Biomedical subjects

J Iñigo

Publications and source records attributed to J Iñigo.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Tuberculosis trends in Madrid, 1994-2003: impact of immigration and HIV infection.

SETTING: Tuberculosis (TB) cases reported from nine districts of Madrid, where the percentage of immigrant population varied from 1.9% in 1996 to 12.2% in 2003. OBJECTIVE: To describe the trends in TB incidence from 1994 to 2003. DESIGN: Observational study. RESULTS: Between 1994-1995 and 2002-2003, the TB rate decreased from 48.5 (95% CI 45.8-51.1) to 23.3 per 100000 population (95% CI 21.5-25.1) (P < 0.001). The percentage of TB cases co-infected with HIV decreased from 55.9% in 1994 to 14.3% in 2003 (P < 0.001), whereas TB cases in foreigners increased from 2.6% in 1994 to 33.7% in 2003 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Although the TB rates showed a marked decrease in the study period, the increasing impact of immigration contributed to slowing down the trend.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Recent transmission of tuberculosis in Madrid: application of capture-recapture analysis to conventional and molecular epidemiology.

BACKGROUND: Population-based studies using a combination of molecular techniques and conventional epidemiological methods have been used to study the dynamics of tuberculosis (TB) transmission but the relative utility of each technique has not yet been established. METHODS: A prospective population-based molecular and epidemiological study of patients diagnosed with TB was conducted in three urban districts of Madrid (Spain) during 1997-1999. Analysis was performed using the capture-recapture method including covariates in which conventional epidemiological data and the information on clustered cases obtained by DNA fingerprinting were regarded as independent and complementary procedures. RESULTS: The estimate obtained by molecular analysis alone, that 31.6% of TB cases were due to recent transmission, was revised to 44.8% (95% CI: 31.4-58.2) using the capture-recapture method. The estimated completeness of the combined databases for identification of recent transmission was 59.2%. Underestimation of the true prevalence of recent transmission was higher with conventional epidemiology than molecular analysis, particularly for patients <35 years old and those with a history of imprisonment. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, use of the capture-recapture technique allowed us to combine epidemiological information obtained by conventional and molecular methods to quantify the number of cases of recently transmitted TB in the community and identify specific populations at high risk of disease. This information is clearly important because such groups are a prime target for improved TB control measures. In the long term, this combination of techniques may contribute significantly to control the spread of TB.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

The influence of HIV infection and imprisonment on dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a large Spanish city.

SETTING: Culture-positive cases of tuberculosis (TB) from the urban population of southern Madrid and from all the prisons located throughout the city. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency with which common strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cause disease among patients from both the urban and prison populations of a large Spanish city. DESIGN: Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed on culture-positive cases of TB identified between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998. Risk factors that might be associated with the dissemination of common strains of TB among the two populations were also investigated. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-one cases of culture-positive TB were identified, 99 (47.8%) of which were grouped in 23 clusters. Eleven were general clusters that spanned the prison and urban populations involved 69 patients (31.2%). Univariate analysis of risk factors showed that age <35 years, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, intravenous drug use and current or previous imprisonment were all associated at a statistically significant level with inclusion in general clusters. The final logistic regression model showed an interaction between HIV infection and incarceration. CONCLUSIONS: Dissemination of common strains of M. tuberculosis between prison inmates and the urban population of Madrid is significant, and involves subjects with a history of imprisonment and HIV infection.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Evolution of mortality from principal chronic diseases in Spain 1975-1988].

BACKGROUND: Most mortality in developed countries is attributable to chronic non transmittable diseases, many of which are theoretically susceptible to prevention. The tendency of mortality by the principal chronic diseases in Spain is reviewed with different prevention strategies of the same being discussed. METHODS: The 9 chronic diseases which presented the highest mortality rate in Spain in 1988 are included. The rates of mortality, adjusted by age/year in males and females was calculated from the data of deaths by age, sex and cause of death from death statistics. Moreover, the percentage of the mean annual change of these during the periods 1975-1981 and 1982-1988 have also been calculated. RESULTS: Except for mortality by malignant tumor of the colon and rectum, malignant lung tumor in males and malignant breast tumors in women, which had an increase, the remaining diseases in the adjusted mortality rate by age decreased between 1975-1988. CONCLUSIONS: Among the diseases in which the rate of mortality has increased there is only that of malignant lung tumors for which one factor has consistently been identified as responsible for this increase, that being smoking. The possible influence of the control of arterial hypertension in the decrease in mortality of cerebrovascular disease must be emphasized. Moreover, the impact which the ninth review of the International Disease Classification had in the reduction in mortality by chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma must also be pointed out.

Bronchitis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology and costs of severe sepsis in Madrid. A hospital discharge study].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Severe sepsis is a complex syndrome to define, diagnose and treat. This population-based study describes the epidemiology of sepsis in the Region of Madrid, estimates its incidence and mortality, and assesses its impact on hospital stays and costs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The source of information was the Minimum Basic Hospital Data Set from the Region of Madrid in 2001. Severe sepsis cases were defined as discharges with a combination of organic failure and presence or suspicion of infection through a combination of codes previously proposed and utilized. A descriptive study was performed, incidence rates were calculated, lengths of stay and costs were estimated, and mortality was analyzed. RESULTS: 6,968 episodes were identified. Mean age was 62.5 year. 59.7% were male. Annual incidence was 14.1/10,000 inhabitants, being highest for those 84 and older (230.8/10,000). 1.7 infections per episode were detected. More frequently identified microorganisms were Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Escherichia coli and Candida sp. The most frequent organic dysfunctions were renal (39.7%) and respiratory (35.7%). Mortality was 33%. Mortality was higher in cases with more than one organic failure, hepatic dysfunction or cancer. Mean length of stay was 28.9 day. Annual overall costs were 70 million euros. CONCLUSIONS: Severe sepsis is a frequent process, with a high mortality and a significant impact on health care resource utilization.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Lipidic profile: evolution, tendency and tracking from infancy to adulthood. PECNA Study].

Cardiovascular diseases start during infancy, although the clinical manifestations show themselves during adulthood. Since the year 1987 a (PECNA) study has been underway in Navarra to analyse the epidemiology of the cardiovascular risk factors of the infant-juvenile population. This paper presents the evolution of the lipidic profile from 4 to 23 years of age, the tendency from 1987 to 1993, the evolution of the prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia seric cholesterol >200 mg/dl and the tracking from infancy to adult age. Outstanding amongst the results are the differences between the lipidic profile in both sexes, as well as the observed fall in the average levels of total seric cholesterol and in the prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia. With regard to the tracking, it is concluded that between 50% and 55% of individuals belonging to the extreme quintile of the distribution of the lipidic variables persist at this level six years later.

English Abstract↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Child obesity in Navarra: evolution, tendency and relation between child and adult obesity. Pecna study].

INTRODUCTION: Excess of weight at an adult age is linked to an increased risk of dying. Obesity during childhood has been increasing in recent years in the developed countries. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of obesity in an infant-youth population of Navarra and its follow up over six years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Longitudinal study of a cohort formed by 1,164 children of both sexes of 4, 10 and 17 years of age at the start of the study, with data collection in 1987 and 1993. Obesity was calculated using the Index of Corporal Mass or Quetelet Index (QI) higher than percentile 90 for their age and sex. RESULTS: The rate of response obtained was 63.3% (n=737). Between 1987 and 1993 there was an increase of 5% in the obese population (p<0.01). There is a significant correlation (r=0.72) between the values of the QI at the start of the study and those obtained at its conclusion. Some 61.4% of the individuals belonging to the higher quintile of the sample at the start of the study continued belonging to this quintile after six years of follow up. CONCLUSIONS: There was an increase in obesity, in correspondence with the findings of similar studies. There is good "tracking" between obesity during childhood and its presence at an adult age. The strategies for prevention of obesity must start from infancy.

English Abstract↗