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Biomedical subjects

J J Hoskinson

Publications and source records attributed to J J Hoskinson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Nonsurgical removal of a catheter embolus from the heart of a foal.

Nonsurgical, percutaneous, transvenous removal of a catheter fragment embolus was performed in a 14-day-old Thoroughbred foal. A basket retrieval catheter was introduced into the jugular vein and manipulated under fluoroscopic guidance to remove the fragment from the right side of the heart. Percutaneous retrieval should be considered as an alternative to thoracotomy for retrieval of intracardiac or intravascular foreign bodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Indium-111-chloride and three-phase bone scintigraphy: a comparison for imaging experimental osteomyelitis.

To investigate the utility of indium-111-chloride (111In-Cl) imaging in detecting osteomyelitis complicating surgical or fracture sites, the proximal tibia of 11 dogs were experimentally infected with Staphylococcus aureus after creation of a cortical defect. The contralateral limb served as a sham-operated control. Animals were serially imaged by radiography, three-phase technetium-99m-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) scintigraphy, and 111In-Cl scintigraphy. There was a significant difference between infected (1.93) and noninfected (1.32) limb's tibia/femur count density ratios on 24-hr (p = 0.0001) and 72-hr (p = 0.0001) 111In-Cl images. A smaller difference was found for 99mTc-MDP bone-phase tibia/femur ratios (p = 0.0199). Using receiver operator characteristic analysis of tibia/femur ratios, a sensitivity of 61%, specificity of 88%, and positive (75%) and negative (79%) predictive values were determined for the 24-hr 111In-Cl images. Indium-111-chloride was superior to 99mTc-MDP in differentiating infected and noninfected operative sites.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biomechanical comparison of the Herbert and AO cortical bone screws for compression of an equine third carpal bone dorsal plane slab osteotomy.

OBJECTIVE: To assess feasibility of insertion of 4.5-mm Herbert cannulated bone screws (HS) using fluoroscopic guidance and compare the mechanical shear strength of these HS and 4.5-mm AO cortical bone screws (AO) for fixation of dorsal plane slab osteotomies in equine cadaver third carpal bones (C3). ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: Eight equine cadavers. METHODS: Bone mineral composition and density of contralateral C3 were confirmed to be equivalent using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. A standard 10-mm C3 slab osteotomy was reduced using HS or AO instrumentation under fluoroscopic guidance. Specimens were loaded in shear until failure, using a materials testing apparatus. RESULTS: HS and AO instrumentation allowed accurate reconstruction of the osteotomy, but there was difficulty encountered seating the HS proximal self-tapping threads. There was no significant difference in maximal load to failure, stiffness, or mode of failure of constructs created with the HS and AO screws. CONCLUSIONS: Use of 4.5-mm HS for repair of C3 radial facet, dorsal plane slab fractures may result in a mechanically comparable fixation to a repair using a 4.5-mm AO. Equine dorsal C3 may be too dense, however, to allow placement of the proximal self tapping threads of the HS without potentially excessive application of torque to the screw itself. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dorsal plane, radial facet slab fractures of the equine C3 are a significant clinical problem. Accurate reconstruction and stabilization are necessary for return to athletic function.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scintigraphic assessment of distal extremity perfusion in 17 patients.

To assess the role of scintigraphic evaluation of distal limb perfusion, the medical records and scintigraphic perfusion images of 17 animals (8 dogs, 2 cats, 2 calves, 4 birds and 1 ferret) with clinical signs of distal limb ischemia were examined retrospectively. Images were obtained at 5 and 10 minutes following injection of 99mTc-MDP, or 99mTc-DTPA. The initial scintigraphic diagnoses of 17 animals included complete ischemia (8/17), partially reduced perfusion (5/17), and normal to increased perfusion (4/17). In 4 of the animals with partially reduced perfusion, follow-up scans indicated progression to complete ischemia (1/4) or normal to increased perfusion (3/4). Nine of 17 animals had a final scintigraphic diagnosis of complete distal limb ischemia, and these animals were either euthanized (5/9) or had limb amputation (4/9). A final diagnosis of complete ischemia was supported with either repeat scanning (3/10), continued clinical observation (6/10) and/or pathological examination (10/10). Clinical signs of ischemia resolved in all (7/17) animals with increased or normal perfusion on their final scan. Scintigraphy provided a safe and noninvasive assessment of distal limb perfusion, which corresponded with clinical outcome.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance imaging of presumptive lumbosacral discospondylitis in a dog.

A three-year-old male Boxer dog had hyperesthesia, symmetrical epaxial, gluteal and hind limb muscular atrophy and rear limb ataxia. Neurological deficits included decreased conscious proprioception of the left hind limb, decreased withdrawal and increased patellar reflexes of both hind limbs. The dog had a urinary tract infection with positive culture for Staphylococcus intermedius. On survey radiography of the lumbosacral spine there was active bone proliferation spanning the L7 S1 intervertebral disc space with an epidural filling defect at the ventral aspect of the vertebral canal on epidurography. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), findings were similar to those described for human diskospondylitis including altered signal intensity and nonuniform contrast enhancement of the L7-S1 intervertebral disc, adjacent vertebral end plates and epidural and sublumbar soft tissues. Although skeletal radiography is usually sufficient to reach a diagnosis of discospondylitis, MRI of this patient made it possible to reach a presumptive diagnosis of discospondylitis prior to development of definitive radiographic abnormalities.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of interactive patient-based multimedia computer programs in veterinary orthopedic radiology.

Three computerized multimedia programs on large and small animal veterinary orthopedic radiology were developed and implemented for the radiology curriculum as an alternative to traditional film-based laboratory learning. Programs utilized "hot words" (colored text words that displayed an overlaid image label that highlighted lesions) and interactive quizzes which responded appropriately to selected answers. "Hot words" helped students develop confidence in accurate lesion detection and the interactive quizzes transformed learning from a passive to an active process. Multiple examples were provided for reinforcement and concepts were incorporated from other clinical disciplines for curriculum integration. Programs were written using a presentation software program, Toolbook for DOS based platform, and contained radiographic images made by laser-scanning digitization. Multiple students could simultaneously access the programs through a network server. These pilot programs were implemented successfully and computerized multimedia presentation proved to be well suited to teaching radiology. Development of the programs required attention to a number of hardware, software, time and cost factors.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of gastric emptying times in healthy cats simultaneously evaluated with radiopaque markers and nuclear scintigraphy.

Gastric emptying in 18 healthy cats was assessed simultaneously using scintigraphy and barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres (BIPS). Canned Prescription Diet Feline c/d (Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS) labeled with 99mTc-disofenin (Hepatolite, DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Co., Billerica, Mass.) was fed on four separate days. Scintigraphic images were obtained at time 0 and then every 30 minutes to 6 hours. On the fourth scan day, 30 small (1.5 mm) and 10 large (5 mm) BIPS (Chemstock Animal Health Ltd., Christchurch, New Zealand) were mixed with the labeled meal, and in addition to scintigraphy, radiographs were made at 60-minute intervals for 6 hours. Gastric emptying was 11 to 15% slower on the day of simultaneous radiography as compared with the 3 days when only scintigraphy was performed (p < or = .05). Percentage retention of 1.5 mm BIPS in the stomach was significantly greater than the percentage retained gastric activity at hours 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (p < or = .05). BIPS were clustered in the pyloric region of the stomach by 3 hours in all cats. In 10/18 animals, all BIPS were retained in pyloric region of the stomach at 6 hours, despite observable decreased size of the gastric silhouette and < or =15% retained gastric activity. In conclusion, gastric emptying of 1.5-mm BIPS does not parallel gastric emptying of 99mTc-disofenin labeled canned Prescription Diet Feline c/d. Stress associated with radiography may delay gastric emptying. Diet type should be considered when evaluating clinical radiographic studies where BIPS have been used.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of solid phase radiolabels of dog food for gastric emptying.

99mTc-Pertechnetate, 99mTc-mebrofenin, 99mTc-disofenin, 99mTc-sulfur colloid, and 99mTc-Dowex resin beads were evaluated for in vitro stability as a label for both dry extruded, and canned dog food for gastric emptying scintigraphy. A sample of each radiolabeled diet was added to water, gastric juice, intestinal juice, or gastric juice followed by intestinal juice for in vitro digestion. After a 3-hour digestion period, tubes were centrifuged and percentage solid phase retention (%SPR) was calculated. The experiment was repeated three times over a 14-day period to minimize day-to-day variation. For dry dog food, 99mTc-mebrofenin and 99mTc-disofenin had similar %SPR in water (96 and 93%, respectively) and gastric juice (>95% each) and were significantly higher than other labels. For canned dog food, mebrofenin had a 91% SPR for the water or gastric juice digestions, and 99mTc-Dowex had a %SPR of >99%. 99mTc-mebrofenin and 99mTc-Dowex were also tested in vivo, where 99mTc-Dowex had poor stability, and 99mTc-Mebrofenin had excellent stability. 99mTc-Mebrofenin is a suitable label for dog food for gastric emptying scintigraphy.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiographic findings of canine dysautonomia in twenty-four dogs.

Canine dysautonomia is an idiopathic condition resulting in loss of autonomic nervous system function. Recently, the prevalence of dogs diagnosed with dysautonomia in the mid-western United States has increased. In this study the medical records and radiographic findings in 24 dogs with dysautonomia were reviewed. A diagnosis of dysautonomia was made in 17 (71%) of the dogs in this study by postmortem examination, the remaining 7 (29%) dogs were diagnosed pharmacologically. The radiographic findings supportive of dysautonomia include aspiration pneumonia, megaesophagus, or a distended stomach, small bowel, or urinary bladder. In some instances, the disease radiographically mimicked other disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, including mechanical obstruction.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiographic and ultrasonographic findings of liver lobe torsion in a dog.

A twelve-year-old neutered male beagle presented for a cranial abdominal mass. The results of physical examination, laboratory tests, radiography, and ultrasonography are presented. A torsion of the quadrate lobe of the liver was diagnosed at surgery and confirmed by histopathology. A brief discussion of liver lobe torsion is presented.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastric emptying in cats using foods varying in fiber content and kibble shapes.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of kibble shape and fiber content of commercial dry foods on gastric emptying in healthy cats. Eight healthy cats were used to evaluate four different diets which varied in shape of kibble (round versus triangle) or fiber content (low versus high). Diets were labeled with 99mTc-mebrofenin and gastric emptying was evaluated with nuclear scintigraphy. There was a significant difference between the kibble shapes at both T50 and T20. The triangle shaped kibble required significantly longer time than the round kibble to reach T50 (P = 0.02) and T20 (P = 0.001). Diet fiber content did not have a significant influence on T50, and T20. The influence of caloric and water intake was assessed with division of cats into high, medium, and low intake groups. The caloric intake had its main effect at T50 with the lowest quartile of caloric intake requiring significantly less time to reach T50 than the middle group and upper quartile (P = 0.05). Water intake did not have a significant effect on gastric emptying in this study. There was no relationship or correlation between the surface area of the food (cm2/kg) and T90, T50, and T20.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Case examples demonstrating the clinical utility of obtaining both right and left lateral abdominal radiographs in small animals.

Seven case examples are presented which illustrate the utility of using both right to left and left to right laterolateral abdominal radiographs (left lateral and right lateral recumbent radiographs, respectively) when evaluating gastrointestinal disease. These cases demonstrate the benefits of obtaining both lateral abdominal radiographs in disease of the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. A review of the literature concerning this technique is provided.

Animals↗