[Loperamide and childhood diarrhea].
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Child↗
Biomedical subjects
J Iversen
Publications and source records attributed to J Iversen.
Urinary excretion patterns of pseudouridine and beta-aminoisobutyric acid in patients with tumours of the urinary bladder.
The preoperative and postoperative values of urinary pseudouridine:creatinine (phi:C) and beta-aminoisobutyric acid:creatinine (beta AIB:C) were estimated, in 192 patients with urothelial tumours of the bladder, 92 of whom had not previously been diagnosed. Urinary phi:C ratio correlated with the grade of tumour cell dysplasia (being highest in dysplasia grade 3), and to a lesser extent with the clinical stage. The treatment had no major influence on the excretion ratios. Decreased ratios, or those within the reference range, were associated with a better prognosis than increased ratios, and if both were increased at the same time the risk for progression of the disease was high. The biological tumour markers pseudouridine and beta-aminoisobutyric acid may be helpful in the diagnosis of tumours in the upper urinary tract, and in the follow-up of patients with tumours of the bladder.
Adult↗
Phase II trial of suramin in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: treatment results, pharmacokinetics, and tumor growth factor expression.
Twenty-six patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma were treated with suramin administered by continuous infusion, with dosing determined by a nomogram. One patient achieved a partial response and five patients achieved a minor response or had stable disease for > 3 months. Toxicities included an immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in one patient and Staphylococcus sepsis that was not associated with neutropenia in five patients. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by the ADAPT II MAP-Bayesian parameter estimation program. Patient data were fit using a two-compartment open model and first-order rate elimination. This showed a wide interpatient variation in time to target level (median, 13.8 days), volume of distribution (median, 15.2 liters/m2), and t1/2-beta (median, 20.6 days). The patients who achieved a partial response, minor response, or stable disease had a slower elimination rate of suramin, compared to patients with progressive disease. Tumor specimens were obtained prior to therapy and were analyzed for the production of five different growth factor-specific RNA transcripts. These included transforming growth factor alpha, acidic fibroblast growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor types A and B. No difference in the pattern of growth factor expression was seen in tumors of responding and nonresponding patients. Suramin does not have significant antitumor activity in renal cell carcinoma. The wide variability in pharmacokinetics suggests that individual dosing should be used in future trials of suramin for treatment for other malignancies. Pertinent corollary studies of tumor biology and clinical pharmacology should be included whenever possible in clinical trials in patients with renal cell carcinoma.
Adult↗
Evidence for G proteins in rat parotid plasma membranes and secretory granule membranes.
G proteins were identified in rat parotid plasma membrane-enriched fractions and in two populations of isolated secretory granule membrane fractions. Both [32P]ADP-ribosylation analysis with bacterial toxins and immunoblot analysis with crude and affinity-purified antisera specific for alpha subunits of G proteins were utilized. Pertussis toxin catalysed the ADP-ribosylation of a 41 kDa substrate in the plasma membrane fraction and both secretory granule membrane fractions. Cholera toxin catalysed the ADP-ribosylation of two substrates with molecular masses of 44 kDa and 48 kDa in the plasma membrane fraction but not in the secretory granule fractions. However, these substrates were detected in the secretory granule fractions when recombinant ADP-ribosylating factor was present in the assay medium. Immunoblot analysis of rat parotid membrane fractions using both affinity-purified and crude antisera revealed strong immunoreactivity of these membranes with anti-Gs alpha, -Gi alpha 1/alpha 2 and -Gi alpha 3 sera. In contrast Gs alpha was the major substrate found in both of the secretory granule fractions. Granule membrane fractions also reacted moderately with anti-Gi alpha 3 antiserum, and weakly with anti-Gi alpha 1/alpha 2 and -G(o) alpha sera. The results demonstrate that the parotid gland membranes express a number of G proteins. The presence of G proteins in secretory granule membranes suggests that they may play a direct role in regulating exocytosis in exocrine glands.
Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose↗
[Prevention of athletic injuries by changing the regulations. Experiences with a military obstacle track].
During a period of 12 months of military conscription, all of the injuries occurring on the obstacle track at the Antvorskov Barracks in Slagelse were registered. During the period of investigation, the regulations for employing the track were altered so that the heights of jumping down from obstacles were considerably reduced. The object of this investigation was to demonstrate any possible effect on the pattern of injuries. During the period, a total of 26 injuries were registered (3.78 injuries/conscript/1,000 hours activity). As compared with previous investigations, the frequency of injuries was reduced and practically all of the serious injuries were prevented. The proposed alterations in the techniques are recommended in future when conscripts employ the military obstacle track.
Adult↗
Ceftriaxone vs. ampicillin + metronidazole as prophylaxis against infections after clean-contaminated abdominal surgery.
In a prospective, controlled, double-blind study, 496 patients undergoing abdominal surgery were given antibiotic prophylaxis with a single dose of either ceftriaxone or ampicillin + metronidazole. No significant intergroup difference was found between the respective overall rates of infectious complications (3.2% and 4.9%). Analysis of the microbiologic findings showed incisional wound infections, mainly caused by gram-negative rods, to be more common in the ampicillin-metronidazole group, whereas deep wound infections were more frequent in the ceftriaxone group. It is concluded that ceftriaxone seems to be more efficient than ampicillin-metronidazole as prophylaxis against incisional wound infection, but should preferably be supplemented with an antianaerobic agent to prevent deep wound infections.
Abdomen↗
Indication for fiberoptic bronchoscopy in HIV-infected patients suspected for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
During a six-month period, 40 consecutive fiberoptic bronchoscopic procedures including bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial brushing and forceps biopsy were performed in local anaesthesia on 34 HIV-infected males presenting symptoms compatible with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. In 23 examinations, P. carinii was found. Sixteen examinations were non-diagnostic and one was unsuccessful. The clinical course confirmed the diagnoses of the P. carinii positive as well as the P. carinii negative patients. Except for a lower total lymphocyte count in the patients harbouring P. carinii, the two groups did not differ with regard to history, clinical examination, immunology, serology or chest radiograph. We conclude that fiberoptic bronchoscopy should be performed on wide indications in HIV-infected patients with symptoms compatible with P. carinii pneumonia. The procedure is easily performed, it is safe, and it is highly sensitive. The advantage of an early diagnosis compensates for a rather high frequency of negative examinations.
Adult↗
Excretion patterns of pseudouridine and beta-aminoisobutyric acid in patients with tumours of the upper urinary tract.
In 39 patients with either pelvic or renal cell tumours, the pre-operative urinary excretion ratios of pseudouridine/creatinine (psi:C) and beta-aminoisobutyric acid/creatinine (BAIB:C) were estimated. In 34/39 of the patients (87%), including both types of tumours, psi: C was found to be increased, and in only one patient was the value decreased. Twenty-five of the patients (64%) had a BAIB:C ratio within the normal range. 10 (25%) had increased and 4 (11%) decreased values. In 13 patients the psi:C and BAIB:C ratios from the affected side were compared with the values in urine from the bladder. Twelve of the patients had higher values of psi:C in the urine from the ureter. In seven patients the ureteric BAIB:C ratio was higher than the bladder BAIB:C ratio and in five patients the ureteric BAIB:C ratio was less than the bladder BAIB:C ratio. In only one patient were the values similar. The results indicate that patients with tumours of the upper urinary tract have changed excretion patterns compared with normal subjects and the urinary ratios on the affected side are different from those on the healthy side. The biological tumour markers pseudouridine and beta-aminoisobutyric acid may be helpful in the diagnosis of tumours in the upper urinary tract.
Adult↗
Bronchoscopy of symptom free patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus for detection of pneumocystosis.
No evidence of Pneumocystis carinii infection was found in eight symptom free patients who were positive for the human immunodeficiency virus and who underwent bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage, and brush biopsy. This suggests that the presence of Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoscopy material is likely to indicate pneumocystis infection.
Adult↗
[SOS-International--a safety for Scandinavian tourists, but choose destinations suitable to your health status].
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Humans↗
[History of Brønderslev Psychiatric Department is an entire volume].
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Community Mental Health Services↗
Acute phase reaction, heterogeneity, and microheterogeneity of serum proteins as nonspecific tumor markers in lung cancer.
The acute phase proteins, orosomucoid, ceruloplasmin, antitrypsin, and haptoglobin were measured in serum from 54 patients with lung cancer, 16 patients with benign lung inflammation, and 30 healthy individuals. A statistical correlation was found between tumor size and acute phase protein level, which, however, was ascribed to nonspecific inflammation in the tissues surrounding the tumor. The patients who subsequently could not be radically treated by surgery had higher concentrations of orosomucoid and ceruloplasmin than the radically treated patients. No difference in acute phase protein concentration was found between benign and malignant disease. The glycan-dependent microheterogeneity of orosomucoid and ceruloplasmin was analyzed by crossed affinoimmunoelectrophoresis with lectins, and the patterns of the patients with benign inflammation and malignant disease were different. The heterogeneity of ceruloplasmin was also analyzed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis without lectin. This analysis, combined with the total serum concentration of ceruloplasmin, made it possible to discriminate the 54 cases of malignancy from the 46 cases of nonmalignancy with a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 93%. It is suggested that the simple electrophoretic analyses of (micro-)heterogeneity is a valuable supplement to the acute phase profile in isolating high-risk patients and in monitoring radically treated cancer patients for relapse.
Acute-Phase Proteins↗
Glucoregulation in acute liver failure.
Five patients with fatal acute liver failure, given 5 g h-1 of glucose for the previous 12 h, were investigated by the hyper- and euglycaemic glucose 'clamp' technique, and the results compared with reported control values. Initial average blood glucose concentration was normal (6.0 mmol l-1, range 5.0-8.8). Plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations were increased about tenfold (1450 pmol l-1, range 330-4021, and 3000 pmol l-1, range 670-7650, respectively). The whole body glucose metabolic rate was decreased to about half control values (21 mumol min-1 kg-1, range 6-28) and the insulin sensitivity of the glucose metabolism was decreased to about 15% (9.4 m3 min-1 kg-1, range 3.6-14.4). The calculated metabolic clearance of insulin was normal (520 ml min-1 (m2)-1, range 305-1027) and the calculated systemic delivery rate of insulin was about sixfold increased (1135 pmol min-1 (m2)-1, range 474-2010). The initial glucagon concentrations were fifty-fold increased (550 pmol 1, range 72-1309) and not suppressible by glucose and insulin. The patients thus exhibited pronounced insulin insensitivity and hyperinsulinaemia, attributable primarily to pancreatic hypersecretion. The reason for the relation between, and the pathogenetic importance of, these findings is not known.
Acute Disease↗
Changes in quantitative measures of hepatic function after 90% hepatectomy in rats.
Quantitative measures of liver functions were investigated in rats up to 360 h after 90% hepatectomy and related to total hepatic DNA. Galactose elimination capacity (cytosolic phosphorylation of carbohydrate), p-nitro-anisole demethylase activity (endoplasmic drug hydroxylation) and prothrombin index (protein synthesis at rough endoplasmic membranes) were initially reduced as much as the liver weight, but recovered differently. During hepatic regeneration prothrombin index and galactose elimination were back to control values after an interval of 360 h, while p-nitro-anisole demethylase activity was about 0.4 times control value after that interval. The correlation between total hepatic DNA and liver weight, and between total hepatic protein and liver weight was 0.92 in both cases, indicating their close relationship during hepatic regeneration. Compared to earlier studies on 70% hepatectomy the recovery of metabolic functions after 90% hepatectomy is delayed, as compared to regeneration of total hepatic DNA. The compensatory hyperfunction observed after 70% hepatectomy was not found after 90% hepatectomy, indicating a lost ability to hyperfunction when hepatic function is reduced close to the minimal residual function. This is suggested to be important for the sudden onset of hepatic insufficiency.
Animals↗
The effect of continuous vasopressin infusion on splanchnic blood flow, liver function, and portal and central venous pressures in patients with cirrhosis.
Continuous vasopressin infusion has been shown to control bleeding from oesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The mortality, however, has not been changed. To investigate whether reduction of portal blood flow over a period of hours deteriorates the liver function, we measured the splanchnic blood flow and galactose and oxygen consumption in five cirrhotic patients during liver vein catheterization. Vasopressin was given as a continuous infusion of 0.2 units per min for three h. The splanchnic blood flow was reduced to 70% of control values and remained so throughout the infusion. After three h no impairment of the liver function was found. The wedged hepatic pressure (portal pressure) rose slightly, probably due to the increase of the central venous pressure reflecting impaired cardiac function. The reported beneficial effect of vasopressin on varix bleeding probably depends on the reduced portal flow per se.
Adult↗
Kinetics of glucose metabolism in relation to insulin concentrations in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and in healthy persons.
To characterize the insulin resistance in alcoholic cirrhosis we determined in vivo insulin-glucose disposal dose-response relationships in 6 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis of varying severity and in 6 control subjects, using the glucose-insulin clamp technique. Each subject was infused sequentially with insulin at rates of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 10 mU/min X kg, each rate for 2 h. Euglycemia was maintained by a continuous servo-adjusted glucose infusion. The amount of glucose infused during the last 40 min of each 2-h period, corrected for accumulation in the glucose space, reflects overall net glucose metabolism. The dose-response curves demonstrated saturation kinetics. Lineweaver-Burk plots were consistently convex, rejecting a simple Michaelis-Menten relationship, but were linear when accommodated to allosterism with two active sites. The calculated affinity constant (i.e., the concentration of insulin leading to half-maximum glucose metabolism) of patients with cirrhosis was higher than that of normal controls (104 +/- 30 vs. 32 +/- 3 mU/L, mean +/- SD). In addition the maximum rate of glucose metabolism was significantly lower than that of normals (53 +/- 9 vs. 72 +/- 16 mumol/min X kg). We conclude that, in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, insulin resistance is caused both by a marked decrease in sensitivity to insulin and a decreased maximum effect of insulin, indicating a combined receptor-postreceptor defect as the underlying cause.
Adult↗
A case of malignant lymphoma and myasthenia gravis.
A 25-year-old man with myasthenia gravis and a non-Hodgkin lymphoma stage III B involving the thymus, is reported. The association myasthenia gravis and non-Hodgkin lymphoma has not been described previously. Treatment with chlormetin, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone (MOPP) resulted in complete remission of both the myasthenic symptoms and the malignant lymphoma.
Adult↗