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Biomedical subjects

J Irvine

Publications and source records attributed to J Irvine.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Characterisation of ovine mast cells derived from in vitro culture of haemopoietic tissue.

Ovine mast cells generated in vitro from bone marrow (BMMC) were compared with mucosal mast cells (MMC) isolated from parasitised abomasum. Ultrastructurally, the granules of BMMC were partially developed and immature. Both cells types contained beta-hexosaminidase, arylsulfatase, histamine, dopamine and sheep mast cell proteinase (SMCP). Greater amounts of beta-hexosaminidase, but less SMCP, histamine and arylsulfatase were present in BMMC. Stimulation with calcium ionophore A23187 caused the secretion of granule constituents and generation of leukotriene C4 by BMMC in a dose-dependent manner. An additional [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate-binding 31,500 mol. wt. serine esterase, antigenically related to SMCP (27,000 mol. wt.) was present in cultures of BMMC but was not detected in isolated MMC. Both enzymes were detected in BMMC by Day 7 of culture and were secreted concomitantly following stimulation of BMMC with ionophore.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1992

Actinic prurigo: clinical features and prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Actinic prurigo, an idiopathic familial photodermatosis, has been described in Amerindians in Manitoba, Canada, as well as in the United States, Mexico, and South America. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to describe the clinical features and prognosis of actinic prurigo in Amerindians in Saskatchewan, Canada. METHODS: Clinical examinations, questionnaires, phototesting, and laboratory tests were used. RESULTS: We present a series of 93 Amerindian patients. The face is the most commonly involved area. A hereditary tendency, cheilitis, and pruritus are prominent features. One third of patients report some lesions, often minor, during the winter. The majority of patients phototested were sensitive to ultraviolet A light. CONCLUSION: We find the age of onset of actinic prurigo to be the most important feature in determining the type of eruption and the prognosis for the patient. In general the younger ages of onset (up to 20 years of age) are associated with cheilitis and more acute eruptions and are more likely to improve over 5 years. Those who develop actinic prurigo as adults (21 years of age and older) tend to have a milder and more persistent dermatosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Hydronephrosis and pyelonephritis associated with an anomalous vas deferens in a bull.

Hydronephrosis and pyelonephritis were diagnosed in a 2-year-old Limousin bull. Salient historical and clinical observations included weight loss, anorexia, intermittent colic, polyuria, polydypsia, and an ammoniacal breath odor. Intravenous treatment with fluids and antibiotics did not induce a favorable response. An anomalous vas deferens was observed on postmortem examination. The vas deferens ended in a blind polyp that protruded into the lumen of the urethra. This polyp may have caused chronic intermittent obstruction, predisposing to the hydronephrosis and pyelonephritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Prevalence of Type A behavior in untreated hypertensive individuals.

Type A behavior has been associated with coronary heart disease as well as high cholesterol and smoking, major risk factors for coronary heart disease, but the data indicating a similar association with hypertension are inconsistent. Since past studies have usually based hypertension on a single blood pressure assessment or have often included treated hypertensive patients, this inconsistency is not surprising. The current study compared the prevalence of Type A behavior (assessed by Rosenman's structured interview) between 109 untreated hypertensive subjects and 109 age-, sex-, ethnic-, and occupation-matched normotensive subjects. Hypertension status was based on five repeated assessments over a 5-month period. Results indicated that Type A behavior is more prevalent in untreated, mildly hypertensive employed individuals than occupationally matched normotensive subjects. Type A component analysis confirmed the importance of hostility and certain vigorous voice stylistics in predicting cardiovascular conditions. These findings, taken together with the evidence linking Type A behavior with high cholesterol and cigarette smoking, further support the view that this behavior pattern is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

HLA typing in actinic prurigo.

Thirty-two actinic prurigo patients of Cree ancestry underwent human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) typing and were compared with 32 control subjects of Cree ancestry. We found a significantly increased frequency of HLA-A24 and Cw4 antigens and a significant decrease in the frequency of the A3 antigen in actinic prurigo patients. These HLA associations may be helpful in determining whether actinic prurigo is a distinct disease or a variant of polymorphous light eruption.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Mapping of the rat mast cell granule proteinases RMCPI and II by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and paired immunofluorescence.

The distribution of the rat mast cell granule proteinases, rat mast cell proteinase I and II (RMCPI and II respectively) has been determined in rat tissues with the aid of highly sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and paired immunofluorescence. The major source of RMCPII is the gastrointestinal tract, although low concentrations were also detected in non-mucosal sites including thymus, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, bone marrow, heart, kidney and spleen. Cellular localization by paired immunofluorescence showed that most cells contained either RMCPI or RMCPII, although a minor subpopulation in which individual cells contained both proteinases was also identified in a few tissues. RMCPII-containing cells predominated at mucosal surfaces but were also found in non-mucosal tissues. Individual cells expressing both RMCPI and II were present in lung, liver mesenteric lymph node and submucosa of stomach and were occasionally represented amongst serosal cells from the peritoneal cavity. Connective tissue mast cells of skin and tongue were identified as major sources of RMCPI, although this proteinase was widely distributed in all tissues examined. The present study demonstrates the heterogeneity of mast cell proteinase phenotypes in the rat and emphasises the difficulties in determining mast cell subtypes on tissue location alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Interaction of murine intestinal mast cell proteinase with inhibitors (serpins) in blood; analysis by SDS-PAGE and western blotting.

The interaction of mouse intestinal mast cell proteinase (IMCP) with serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins) in blood was analysed: (i) by examining the capacity of the inhibitors in blood to block the binding of the irreversible serine esterase inhibitor [3H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP); (ii) by Western blotting. The binding of [3H]DFP to IMCP was blocked very rapidly by inhibitors in mouse serum and, by Western blotting, this inhibition was associated with the appearance of a 73,000 MW proteinase/inhibitor complex together with a series of higher (greater than 100,000) MW complexes. IMCP was not dissociated from these complexes when electrophoresed under reducing conditions, although prior heat treatment of mouse serum (60 for 30-160 min) abolished the formation of all proteinase/inhibitor complexes. Similarly, the activity of a 48,000 MW inhibitor of chymotrypsin was abolished by heat treatment. A titration experiment established that between 0.5 and 5 mg IMCP were inhibited per ml of serum. The properties and MW of the IMCP inhibitor complexes are typical of serpins and suggest that IMCP secreted during intestinal immunological reactions would be rapidly and irreversibly inactivated by plasma-derived inhibitors.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Electric shock and associated injuries.

Electrical current can affect every organ system in the body as a result of heating, electrogenic changes and vascular injury. The clinical features following electric shock are variable and can simulate crush or thermal injuries.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1987

Increased intraocular pressure following endarterectomy.

Two patients are presented with neovascularization of the iris due to ischemia secondary to decreased blood flow through the carotid arteries. Panretinal photocoagulation was followed by regression of the new iris blood vessels to a greater extent in one patient than in the other. Following carotid endarterectomy, intraocular pressure increased, and, in one case, filtering surgery was required. Possible mechanisms for the rise in intraocular pressure following carotid endarterectomy are discussed.

Carotid Artery Diseases↗
PubMed1983

Nutritional intakes of socioculturally mentally retarded children vs. children of low and average socioeconomic status.

The adequacy of dietary intakes of socioculturally mentally retarded children, nonretarded children of low socioeconomic status (SES), and nonretarded children of average SES were studied. The socioculturally retarded children showed significantly lower daily intakes of almost all basic nutritional substances than did the nonretarded children in either the low- or average-SES groups. We also found that the socioculturally retarded group's intake of iron, calcium, thiamine, and ascorbic acid was below National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council recommended daily allowance levels, a finding that did not occur for either of the other groups. Although the precise developmental significance of these findings is somewhat unclear, it seems prudent to incorporate a focus on dietary provisions (as well as on other home conditions) in future intervention programs for children at high-risk for sociocultural mental retardation.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Ontogenesis of spontaneous activity and habituation of activity in the rat pup.

Individual components of activity and habituation of activity were determined throughout the 1st month of life in the rat pup. Total activity increased from 25% at 8 days of age to 68% at 22 days before declining to 49% at 26 days. Total slight activity (predominantly sniffing) increased to a maximum of 33% at 15 days whereas total very active behavior (predominantly ambulation) reached its maximum of 38% at 22 days. Habituation of activity expressed as the mean slope of decrement of activity over the 1st 30 min of the observation period was observed in rats as young as 8 days of age. By 12 days, habituation of total activity had increased significantly reflecting a 3-fold increase ihabituation of slight activity, an effect observed at 15 days as well. However, by 19 days the slope of activity decrement had declined to half of its 15-day value, indicating an impairment of habituation and reflecting the attenuation of very active behavior, predominantly ambulation. This decline in habituation continued through 22 days but by 26 days habituation of activity had increased again reaching a maximum for the 1st month of postnatal life. Our results suggest that the phenomenon of behavioral arousal observed in the developing rat pup 19 days of age reflects an inability of the organism to modulate his activity as effectively as the 15-day- or 26-day-old animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Variations in acute multifocal histoplasmic choroiditis in the primate.

Experimental histoplasmic choroiditis was produced in primates by intracarotid injections of living H. capsulatum organisms. The severity of the choroiditis varied with inoculum size, as well as with site of injection (common carotid vs. internal carotid artery). A reproducible model of histoplasmic choroiditis in primates was produced with an internal carotid injection of 5,000 to 10,000 organisms/lb. The clinical and histopathological course of this acute choroiditis over the first 30 days is presented.

Acute Disease↗