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J J Cogswell

Publications and source records attributed to J J Cogswell.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Longitudinal study of cholesterol values in 68 children from birth to 11 years of age.

Sixty eight children born in 1977 who were taking part in an unrelated study of childhood asthma were selected to have their serum cholesterol concentrations measured at birth, and at 4 months and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 11 years of age. Concentrations of high density lipoprotein were measured at 5 and 11 years. Cholesterol values increased rapidly from birth and plateaued at 1 year. There was a further small rise just before puberty. Tracking of values was seen after the age of 1 year, but did not become established until 4 years of age. The cholesterol concentrations in girls were marginally higher than those in boys. The mean (SD) values of cholesterol (mmol/l) for boys were: at birth, 1.7 (0.4); at 1 year, 3.9 (0.9); at 5 years, 5.2 (1.9); and at 11 years, 5.0 (0.7). For girls the corresponding figures were; at birth, 1.9 (0.6); at 1 year, 4.7 (1.0); at 5 years, 4.6 (0.7); and at 11 years, 5.1 (0.7). The mean (SD) high density lipoprotein concentrations (mmol/l) for boys were: at 5, 1.16 (0.35) and at 11, 1.51 (0.23). For girls they were 1.28 (0.30) and 1.56 (0.27), respectively. The serum cholesterol concentrations in these children were high compared with published figures from north America.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Natural history of asthma in childhood--a birth cohort study.

A cohort of 67 babies at risk of developing atopic disorders was followed up prospectively for 11 years. Clinical assessment and skin prick allergen sensitivity testing were performed annually over the first five years. At 11 years the cohort was restudied, symptoms were assessed by questionnaire, and bronchial reactivity (BHR) to histamine was measured. On the basis of skin testing, 35 children were atopic and 32 remained non-atopic. The expression of atopy increased with age. The lifetime prevalence of eczema, wheeze, and hay fever were 46%, 63%, and 56% respectively. The yearly period prevalence of hay fever increased with age, that of eczema declined, while that for wheeze showed a bimodal distribution with a peak before the age of 2 years and a gradual increase thereafter. Of the 21 children who wheezed before their second birthday, most never wheezed again and did not show BHR at 11 years. Of the 21 children whose first wheezing was after 2 years of age, 17 were still wheezing at 11 years and 12 showed BHR. Of the children who wheezed before 2 years of age, 10 were or became atopic, compared with 20 of the 23 children who wheezed at 11 years. These findings suggest that childhood asthma is a heterogeneous condition with atopy being strongly associated with the persistence of wheeze.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Exposure to house-dust mite allergen (Der p I) and the development of asthma in childhood. A prospective study.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Children with asthma commonly have positive skin tests for inhaled allergens, and in the United Kingdom the majority of older children with asthma are sensitized to the house-dust mite. In a cohort of British children at risk for allergic disease because of family history, we investigated prospectively from 1978 to 1989 the relation between exposure to the house-dust mite allergen (Der p I) and the development of sensitization and asthma. RESULTS: Of the 67 children studied in 1989, 35 were atopic (positive skin tests), and 32 were nonatopic. Of the 17 with active asthma, 16 were atopic (P less than 0.005), all of whom were sensitized to the house-dust mite, as judged by positive skin tests and levels of specific IgE antibodies (P less than 0.001). For house-dust samples collected from the homes of 59 of the children in 1979 and from 65 homes in 1989, the geometric means for the highest Der p I exposure were, respectively, 16.1 and 16.8 micrograms per gram of sieved dust. There was a trend toward an increasing degree of sensitization at the age of 11 with greater exposure at the age of 1 (P = 0.062). All but one of the children with asthma at the age of 11 had been exposed at 1 year of age to more than 10 micrograms of Der p I per gram of dust; for this exposure, the relative risk of asthma was 4.8 (P = 0.05). The age at which the first episode of wheezing occurred was inversely related to the level of exposure at the age of 1 for all children (P = 0.015), but especially for the atopic children (r = -0.66, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to genetic factors, exposure in early childhood to house-dust mite allergens is an important determinant of the subsequent development of asthma.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Severe burns in children, 1964-1974.

580 children were admitted to the paediatric burns unit of Guy's Hospital between 1964 and 1974, of which 97 had burns exceeding 20% of the surface area, and 33 died (34% mortality). 80% of those with burns exceeding 50% of the surface area died. Young children died after less extensive burns. Respiratory failure, sepsis, and malnutrition were the most lethal complications. The prompt use and careful control of intravenous fluids had reduced the immediate complications associated with shock, and acute renal failure is now uncommon. Respiratory failure resulted in many deaths during the first week after injury. The need for intensive respiratory care involving paediatric, anaesthetic, and surgical staff is stressed. Sepsis and malnutrition remain major threats to survival. Improved methods of bacteriological control by laminar air flow units and topical antibacterial agents may help to reduce infection in the future. Reduction of energy expenditure by temporary skin coverings and a high environmental temperature, combined with a high calorie intake by oral and intravenous routes, may improve the outlook for severly burned children in the next decade.

Burns↗
PubMed1976

Exercise-induced bronchocontriction, skin sensitivity, and serum IgE in children with eczema.

Forty-two children with eczema were studied for exercise-induced asthma (EIA), skin sensitivity to prick testing, blood eosinophil count, and immunoglobulins. 29 had a fall in peak expiratory flow rate after exercise greater than 20% and of these, 23 had symptoms of wheezing. 13 of the eczematous children showed a fall of less than 20%. The children with EIA showed greater cutaneous sensitivity (p less than 0.001) and a higher total serum IgE (p less than 0.025). 3 of the group with a fall of less than 20% had allergic rhinitis with skin sensitivity to grass pollen. The remaining 10 had no clinical evidence of allergic disease, other than eczema and skin sensitivity, and total IgE fell within the normal range. It is suggested that in a proportion of chilren with eczema there is little evidence of reaginic allergy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The wheezy child.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Lung function in childhood. I. The forced expiratory volumes in healthy children using a spirometer and reverse plethysmograph.

Measurements of FEV0-5, FEV0-75 and FEV1 and FVG have been made on 241 healthy schoolchildren using a spirometer and a reverse plethysmorgraph system. The results obtained by the two systems were very similar. The FEV0-75 was selected as the most appropriate forced expiratory volume for routine clinical use. Normal data charts for FEV0-75 and FVG are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Lung function in childhood. III. Measurement of airflow resistance in healthy children.

Indices of airflow resistance have been obtained in a group of 248 healthy London schoolchildren from recordings of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), forced expiratory volume in 0-75 seconds (FEV 0-75) and maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) and two more direct methods, airways resistance (Raw) measured plethysmographyically and total respiratory resistance (PT) by the forced oscillation technique. The normal data are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on lung mechanics of babies after operation for congenital heart disease.

The effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on lung mechanics was investigated in 12 babies after operation for severe congenital heart disease. At the time of study all babies were receiving or being weaned from ventilatory support and had abnormally low lung volume or compliance. During CPAP there was a fall in the pulmonary resistance which, with a slight decrease in minute ventilation, resulted in a significant decrease in the work of breathing. It is suggested that lowering the oxygen cost of breathing may contribute to the improvement in arterial oxygenation seen when CPAP is used.

Heart Defects, Congenital↗
PubMed1975

Tests for occult in stools of children.

Three tests for the presence of occult blood in the stools of children were examined; the orthotolidine test, the guaiacum resin test, and a modified reduced phenolphthalain test. The stools of 71 neonates, 33 normal children, and 8 children with suspected gastrointestinal pathology were examined. The 1% orthotolidine test and the guaiacum resin test produced a high number of false positive results in healthy children eating a meat-containing diet. It is concluded that a positive result by these tests is of little diagnostic value in children eating a normal diet.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Lung function in childhood. 2. Thoracic gas volumes and helium functional residual capacity measurements in healthy children.

The helium dilution functional residual capacity (FRC) and the total gas volume by plethysmograph (TGV) were measured on 236 healthy London schoolchildren. There was no difference between the results obtained by the boys and girls. The results of the TGV were higher than the FRC values. From the results, normal data charts have been devised for clincial use.

Adolescent↗