PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Indulski

Publications and source records attributed to J Indulski.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

The present state of occupational medicine in Poland.

Occupational medicine in Poland has a long tradition, dating back to the establishment of the first health-care institutions for industrial workers at an early stage of Poland's industrialization. Legal foundations of the industrial health-care system, based on the Soviet model, were enacted in 1953. During its most dynamic period of development (1970s and 1980s) the industrial health-care system provided medical services to about 6 million workers. The process of the political and economic transition in Poland began in 1989, and since 1991 there have been numerous transformations in the structure and function of industrial health services. The present article describes the main stages of the transformation process, occupational health training, research, advisory bodies, and the system for setting of hygienic standards.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1994

Induction, modification, and perception of the salicylic acid signal in plant defence.

Endogenous salicylic acid (SA) levels increase and several families of pathogenesis-related genes (including PR-1 and PR-2) are induced during the resistance response of tobacco to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection. We have found that at a temperature (32 degrees C) that prevents the induction of PR genes and resistance, the increases in SA levels were eliminated. However, when the resistance response was restored by shifting inoculated plants to lower temperatures, SA levels increased dramatically and preceded PR-1 gene expression and necrotic lesion formation associated with resistance. SA was also found in a conjugated form whose levels increased in parallel with the free SA levels. This SA beta-glucoside (SAG) was as active as SA in inducing PR-1 gene expression. PR-1 gene induction by SAG was preceded by a transient release of SA. The existence of a mechanism that releases SA from SAG suggests a possible role for SAG in the maintenance of systemic acquired resistance. Previously, we identified a soluble salicylic acid-binding protein (SABP) in tobacco whose properties suggest that it may play a role in transmitting the SA signal during plant defence responses. This SABP has been purified 250-fold by sequential chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, Sephacryl S-300, Blue Dextran-Agarose and Superose 6. Several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) raised against the highly purified SABP immunoprecipitated the SA-binding activity and a 280 kDa protein. This 280 kDa protein also co-purified with the SA-binding activity during the various chromatography steps, suggesting that it was responsible for binding SA. Immunoblot analysis with the SABP-specific mAbs also detected the 280 kDa protein in highly purified preparations of SABP. However, in crude homogenates these mAbs only recognized a 57 kDa protein. These and other results suggest that SABP is a multimeric complex which contains, at least, a 57 kDa protein and whose components are readily cross-linked during purification.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1993

Interconversion of the salicylic acid signal and its glucoside in tobacco.

Salicylic acid (SA) has been proposed to play a role in the induction of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in tobacco. Since SA is rapidly converted to salicylic acid beta-glucoside (SAG) in tobacco, we have attempted to assess the role of SAG in pathogenesis by application of chemically synthesized SAG to tobacco leaves. SAG was as active as SA in induction of PR-1 gene expression. This induction was preceded by a transient release of SA, which occurred in the extracellular spaces. The existence of a mechanism that releases SA from SAG suggests a possible role for SAG in SAR.

Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1993

Mortality and life expectancy in Poland 10 years before the end of the century.

"In the article we discuss the mortality rates in Poland by [voivodship] at the end of the 80's. In the comparative analysis, we employed general standardized rates of deaths for men and women, and coefficients presenting the levels of mortality resulting from...circulatory system diseases and malignant neoplasms.... In the second part of the paper, we examine the differences in...life expectancy by sex and administrative provinces."

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1993

[Quantitative risk assessment of environmental health hazards: exposure,risk and hazard].

The setting of regulations which are aimed at reducing or eliminating the effects of exposure should be preceded by the risk assessment procedures. The quantitative risk assessment is one of the methods to estimate the probability of adverse health effects caused by the exposure. In this paper the fundamental notions of exposure, risk and hazard have been discussed. The quantitative risk assessment includes four steps: hazard identification, exposure evaluation and assessment of the relationship between the level of exposure and the occurrence of adverse health effects (dose-response relationship) and risk characterization. It should be stressed that the numerical values obtained from the risk assessment should be considered in combination with other relevant data available, rather than be regarded as direct indices. Then the risk assessment will allow estimating the most likely range of risk for a particular hazard under study.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1992

[Biological markers--a new trend in evaluating the effects of the environment on the body].

Deepening changes in the environment, resulting from the industrialization process, have a negative effect upon human health. They increase specific health effects and bring about higher incidence of common diseases. Biomarkers make it possible to evaluate the organism's reaction toward the hazardous effects of exposure to noxious chemicals of the environmental origin. Biomarkers reflect the changes in the exposed organisms and make it possible to assess exposure, its health effects and susceptibility to toxic agents. At the moment, research is under was aimed at finding biomarkers for the neoplastic process and determining the neurotoxic effects, changes in the reproductive system, immunotoxic effects as well as toxic changes in such organs as liver, kidneys and lungs.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1990

The relationship between exposure monitoring and health status in the occupational setting. An information system on exposure levels and occupational diseases.

The relationship between the level of occupational exposure to different noxious factors and the health consequences of these in exposed populations is discussed using cadmium, lead, carbon disulphide and vinyl chloride as examples of occupational pollutants. The legal status and organizational system of monitoring the exposure to occupational pollutants and health effects in Poland are presented. The scope and sources of data on the occupational exposure level as well as the register of occupational diseases are evaluated.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

The strategy of targetted health surveillance. I. Evaluation of the health effects of exposure to carcinogens. Malformations and neoplasms in children. Reproduction disorders.

In highly developed countries, prophylactic medical examinations to evaluate the general health condition of workers and health effects of exposure to toxins have, in the past, been administered early in their work history. Presently, there is a trend towards developing new methods of early detection of occupational and work-related diseases. Thus, individuals oversensitive to agents in their working environment could be prevented from exposure. However, the gap between the capabilities offered theoretically by new methods and their practical application in prophylactic examinations remains quite large. Part I of the presented study is focused on three essential issues of public concern specified in the given subtitles.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Occupational medicine in the XXI century--the role and tasks of the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Lódź].

The article presents strategy and goals of study program in occupational health for the years 1991-1995. Five strategy lines and corresponding to them goals have been determined. These are: (1) Development and implementation of detailed programmes for preventing the main occupational and work-related diseases causing the substantial social-economic losses to limit health effects induced by occupational exposure; (2) Development, integration and improvement of chemical safety system to limit environmental exposure to chemicals and to reduce health consequences due to living and working environment pollution with chemicals; (3) Development and implementation of methods of psychophysical effort load evaluation, methods of proper vocational selection and principles of preventive action to limit work strenuosness and changes in health status induced by process and organization of work; (4) Increasing the effectiveness and extension of health care and preventive activities for national economy workers; (5) Development and practical implementation of modern programmes of training in occupational health (under- and postgraduate) together with preparing didactic aids and scientific-technical information. The last line of study programme will be preceded by discussion taking into account the currently available financial means and scientific facilities.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1989

Mutagenicity of airborne particulates in the rubber industry.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the mutagenic activity of airborne particulate matter in the rubber industry. Air was sucked through Whatman glass-fibre filters with Staplex pumps and adsorbed substances and fume particles were extracted with acetone or toluene for 2 h in a ultrasonic cleaner. After separation of the insoluble solid phase by filtration, solvent was evaporated at a temperature of 70 degrees C in an argon atmosphere. The residue was stored at -20 degrees C. Mutagenicity was determined by the Salmonella plate incorporation assay with the tester strain TA98 and activity is related either to the weight of aerosol (rev mg-1) or to the volume of atmospheric sample (rev m-3). The fumes emitted from the tyre tread line, calender feeding, and tyre vulcanizing processes, showed the highest mutagenic activity (55-211 rev mg-1, + S9). At these and at other workplaces (extruder mill, carbon black station, mixer loading), mutagenic activity related to the volume of air was in the range of 22-158 rev m-3, + S9. The results indicate the need to reduce and monitor mutagenic contamination in order to increase the safety of work in the rubber industry.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1989

[Necessity of changes and trends in the health care system for the workers in Poland].

Authors define current organizing conditions and work effects of the industrial health service in Poland. They indicate these elements of diagnosis which effect the poor effectiveness of this health care unit. They also discuss the tasks assigned for health service in plants which were imposed by the ILO compact No 161 in 1985, and declare prompt implementation of the tasks in Poland. Suggestions concerning health insurance operative for all economic subjects are presented. The implementation of this kind of insurance would be one of indispensable modifications in the health care system of the working population. The range of free medical services available within this insurance would include a complex of preventive measures and medical assistance in case of disasters and life-threatening circumstances.

Health Benefit Plans, Employee↗
PubMed1989

[Detection of the early effects of occupational exposure].

The diagnosis of early effects at the level of molecular lesions, usually fully reversible, is the primary preventive task within occupational health service. Due to the effects of individually differentiated adaptability potential on biochemical changes, the most reliable information on early effects of exposures may be derived from epidemiological studies. The complexity of molecular epidemiology is exemplified by the diagnosis of early effects of lead exposure.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1988

[Genetic problems in occupational medicine].

The investigation has been aimed at the genetically conditioned increased sensitivity to occupational hazards. Special attention should be paid to population's genetic differentiation at setting up hygienic standards and interpretation of results of biological absorption tests. As problems related to genetically conditioned increased sensitivity to hazards are particularly significant in the countries with the population's considerable biochemical differentiation or considerable rate of the so called biochemical deficits, therefore the problem gets more intense as more immigrants from Asiatic and African countries are employed in European industries. In the authors' opinion, correctly arranged pre-employment studies should reduce the number of poisonings in chemical industry.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1986

[Problems in preventing occupational neoplasms of chemical etiology].

Authors present the grounds of prophylactic system and discuss some following elements of it: identification of chemical cancerogens, collection of data on location and magnitude of exposure, monitoring of health effects resulting from exposure, and application of preventive means. Necessity of novelization of sanitary regulations on toxicological examinations of chemicals, both the already used and introduced to industrial technology is considered. The need of setting up an informatic system on occupational exposure to cancerogenic substances is underlined by authors as well.

Chemical Industry↗