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Biomedical subjects

J J Conway

Publications and source records attributed to J J Conway.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Radionuclide diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum.

Meckel's diverticulum can be detected with a high degree of accuracy by radionuclide scintigraphy using technetium-99m pertechnetate. The technique is without risk and should precede roentgenographic studies when the diagnosis is suspected. The method is described and the causes for false positive and false negative examinations are discussed. False negatives are rare and false positive are usually secondary to other surgical entities. Overall accuracy is 85 to 90%.

False Negative Reactions↗
PubMed1979

The cystometric nuclear cystogram.

Vesicoureteral reflux is a common clinical problem that we monitor by interval nuclear cystography. Of the children having nuclear cystograms 40% also have voiding abnormalities, including incontinence (damp pants), urgency and infrequent micturition. We have evaluated these symptoms by recording the intravesical pressure during the nuclear cystogram. This combined examination, the cystometric nuclear cystogram, has been done on 46 children. An abnormal cystometrogram was found in 61% of the children with a voiding abnormality and helped to establish a basis for successful therapy. The cystometric nuclear cystogram aids in the diagnosis and rational therapy of childhood voiding abnormalities. It is a practical method to obtain a cystometrogram in children with voiding abnormalities who are being evaluated for ureteral reflux and it has facilitated the management of childhood ureteral reflux.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Quantitative nuclear cystogram. Aid in determining spontaneous resolution of vesicoureteral reflux.

The quantatitative data derived from serial nuclear cystograms over a five-year period in 37 children were compared with the clinical course. A direct correlation (92 per cent) between an increasing bladder volume at which reflux occurs was observed in the clinically stable group. In the clinically unstable group, there was a 75-per cent correlation of an unchanged or decreasing bladder volume at which reflux occurs. The quantitative nuclear cystogram provides an objective as opposed to subjective data base for management of patients with vesicoureteral reflux.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Methotrexate encephalopathy. A neuropathologic study.

The present report is a neuropathologic study of three patients who died from a severe form of necrotizing encephalopathy following intrathecal methotrexate therapy and craniospinal irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. During the early phase the lesion presented as multifocal coalescing areas of coagulation necrosis in the deep white matter. In the diseased areas the myelin was lost and the axons were severely swollen and fragmented. During the late stage the white matter was reduced to a thin gliotic calcified layer. The pathogenesis of this lesion is unclear, but the preferential involvement of the white matter with sparing of the cortical gray matter and basal ganglia makes it unlikely that direct chemical injury is the cause. The distribution of the lesion suggests a vascular disturbance due to endothelial injury caused by interaction of the methotrexate with tissue infiltrated by leukemic cells and altered by irradiation.

Brain↗
PubMed1978

The quantitative nuclear cystogram: an aid in determining the spontaneous resolution of vesicoureteral reflux.

The quantitative data derived from serial nuclear cystograms during a 5-year period in 39 children were compared to the clinical course. A direct correlation (93 per cent) between an increasing bladder volume at which reflux occurs was observed in the clinically stable group. In the clinically unstable group there was a 77 per cent correlation of an unchanged or decreasing bladder volume at which reflux occurs. The quantitative nuclear cystogram provides an objective as opposed to subjective data base for management of patients with vesicoureteral reflux.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Radionuclide bone imaging in pediatrics.

Radionuclide imaging provides a functional as well as anatomic evaluation of bone and is particularly valuable in diagnosis, staging, and management of oncologic disorders, in differentiation of inflammatory conditions and trauma, and in hypovascular disorders of bone. The practitioner should be aware of those areas in which bone imaging is clinically effective for patient care. Radionuclide bone imaging is efficacious, delivers minimal radiation, and offers a functional method of evaluation for children with skeletal disorders.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Antibody response to intravenous immunization following splenic tissue autotransplantation in Sprague-Dawley rats.

The response to intravenous challenge with sheep erythrocytes was determined in Sprague-Dawley rats following autotransplantation of splenic tissue into the subcutaneous tissue, peritoneal cavity, or a surgically created omental pouch. There was a marked rise in heterophil antibody titer following intravenous challenge in ten control animals, and no rise in titer in nine of ten asplenic animals. Heterophil antibody titers increased in all of the animals with transplants, but the response in some was less than that in control animals. Thus autotransplanted splenic tissue demonstrated immunologic responses similar to those of normal, intact spleen.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Asymmetric distribution of the pulmonary blood flow between the right and left lungs in d-transposition of the great arteries.

Pulmonary angiograms, radionuclide lung images and chest roentgenograms were evaluated regarding the incidence, magnitude and natural evolution of maldistribution of the pulmonary blood flow between the lungs in 63 patients with dextrotransposition of the great arteries. Approximately half of these patients had some degree of greater perfusion of the right relative to the left lung. A significant correlation was demonstrated between the incidence of this maldistribution of blood flow and the angulation between the main and the right pulmonary arteries. For any given angulation between these vessels, additional pulmonary stenosis increased the incidence of disparity in perfusion. Our observations suggest the following developmental mechanisms: The maldistribution in flow results from the abnormal rightward inclination of the main pulmonary artery in the transposition malformation which straightens the flow axis from the main to the right pulmonary artery. Under these circumstances the momentum of the blood in the main pulmonary artery carries the blood preferentially into the right pulmonary artery. This momentum is increased when there is stenosis of the left ventricular outflow tract. Consequent differences in the mechanical properties of the two pulmonary vascular beds can increase this maldistribution. The disparity in perfusion between the lungs is not present in newborns with d-transposition, appears to be progressive in severity and in time may result in almost complete cessation of effective perfusion of the left lung. The effect of the Mustard operation on this abnormality of flow is discussed.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1976

Effectiveness of direct and indirect radionuclide cystography in detecting vesicoureteral reflux.

A modification of the direct radionuclide cystography technique to include filling, voiding, and postvoiding phases of the examination permitted a simulated comparison between direct and indirect radionuclide cystography. One hundred thirty-seven examples of reflux were documented with this technique. Of these, 96 instances of reflux (70%) were recorded during two or more phases and thus would have been detected by either technique. Twenty-nine examples (21%) were only detected during filling and thus would have been missed by the indirect radionuclide technique and by some roentgenographic techniques. Only 12 examples (9%) were detected during the voiding phases only. The modified direct method of radionuclide cystography, which continuously monitors the urinary tracts during filling, voiding, and postvoiding, is offered as the best current technique for assessing vesicoureteral reflux.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Radionuclide angiographic diagnosis of bronchopulmonary sequestration.

Bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS), a congenital malformation that usually presents as a chest mass in childhood, may be identified by its characteristic primary derivation of pulmonary blood supply from the systemic circulation. Five children with BPS were evaluated by radionuclide angiography from 1970 to 1974. In each instance the systemic origin of the vascular supply was correctly indicated. In those lesions where the artery originates below the hemidiaphragm, the aberrant source, when identified as such, provides a characteristic radionuclide appearance of BPS. The scimitar syndrome may be indistinguishable from BPS with this technique.

Bronchopulmonary Sequestration↗
PubMed1975

Direct and indirect radionuclide cystography.

Direct radionuclide cystography, using short half-life radiopharmaceuticals, is considered to be more reliable for detecting vesicoureteral reflux than conventional roentgenographic techniques. In addition to the detection of vesicoureteral reflux, other parameters determined include the bladder volume when reflux occurs, calculation of volume of fluid that has refluxed, accurate calculation of residual urine volume, estimation of reflux drainage time, and the visualization and diagnosis of gross anatomic abnormalities. Currently, a major disadvantage is poor resolution, prohibiting analysis of small bladder defects and urethral abnormalities. The major advantage of nuclear cystography is the small radiation dose delivered with its use. It is estimated that at least 100 radionuclide studies can be performed for the same radiation expense as a single roentgenographic study.

Child↗