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Biomedical subjects

J Ilmarinen

Publications and source records attributed to J Ilmarinen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Promotion of work ability, the quality of work and retirement.

In this study, the validity of a model designed to promote the work ability of aging workers was examined. The target areas of work ability promotion were searched for the characteristics that explain work ability the best. In addition, the way work ability relates to the quality of work and retirement was examined. The subjects (n = 1101) participated in the follow-up study on aging Finnish workers in 1992 and 1997. The results consistently supported the model for promoting work ability. All four areas of focus-(i) work demands and the environment; (ii) work organization and the work community; (iii) the promotion of workers' health and functional capacity; and (iv) the promotion of professional competence-proved to be strongly associated with work ability. Good work ability was associated with a high quality of work and the enjoyment of staying in one's job. It also predicted active and meaningful retirement.

Aging↗
PubMed1997

Finnish research project on aging workers in 1981-1992.

The objective of this follow-up study of aging workers was to determine changes in the work, life-style, health, functional capacity, and stress symptoms of Finnish municipal employees from 1981 to 1992. In addition, factors that predict improvement or decline in the ability to work were studied. With the use of this information, attempts were made to produce practical measures to decrease the work-related health risks of elderly workers and increase factors promoting work ability. Along with the stress-strain model applied in the study, the reference frame of the World Health Organization (WHO) was used. The WHO model emphasizes the interaction between work, life-style, aging, and health. Work, life-style, health, work ability, and stress symptoms were studied through the use of comprehensive questionnaire surveys in 1981, 1985 and 1992. Initially, all the subjects (N = 6257) were employed in municipal occupations. During the follow-up, the data were supplemented by information on disability to work and mortality. The changes in work, life-style, health, work ability, and stress symptoms were examined among employees who worked in the same job (N = 924) during the entire follow-up period.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Life-style, aging and work ability among active Finnish workers in 1981-1992.

OBJECTIVES: Life-style is an important factor in explaining the changes in health and well-being in old age. In this study life-style was defined according to Abel's definition as combining life chances and life conduct. The main question concerned the change in life-style components and work ability over a 11-year period. METHODS: The study population comprised workers who responded to a questionnaire in both 1981 and 1992 and were still working in 1992 (N = 924). The changes in the dimensions of life-style (hobbies, living habits, life satisfaction) were tested with Pearson's chi-square test. The associations between life-style, work ability, and health were analyzed by correspondence analysis. RESULTS: Physical activity was the life-style factor that showed a major change; it increased among both genders. All other leisure-time activities decreased during the follow-up. The women's satisfaction with their life situation increased, but the men were less satisfied at the end of the study. Work ability, as measured with the work ability index, was a crucial factor in these changes. If the work ability remained good, the respondents were also more active and more satisfied with their life. This effect of work ability was strong, especially with respect to the men's satisfaction with their life situation. CONCLUSIONS: Life-style, work ability, and perceived health are highly associated, and studying them separately may give a simplistic view of the interaction between aging and work. In the future, more comprehensive approaches should be applied.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Changes in the work ability of active employees over an 11-year period.

OBJECTIVES: Changes in the work ability of active employees were followed over a period of 11 years. METHODS: Men and women in the same occupation (N = 818) in 1981-1992 assessed their work ability according to an index on current work ability, physical and mental work demands, diagnosed diseases, work impairment from disease, sickness absence, work ability prognosis, and psychological resources. Their mean initial age was 46.9 (range 44-51) years. The means and standard deviations of the work ability index and the prevalence rates of 4 work ability categories were followed with respect to age, gender, and job content. RESULTS: The mean work ability index declined significantly in 11 years for both genders. Its association with age and work was strong. Age of > or = 51 years and physical work load were critical factors affecting the work ability of both genders. At the mean age of 58 years, at least 25% of the installation, auxiliary, or transport workers had a poor work ability rating, as did the women doing kitchen supervision, auxiliary, and home care work. The annual rate of decline in work ability was highest for women aged 51 years at the onset of the study. Female teachers showed a less dramatic decline in work ability than male teachers. CONCLUSIONS: Work does not seem to prevent a decline in the work ability of men and women as they age. Therefore, measures to promote work ability should be started before the age of 51 years, especially for workers in physically demanding jobs.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Aging, work, life-style and work ability among Finnish municipal workers in 1981-1992.

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to explain changes in work ability through occupational and life-style factors. METHODS: Work ability was measured by an index describing workers' health resources in regard to their work demands. The work factors mainly included physical and mental demands, social organization and the physical work environment. The life-style factors covered smoking, alcohol consumption, and leisure-time physical exercise. The first questionnaire study was done in 1981 and it was repeated in 1992. The subjects (N = 818) were workers in the 44- to 51-year-old age group in the beginning of the study who were active during the entire follow-up. The improvement and, correspondingly, the decline in work ability were analyzed by logistic regression models. RESULTS: Both the improvement and the decline in work ability were associated more strongly with changes in work and life-style during the follow-up than with their initial variation. The model for improved work ability included improvement of the supervisor's attitude, decreased repetitive movements at work, and increased amount of vigorous leisure-time physical exercise. Deterioration in work ability was explained by a model which included a decrease in recognition and esteem at work, decrease in workroom conditions, increase in standing at work, and decrease in vigorous leisure-time physical exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Social relations at work can promote or impair the work ability of elderly workers. Although the work ability of elderly workers generally declined with aging, both older and younger workers were also able to improve their work ability.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effects of 10 h time zone changes on female flight attendants' circadian rhythms of body temperature, alertness, and visual search.

The aim of the study was to analyse the effects of rapid time zone changes on the circadian rhythms of flight attendants. The mean age of the 40 female subjects was 30.0 (SD = 6.9) years. Measurements of oral temperature, alertness, and visual search were performed at two hour intervals two days before the flight from Helsinki to Los Angeles, during the second and the fourth day in the USA and during the second and fourth day after the return flight to Finland. The body temperature desynchronized and the phases of the alertness and visual search rhythms shifted rapidly in the USA. After the return flight, the acrophases of the circadian rhythms delayed during the second and fourth day in Finland. During the fourth day the acrophase of alertness was 35 min and the acrophases of body temperature and visual search were 2 h 2 min and 3 h 8 min delayed, respectively. The mathematical model based on the C-, S- and W-process theory of alertness explained 25-96% of the variation of observed mean alertness of the subjects in different conditions. It is concluded that the duration of the de- and resynchronization process of the flight attendants' circadian rhythms is on the average longer than 9 days during and after round flights over ten time zones. The mean alertness of the subject can be predicted with considerable accuracy using the mathematical model.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Thermoregulation during rest and exercise in the cold in pre- and early pubescent boys and in young men.

Eight minimally dressed pre- and early pubescent boys (age 11-12 yr) and 11 young adult men (age 19-34 yr) rested for 20 min and exercised on a cycle ergometer for 40 min at approximately 30% of their maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) at 5 degrees C. To quantify the added increase in metabolic rate because of cold, a separate test was carried out at 21 degrees C at rest and at equal work rates as in the cold. Both groups were similar in subcutaneous fat thickness and VO2max per kilogram body weight. Rectal temperature increased slightly during the exposure to the cold, but no significant difference was observed between the boys and men. In the cold, the boys had lower skin temperatures than the adults in their extremities but not in the trunk. The boys increased their metabolic rates in the cold more than did the men. As a result, the boys maintained their core temperature as effectively as the adults. Similar age-related differences in thermoregulatory responses to cold were observed when two boys and two men with equal body sizes were compared. Our results suggest that there may be maturation-related differences in thermoregulation in the cold between children and adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Musculoskeletal capacity and its changes among aging municipal employees in different work categories.

Aging effects on musculoskeletal capacity were studied among 83 subjects over a four-year period beginning at about 51 years of age, and the associations between work demands and musculoskeletal capacity were studied in a cross-sectional investigation comprising 137 subjects (mean age about 55 years). The follow-up study showed significant changes in musculoskeletal capacity, maximal isometric trunk strength having decreased 16-22% and 9-10% among the men and women, respectively, and maximal trunk muscular endurance and back mobility having increased 21 and 14%, respectively, among the men. The cross-sectional study showed statistically significant differences in isometric handgrip strength and leg mobility among the men and in isometric trunk flexion strength and trunk muscular endurance among the women in the three studied work groups. The investigation suggested that changes in musculoskeletal capacity can be marked after the age of 50 years and that physically heavy occupations do not maintain a sufficient level of capacity among elderly workers.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Performance efficiency and its changes among aging municipal employees.

The aims of the study were to compare the performance efficiency of aging municipal workers in different work categories and to determine the changes that occurred in visual search, short-term memory, and fine motor performance over a four-year follow-up period beginning at about 51 years of age. The mental capacity of the workers in mental work was better than that of the workers in physical and mixed physical and mental work, and the results between the physical and mixed work groups did not differ significantly. In four years, the workers' complex short-term memory weakened 6-7% in all three work content groups. Fine motor speed decreased 2-7% in the physical and mental work groups. It was concluded that the mental capacity of older workers depends on the mental demands of their work tasks. The weakening of performance is 2-7% between the ages of 51 to 55 years.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Classification of municipal occupations.

Eighty-eight job titles were analyzed with the "ergonomic job analysis procedure" [Arbeitswissenschaftliche Erhebungsverfahren zur Tätigkeits-analyse abbreviated (AET) in German]. The objective was to classify the wide range of municipal jobs into homogeneous groups according to job demand and to provide better possibilities to study the relationships between work and health among the aging municipal working population. Altogether 216 items were classified. First, a hierarchical cluster analysis was made, and a dendrogram of the analyzed job titles was drawn. Second, a profile analysis was done in which the single items were grouped into 39 sum items, and a graphic profile was drawn. Finally, the stress factors were listed and drawn in ranking order. The cluster analysis formed 13 groups. Groups exposed to the highest stress factor level were kitchen supervisors, dentists, and physicians. More than 10 stress factors (greater than 50% of the maximum) were found in nursing, administration, installation, transport, and technical supervision.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Associations between functional capacity and work ability among elderly municipal employees.

The relationship between objectively measured physical and mental functional capacity and work ability was studied among 137 workers with a mean age of 55 years. Of the physical capacity tests muscular strength correlated the best with the constructed work ability index. Cardiorespiratory capacity and work ability did not correlate statistically significantly. About 50% of the subjects was classified uniformly, and less than 10% not uniformly, with respect to muscular strength. The correlation between cardiorespiratory capacity and work ability was significant for those without, but not for those with, a musculoskeletal disease. The mental capacity tests had systematically lower correlations with work ability than the tests for physical capacity. The highest statistically significant correlation was found between visuomotor speed and work ability. Objective measurements of muscular strength seem useful for defining work ability, but other tests need to be improved to be more work-related. Furthermore, musculoskeletal diseases should be checked for when cardiorespiratory capacity is assessed.

Aging↗