Foster family care for mentally retarded people: a qualitative review.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Intagliata.
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Mentally retarded adults (N = 338) placed from five state institutions were studied 2 to 4 years, after they were placed in either foster family care or community residences. Factors of the social environment that were most predictive of individual adjustment were determined. Adjustment was defined as behavior in five areas of functioning: self-care, behavior control, community-living skills, use of community resources, and social support. Multiple regression analysis revealed that social environmental factors and other characteristics of community settings played an important role in individuals' adjustment. Important features of the social environment were similar across both settings.
Physicians have been criticized regarding their role in dealing with retarded persons and families. Reviews of medical education programs suggest that physicians are not adequately trained in this area. The present study of 64 U.S. medical schools indicates that almost half presented only minimal coverage on the topic of mental retardation and offered inadequate clinical experience. The study concludes that there are deficiencies in medical education in mental retardation as well as in all other forms of chronic disability. A possible solution to this dilemma is to require a multidisciplinary course in chronic disabilities to teach medical students about the psychological and physical problems of the disabled.
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Increased concern for the rights of the handicapped has led to changes in the philosophy of treatment for the mentally retarded. Normalization means that the retarded child has the right to live in an environment that most encourages normalized behavior. This concept is often in opposition to institutionalization. The doctrine of least restrictive alternative requires treatment strategies that minimize the degree of infringement on patients' rights without jeopardizing the likelihood of positive outcomes.
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The use of outpatient services by alcoholics can be significantly increased by means of a telephone follow-up procedure.
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