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Biomedical subjects

J J Bernier

Publications and source records attributed to J J Bernier.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[II. Etiological classification of the small bowel diseases (author's transl)].

A new classification of the small bowel diseases is proposed according to - the physiopathology; - the anatomo-pathology; - the etiology. In this second part, the ethiological classification is developed. One may distinguish the post-surgical lesions, congenital defects, the side-effects of drugs and the vascular lesions. Allergy and infection are especially studied. The main problems which may be solved in a next future are: the mechanism of chronic infections, the biochemical pathology and especially the normal and pathological immunology.

Blind Loop Syndrome↗
PubMed1979

[Physiopathological and anatomical classification of small bowel diseases (author's transl)].

The first small bowel diseases have been known for three centuries, but essential breakthroughs have occured in the last twenty years. A new classification may be proposed according to, the physiopathology, the anatomo-pathology, the etiology. From the physiopathological point of view one may separate enterocytic, pre-enterocytic or post-enterocytic malabsorptions. Small bowel injuries described by the pathologist include small bowel resections, villous atrophy, lesion of the lamina propria, or transmural lesions, the vascular pathology and the ulceration of the small bowel. A new syndrome is proposed: the rupture of the cellular continuity or intercellular syndrome.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1979

[Gastric emptying of an ordinary meal in man. Study by a radio-isotopic method (author's transl)].

A radio-isotopic method was used to study the gastric emptying of an ordinary meal in 15 control subjects. The technique developed may be used for direct measurement of the early phase of gastric emptying and a simultaneous study of emptying of liquid and solid phases, respectively labelled with Tc99m and Cr51. Emptying of the liquid phase of the meal takes place in accordance with a mono-exponential curve in relation to time, the T 1/2 of which is 54 min +/- 6 (MSD). Emptying of the solid phase is significantly slower than that of the liquid phase. The reproductibility of the method was confirmed and the imprecision of each measurement does not exceed 5%.

Chromium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1979

Depressed jejunal secretion of water and ions in response to prostaglandin E1 in adult celiac disease.

In order to test in man the concept that intestinal fluid secretion originates from the crypts of Lieberkühn, we assessed the jejunal secretory effect of intraluminal prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) (0.9 microgram/kg/min) in untreated adult celiac disease (ACD, N = 7), treated ACD (N = 4) and normal subjects using the intestinal perfusion technique. In untreated ACD (1) water and solutes were malabsorbed (or secreted) in the basal period; (2) fluid and ion secretion seen during PGE1 infusion and net secretory effect of PGE1 (difference in transport between basal and PGE1 periods) were reduced (P less than 0.01); (3) the effects of PGE1 inhibition of sodium insorption, and stimulation of sodium exsorption, were decreased and abolished, respectively. In treated patients PGE1-induced secretion returned towards normal values. Our finding of a depressed secretory response to PGE1 in the face of marked crypt hypertrophy do not support the concept that crypt cells are the major site of intestinal fluid secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Absorption of elemental and complex nutritional solutions during a continuous jejunal perfusion in man.

The jejunal absorption of either an elemental solution (amino acids, glucose and glucose oligosaccharides), or of nonelemental diet (chicken meat, egg-yolk power, soya flour, glucose, saccharose, maltose and dextrin maltose, corn and wheat oils) were compared in 25 healthy subjects by the technique of intestinal perfusion with a three-lumen tube. The test solutions were perfused just beyond the ligament of Treitz. The samples were collected 35, 70 and 105 cm below the infusion point. In a small segment of jejunum, the absorption increased the nutritional imbalance of the element diet 1 m below the infusion point, the flow rate in the lumen was similar for the two solutions and higher than the initial flow rate; the absorption, in terms of calories, is similar for the two solutions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Hydroelectrolytic movements in rat jejunum during the alterations of the mucosa induced by a single injection of 5-fluorouracil.

Transmucosal movements of water and electrolytes were measured in male Wistar rats, using the intestinal perfusion technique after a single intramuscular injection of 40 mg/kg BW of 5-fluorouracil. These movements were studied, daily during 6 days after the injection, in relation to the histological study of mucosa. The results (1) may explain the diarrhoea observed in patients treated with this antimitotic agent; (2) suggest the existence of a secretion in crypts, followed by an incomplete reabsorption by villi; the secretion of crypts or the villus reabsorption are alternatively the driving factor depending on the reciprocal size of villi and crypts.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Chronic inflammatory neuromyopathies in adults treated for gluten-sensitive enteropathy. A report on three cases with microvascular nerve and muscle lesions (author's transl)].

Neuromyopathies developed in three patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy, a long time after they had been cured of their digestive disease by following a gluten-free diet. These cases differed radically from typical deficiency neuropathies by the presence of microvascular inflammatory lesions in nerves and muscles. The semiological findings were similar in all 3 cases, and were distinguished by the association of signs eveking lesions of the largest myelinated nerves fibers to the posterior rami with lesions in the muscles. Corticotherapy improved the condition but did not affect its chronic course. Nerve and muscle biopsies revealed the presence of segmentary microrascularitis, mainly lymphohistiocytic. The probable mechanism of these histological changes is alterations in the circulating immune-complexes, usually found in gluten-sensitive enteropathy, producing various types of associated disorders. Some of these immune-complexes would not be related straight to digestive intolerance to gluten, but would persist during the gluten-free diet period, and could be responsible for the micro-angiitis.

Adult↗