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J J Fitzpatrick

Publications and source records attributed to J J Fitzpatrick.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

"Yes, but...".

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Nursing Research↗
PubMed1995

Design, synthesis and in vitro testing of methotrexate carrier conjugates linked via oligopeptide spacers.

A range of methotrexate (MTX)-spacer-human serum albumin (HSA) conjugates have been prepared. They have been designed to release one of the following materials: MTX, MTX-Lys (alpha-epsilon) or MTX-Lys (gamma-epsilon). These materials have previously been shown to be the low-molecular-weight products released on hydrolysis of a MTX-HSA conjugate by rat liver tritosomes. Preliminary studies were carried out using a lysine residue, linked by the epsilon-amino group to the oligopeptide chain, as a model for the polymer. This use of this model system indicated that an Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu spacer was cleaved by lysosomal enzymes with release of the appropriate derivative. Analysis of the lysosomal digestion products of the MTX-spacer-HSA conjugates showed that the model system appeared to work well. A maximum rate of release of 100% MTX-Lys (alpha-epsilon) from a MTX-spacer-HSA within 48 h was obtained, as compared to 5% in 48 h obtained for MTX-HSA. Determination of the in vitro cytotoxicity of the conjugates showed that release of 'free' MTX was 10-fold more cytotoxic than either of the MTX-Lys derivatives, but the level of release of MTX from MTX-HSA was 10-fold less than that of the MTX-Lys materials.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Studies on the mechanism of action of an MTX-HSA-MoAb conjugate.

The active principles of a monoclonal antibody (791T/36)-human serum albumin-methotrexate (MoAb-HSA-MTX) conjugate have been investigated and identified. This drug-carrier conjugate has previously been shown to be selective for the target cell line, more potent than the 'free' drug, to be internalized into the lysosomes of the cell and to work by a lysosomotropic mechanism. Digestion of MTX-HSA by lysosomal enzymes showed three peaks by HPLC assay. Using authentic standards prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis, these peaks were identified as 'free' MTX, MTX-Lys (alpha-epsilon) and MTX-Lys (gamma-epsilon). Optimization of the digestion conditions allowed for a maximum total release of MTX-containing material of 5% after 48 h. Of this released material, only 10% was in the form of 'free' MTX. It was shown that increasing the ratio of drug to carrier improved the efficiency of release of drug, and these results were complemented by in vitro cytotoxicity assays. Such a low level of drug release associated with a conjugate which has been shown to be superior, in terms of cytotoxicity, to 'free' drug against the target cell line was an unexpected finding. The consequences of these results are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Margin in life among hospitalized and non-hospitalized elderly persons.

This study compared six dimensions of adult life among 39 hospitalized elders with a mean age of 72.1 years and 44 elders with a mean age of 75.7 years living in the community. The dimensions of life were physical function, work, spirituality, family, community and self concept. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that the patterns of the subscales did not significantly differ between the groups. Except for the outside interest factor of the community subscale, univariate analysis of variance revealed no significant differences between hospitalized and community elders.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Preparing advanced practice nurses for acute care.

BACKGROUND: As a result of changes occurring in healthcare, providers have become increasingly specialized, resulting in fragmented care of patients and their families. With these changes, the need has developed for professionals who possess both advanced clinical decision-making ability and expanded psychomotor skills to serve as case managers in collaboration with physicians. As a result, evolving and innovative roles for advanced practice nurses have developed in American hospitals. The development of such roles, within the acute care hospital environment, has led directly to the creation of graduate programs to prepare acute care nurse practitioners. OBJECTIVE: This article describes the efforts to develop a specific graduate program to prepare nurses as acute care nurse practitioners. These efforts include the needs assessment, curriculum and role development, implementation, and evaluation of the program. RESULTS: Phase 1 evaluation showed significant support for acute care nurse practitioners. External support for the training and use of nurse practitioners in acute care was evidenced by significant financial support for this program provided by an acute care hospital and a private foundation. The first graduates are now practicing as acute care nurse practitioners; Phase 2 evaluation of patient outcomes is under way. CONCLUSION: The emergence of acute care nurse practitioners has been stimulated by changes in American healthcare. Support for the use of acute care nurse practitioners is significant, but barriers to implementing the role and patient and fiscal outcomes must be studied.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Caring words.

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Humans↗
PubMed1992

On the essential integration of nursing and informatics.

This paper asserts that nursing knowledge is fundamentally inseparable from the strategies and structures that represent it. Nursing informatics comprises a new disciplinary focus that results from a blend of nursing and informatics. The technologies of informatics, communications, computer science, decision science, human information processing, and knowledge engineering, provide critical care nurses with the support necessary for contemporary nursing practice. Informatics technologies enable nurses to communicate, process knowledge in new and more efficient ways, and better understand the nature of nursing thinking.

Humans↗