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Biomedical subjects

J I Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to J I Phillips.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Urethral lumen cross-sectional shape: its radiological determination and relationship to function.

This report shows that the urethral lumen cross-sectional shape is complex but slit-like and it is suggested that this shape is related to function. A radiological method for determining urethral shape during micturition has been developed and compared with histological studies. The lumen is markedly non-circular even during micturition. Simple theoretical analysis of preliminary shapes shows that current concepts of urethral flow are incomplete and urethral pressure profile measurements require re-evaluation. The function of accepted sphincter mechanisms requires a slit-like lumen. Lumen shape is a fundamental property of the urethra, the clinical importance of which has yet to be explored.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A comparative morphometric analysis of the component tissues of the urethra in young and old female C57BL/ICRFAt mice.

Histologic preparations of the urethras of 3 and 30-month-old virgin female C57 mice were stereologically analyzed with a light microscope with an eyepiece grid. Serial sections of entire urethras were stained and divided into ten representative regions; the component tissues of each region were analyzed. There was no significant change with age in the total muscle component in each region. The muscle, however, was divided into two types: muscle with and muscle without the infiltration of collagen fibers. The amount of muscle with collagen infiltration was significantly increased in some regions of the urethra in the 30-month-old group. There was no age-associated significant difference in the vascular or connective tissue components of the urethra. A difference in the glandular component was recorded in one region only, because of change in the ducts of the clitoral glands. We noted differences in the lumen and its epithelium that were attributable to the more open urethral lumen in the young group in certain regions.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

Inflammatory plasma cell infiltration of the urinary bladder in the aging C57BL/Icrfa(t) mouse.

An age related increased cellularity in the lamina propria of the mouse bladder is described. The identified cell types involved are plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophilic leukocytes, and probably represent an inflammatory plasma cell infiltration. Two rare unidentified cell types were also seen. The cause of the inflammatory reaction is unknown, but the failure to detect a causative microorganism suggests that it might be an autoimmune response, possibly related to the clinical condition of interstitial cystitis. From foci of increased cellularity, located in the close proximity of blood vessels, lymphocytes migrate to the urothelium which otherwise shows no ultrastructural changes with age.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Association between Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerotic lesions.

There can no longer be any doubt that viable Chlamydia pneumoniae organisms are present in atherosclerotic lesions. Indeed, the endovascular presence of C. pneumoniae in coronary artery disease (CAD) is common. The fact that this lesion, which is the major cause of stroke, coronary heart disease ( CHD), peripheral vascular disease and aortic aneurysm, can no longer be regarded as sterile has prompted a good deal of study and speculation. Atherosclerotic lesions have been studied in detail, but until recently histological descriptions of the lesion have not included C. pneumoniae organisms. Reviews and analysis of the literature confirm the association between C. pneumoniae and atherosclerotic lesions and CHD. The possibility that C. pneumoniae plays a causal or contributory role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions has been debated. It is of major importance as there is already evidence that antibiotic therapy may be of clinical benefit in patients with CHD. Large clinical trials using antichlamydial agents have been embarked upon which may provide further evidence of a causal role for C. pneumoniae. The underlying mechanism of how C. pneumoniae contributes to lesions and the effect of antibiotic therapy on lesions remain unknown. The association between C. pneumoniae and atherosclerosis is reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the lesion itself and the presence of C. pneumoniae. Potential areas of study that may contribute to this rapidly expanding area of research is explored.

Chlamydophila pneumoniae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration of pediatric abdominal masses. Cytologic and electron microscopic diagnosis.

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) was performed under ultrasound guidance on 17 abdominal masses in 16 pediatric patients at Baragwanath Hospital. The aspirated cellular material was assessed by conventional cytomorphology and by electron microscopy (EM). A diagnosis of malignancy was rendered for all 15 tumors that were adequately sampled (88.2%); the remaining 2 masses yielded insufficient material for either light microscopy or EM. Cytologic cell typing (including the use of EM) was successful in 12 of the 15 tumors (80%) as compared with the histologic diagnosis. EM was in agreement with the initial cytologic diagnosis in eight tumors, but corrected the initial impression in four tumors. The tumors with adequate aspirates included nine nephroblastomas and single examples of neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, renal carcinoma and malignant rhabdoid tumor. The last three were not accurately typed by cytology plus EM. These preliminary results suggest that FNA cytology with adjunctive EM could become a useful technique in the preoperative assessment of pediatric abdominal tumors.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the parotid gland. Cytologic, histologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of a neuroendocrine variant.

A case of primary small cell undifferentiated carcinoma (SCUC) of the parotid gland, diagnosed initially by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and confirmed by histology, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), is presented. The FNA cytologic features that enabled an accurate diagnosis of this rare salivary gland tumor included nuclear granularity and markedly angular nuclear molding of numerous small cells that were usually present as large syncytia in an inflammatory background. Numerous mitotic figures were also present in this vascular lesion. These features were also evident in the surgical specimens. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated neuron-specific enolase positivity while TEM demonstrated intracytoplasmic neurosecretory granules in this case, indicating a neuroendocrine derivation for this neoplasm instead of the more usual origin of salivary gland SCUCs in ductal epithelial or myoepithelial tissue.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intracerebral malignant fibrous histiocytoma: a light and electron microscopic study with immunohistochemistry.

A 65-year-old man presented with a tumor within the right cerebral hemisphere. Biopsy showed a pleomorphic neoplasm which was diagnosed as a malignant fibrous histiocytoma only after immunohistochemical and electron microscopic examination. Full clinical and radiological investigation, including total body CAT scanning, failed to reveal any other deposits, and thus it is believed to have arisen in the brain. It is emphasised that this diagnosis could not have been reached had only conventional histological techniques been available.

Aged↗