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Biomedical subjects

J Ito

Publications and source records attributed to J Ito.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The P300 event-related potentials in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Correlations between P300 and monoamine metabolites.

We studied auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) in 40 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). Peak latencies and amplitudes of N100, P200 and P300 components were measured. To study the possible relationships between the ERPs and monoaminergic neurotransmitter functions, CSF neurotransmitter metabolites were also analyzed. In patients with DAT, the P300 amplitude was significantly reduced and the P300 latency was prolonged. CSF concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were decreased. The P300 amplitude was significantly correlated with the 5-HIAA concentration. There were no correlations between the P300 components and the HVA concentration. These findings suggest that the serotonergic system modulates the P300 component of ERPs in patients with DAT.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Suppression of tinnitus by cochlear implantation.

INTRODUCTION: Transcutaneous and transpromontory electrical stimulation has been described for the treatment of tinnitus. Based on these observations, we postulate that cochlear implantation may relieve tinnitus. METHOD: Twenty patients who underwent cochlear implantation since 1987 were studied. Preimplantation tinnitus was documented and quantified. The change in tinnitus after implantation was investigated. RESULT: Before cochlear implantation, 90% of the patients experienced tinnitus. Electrical stimulation of the promontory resulted in relief of tinnitus in 72% of the patients. After cochlear implantation, tinnitus was abolished in 44% and decreased in 39%, for an overall improvement in 83%. CONCLUSION: Cochlear implantation has the added benefit of tinnitus suppression in the majority of patients. The mechanism of this suppression remains uncertain. However, this information may be valuable in structuring subsequent treatment programs for patients with tinnitus.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Muscle histopathology in spastic cerebral palsy.

We studied the histopathology of spastic muscles in patients with spastic cerebral palsy using specimens obtained from the gastrocnemius muscles during orthopedic operations. Though there was no disease-specific abnormality, we found changes in fiber type distribution, i.e., type-1 fiber predominance and type-2B fiber deficiency. These changes were not found in the patient with brain infarction at age 1 year 5 months. Variation in fiber size, especially in type-1 fibers, was also detected in older patients and at the more severely affected sides. We speculated that the influence on the spinal motor unit from upper motor cortex might be applicable to the muscle histological findings and the time of the onset of the brain damage might be important.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hirschsprung disease, unusual face, mental retardation, epilepsy, and congenital heart disease: Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome.

A 5-year-old girl with Hirschsprung disease, unusual facial appearance, psychomotor retardation, epilepsy, and congenital heart disease is reported. Patients with similar clinical features have been reported and they appear to exhibit the recently identified Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome. It is believed that this girl also exhibits this new syndrome. Cranial computed tomography demonstrated abnormal findings that may suggest defective neuronal migration and/or dysgenesis of the brain. These findings were considered to cause psychomotor retardation and epilepsy in this patient.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arachnoid granulations of the posterior fossa: CT and MR findings.

The radiological appearance of typically located arachnoid granulations on craniograms is well known. Arachnoid granulations of unusual size and location should be distinguished from pathological processes. We analyzed six patients with arachnoid granulations in the posterior fossa. Characteristic findings of arachnoid granulations were disclosed by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging; a punched out-like bone defect from the inner table into the outer table on CT scans and intensity similar to that of the cerebrospinal fluid in all pulse sequences on MR images.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Apoptosis in retinal ganglion cell decrease in human glaucomatous eyes.

Hematoxylin-eosin staining, the TUNEL method for in situ detection of the intranuclear DNA fragmentation, which indicates apoptosis, and electron microscopy were used to study the morphologic changes in specimens from the eyes of 8 patients with secondary glaucoma and 2 normal control eyes to evaluate our hypothesis that apoptosis causes a decrease in retinal ganglion cells in human glaucomatous eyes. The TUNEL method permits identification of intranuclear DNA fragmentation. Apoptosis was found in the ganglion cells of 2 glaucomatous eyes with recent sight loss, and in the ganglion cells of a control eye from a 95-year-old subject, taken at autopsy. Results of our study indicate that a decrease in retinal ganglion cells in glaucomatous eyes is caused by apoptosis. In addition, apoptosis resulting from aging must be considered in order to understand the reduction of retinal ganglion cells in the glaucomatous eyes of elderly patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Small cortical infarcts mimicking metastatic tumors.

Small cortical enhancing lesions mimicking metastases were demonstrated on contrast imaging in three patients without specific neurologic deficits corresponding to the lesions. One patient had a long carcinoma. However, all had cardiac arrhythmias known as major sources of cerebral emboli. Two had early cerebral infarcts and ischemic heart diseases. The lesions disappeared spontaneously on follow-up studies. They were subsequently presumed to be small infarcts. Clinical information and follow-up examinations are important to differentiate these small cortical lesions from metastases.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

"Pseudoocclusion" of the internal carotid artery: a pitfall on intracranial MRA.

We report a case showing "pseudoocclusion" of the internal carotid artery as a pitfall on intracranial MRA. Pseudoocclusion was attributed to magnetic susceptibility artifacts with metallic substances located proximal to a slab. The same finding could be reproduced on experimental MRA with a small steel coil applied on the anterior neck of a volunteer at the level of the carotid bifurcation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Decreased signal intensity of the middle cerebellar peduncle on diffusion-weighted MRI in patients with large supratentorial lesions.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to evaluate signal intensity change of the middle cerebellar peduncles on diffusion-weighted imaging in patients with large supratentorial lesions. METHODS: Signal intensity of the middle cerebellar peduncles was measured using a region of interest in 40 normal control subjects and in 28 patients with moyamoya disease on axial diffusion-weighted imaging with the motion-probing gradient perpendicular to the image. An additional six patients without moyamoya but with large supratentorial sequelae of hemorrhage or infarction were also included. RESULTS: There was no difference in signal intensity between both middle cerebellar peduncles in normal subjects, but lower signal intensity was consistently observed in the contralateral middle cerebellar peduncle in 12 moyamoya patients with large supratentorial lesions in the middle cerebral artery distribution. This finding was observed in the six non-moyamoya patients, too. CONCLUSION: Decreased signal intensity of the contralateral middle cerebellar peduncle might be a remote effect caused by a large supratentorial lesion in a crossed cerebellar fashion.

Adolescent↗