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Biomedical subjects

J J James

Publications and source records attributed to J J James.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Substance abuse and sexual activity in an overseas population of adolescent military dependents.

To determine the incidence of high-risk behaviors, such as substance abuse and sexual activity, in an overseas population of adolescents, and how these rates compared to the general population in the United States, a survey of high school-aged military dependents residing overseas was undertaken. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to all 8th through 12th graders at the Department of Defense Dependent's School in Seoul, Korea. Use of tobacco products and a history of illicit drug use was similar to that of referant groups in the United States. Present use of illicit drugs was decreased. Use of alcohol was increased over that of similar age groups in America. The authors discuss these findings in light of the environmental differences in the overseas military community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The transmission and interpretation of emergency department radiographs.

Twenty-five radiographic studies representative of the spectrum of trauma cases that might present to an emergency department were selected from actual cases presenting at Brooke Army Medical Center (BAMC) in San Antonio, Texas. The studies were then transmitted from a local television studio via satellite back to BAMC and three other Army hospitals. A panel of 29 physicians (11 radiologists, 7 emergency physicians, and 11 others from various specialty areas) viewed the images on commercial grade television sets and attempted to make a diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy of the radiologists (86%) was significantly better than that of the other two groups (77% each). However, given the overall expense of a teleradiology network, this difference in accuracy - especially when translated into clinically significant errors - might not justify the establishment of such a network in terms of cost-effectiveness.

Emergency Medicine↗
PubMed1982

Etiology of viral hepatitis in American soldiers.

To define better which types of hepatitis are prevalent among American soldiers, the authors studied 413 separate episodes of acute viral hepatitis among 412 soldiers admitted to US Army hospitals during 1978-1979. Most soldiers (68.8%) had acute hepatitis B (estimated annual hospitalization rate: 5.41/1000 soldiers in West Germany, 2.51/1000 in South Korea, less than 1/1000 in the United States). Subtype ayw was predominant in Germany, whereas adr was predominant in South Korea. Hepatitis B was more often associated with contact history or parenteral use of drugs in West Germany than in South Korea (p less than 0.001). Non-A, non-B hepatitis accounted for 27% of cases in West Germany (2.16/1000), but only 3% in South Korea (0.11/1000); hepatitis A only 15% in South Korea (0.48/1000) and 1% in West Germany (0.08/1000). These findings indicate that hepatitis B is the most prevalent form of viral hepatitis among US soldiers worldwide but also suggest substantial differences in the epidemiology of this infection in South Korea and West Germany. Such data will be useful in developing hepatitis B immunization policy within the military.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A model for dental workload measurement.

The primary purpose of the study was to develop a model that would provide an efficient and standardized approach to workload reporting in a non-fee (HMO-like) dental care system. The model was also designed to predict the dental personnel resource requirements in the system as the overall dental needs of the population were already known. To accomplish this, a set of 246 task/procedures representing the broad scope of dental practice was developed. For each task/procedure, a Best Time-weighted Estimate (BTE) in terms of average expected man-minutes of work required for accomplishment was developed from over 35,000 actual time measurements on patient visits to 29 US Army dental clinics located throughout the United States. Because of the nature of the specific task/procedure data, it was necessary to use four different mathematical models to produce statistically optimal BTEs. It was concluded that, cumulatively the BTEs developed for each task/procedure evaluated could be used as a basis for both the development of a Dental Care Composite Unit workload measure and the determination of overall dental personnel resource requirements in a non-free dental care system.

Dental Care↗