidepressant recently approved for American use. Two patients developed fever, necessitating discontinuation of the drug. Of the other 10 patients, nine showed moderate or better improvement, with strikingly few side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Antidepressant drug therapy for bulimia: current status.

More than 30 reports, including 9 placebo-controlled, double-blind studies, have assessed the efficacy of various medications, mostly antidepressants, for the treatment of bulimia. A critical review of the available data suggests that antidepressants, and possibly other thymoleptic agents, are clearly superior to placebo for the treatment of bulimia; the studies have not identified specific subgroups of bulimic patients who are, or are not, candidates for these agents; and tentatively, these agents may benefit major affective disorder and bulimia via similar mechanisms.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1986

Bulimia in men: a series of fifteen cases.

Comparing 15 consecutive male bulimic patients to a female bulimic control group, the authors found no differences on demography, associated psychopathology, family history, or treatment response. In contrast to a previous report, the authors found little evidence of increased homosexuality or "sexual conflict" in these men.

Adult↗