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Biomedical subjects

J J Lopez-Ibor

Publications and source records attributed to J J Lopez-Ibor.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

A comparative study of milnacipran and imipramine in the treatment of major depressive disorder.

The antidepressant efficacy and safety of milnacipran, a dual action antidepressant drug which inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline, was compared with that of the tricyclic antidepressant, imipramine, in a multi-centre, double-blind, randomised, parallel group, comparative trial in 5 hospital centres in Spain. One hundred patients hospitalised with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatry Association (third revision), with a minimum score of 25 on the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale were treated for 6 weeks with milnacipran (100 mg/day) or imipramine (150 mg/day). Both treatments showed similar efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms. The frequency of most adverse events in the milnacipran-treated patients was lower than that observed in the imipramine group, particularly those related to anticholinergic symptoms. Dysuria and shivering, however, were more common with milnacipran. The results of this study support others which have demonstrated that milnacipran has equivalent efficacy but superior tolerability to a tricyclic antidepressant such as imipramine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Neuroimaging and basic symptoms of schizophrenia].

The complexity of the clinical picture of schizophrenia is an essential feature of the disease that has led to attempts at organizing the symptoms and clinical course into different subtypes or grouping them into symptom constellations. Variations in response to treatment, particularly biological treatment, justifies the effort of differentiation. Various authors have tried to define primary or fundamental symptoms, that are directly related with the underlying abnormality, and secondary symptoms, which involve adaptive or reactive mechanism. Similarly, first-order symptoms, pathognomic symptoms, and second-order symptoms have been described. A constant latent problem in psychopathology is to determine the degree in which first-order symptoms are primary.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Dysthymia in neurological disorders.

Dysthymia is characterized by long-lasting periods of lowered mood. Epidemiological studies in the USA and Europe have demonstrated that the prevalence of dysthymia is at least 3% of the general population. Its pervasive occurrence makes dysthymia a public health problem worldwide. One feature of this disorder is its co-occurrence with medical and neurological disorders. A World Health Organization meeting on dysthymia in neurological disorders was held in Geneva, 1-3 July 1996 to address this topic. Some of the major goals of this meeting were to clarify the definition of dysthymia in the presence of neurological disorders and to evaluate current research in the field, to point out new areas for investigation, and to discuss current psychological and pharmacological treatments for dysthymia in neurological disorders. The potential roles of neuroendocrine and molecular mechanisms in dysthymia were identified through specific problems related to dysthymia occurring in disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. This meeting provided direction and opportunity for future studies in the under-recognized and under-investigated relationship between dysthymia and neurological disorders.

Dysthymic Disorder↗
PubMed1990

Impulse control in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a biopsychopathological approach.

1. The dichotomy between behaviors (some pathological, some falling into the realm of criminality) characterized by an excessive impulsivity and others, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), in which a high resistance towards inner or outer impulses dominate, can not be sustained any more. 2. Classical descriptions of OCD include behavior patterns of low control of impulses, and individuals showing "low control of impulse disorders" are, more often than not, high controllers in the periods of time when the impulsivity is in the background. 3. Evidence from biological research and from treatment outcome studies also suggest common traits in the "hyponomic" (impulsive) and "hypernomic" (obsessive) individuals, related to serotonin (5-HT) metabolism disturbances.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

The spectrum of mood disorders.

The problem of classifying mood disorders still lacks an acceptable solution. Interrater reliability studies have shown that this problem is more prevalent in mood disorders compared with other psychiatric conditions. Historically the problem originates from the distinction between Geisteskrankheiten and Gemütskrankheiten (mental and mood disorders) because the domain covered by the word mood has been progressively reduced. The fact that neurotic disorders are "emotional disorders" further complicates this field. The words anxiety and depression refer to a disorder, to a symptom, and to everyday feelings. A failure or difficulty in the distinction between these three meanings leads to nosological confusion. In recent years, the notion of a spectrum of mood disorders has gained acceptance. According to this, the diverse disorders are placed on a point that is more or less close to one of the extremes. Something similar occurs in the unipolar-bipolar distinction, in which the bipolar II or atypical and bipolar III occupy a central place on the spectrum. Cluster analysis and other mathematical techniques have helped to clarify the outlook, but there is a need for a biopsychosocial perspective and for a deeper understanding of the natural history of these disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[X-ray computed tomography (CT scanner) in schizophrenia. Comparison of its results with other studies].

This paper concerns the tomodensitometric (TDM) study, with the same clinical and radiological criteria, of 78 schizophrenic patients (age: less than 60 years) from psychiatric hospitals in Madrid and from Sainte-Anne hospital (Paris). The length of evolution and the severity of disturbances seemed to be the most important causal elements of cerebral atrophy. Some TDM peculiarities appeared correlated with some clinical forms (paranoid or hebephrenic). The review of previous works illustrates the importance of some etiological conditions for the production of cerebral atrophy: age, length of evolution and, more particularly, the severity of the disease. The confrontation of the anatomo-pathological and pneumoencephalographic studies with the TDM results suggests that, if the TDM is a good indicator of ventricular dilatation, appreciation of the widening of the cerebral sulci remains difficult.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Instability in the response to DST in major depressions during treatment with 5-hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa.

During the course of an investigation of predictors of the therapeutic response to a precursor of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-HTp) associated with carbidopa in major depressions with melancholia, patients, who before the treatment behaved as suppressors in the DST, became non-suppressors. The variation from non-suppressor to suppressor (which yielded in 60% of this sample) can be explained by the clinical improvement, but not the inverse change. In this paper, different possibilities on this change are analyzed, the most probable being the direct effect of the carbidopa in eminentia media. The carbidopa is administered because it is an inhibitor of the aminoacid decarboxylase, and since it does not cross the hematoencephalic barrier, it permits a better use of the 5-HTp. However, there is an exception: it does act in the cells of the eminentia media which, from the functional point of view, lie outside the above-mentioned hematoencephalic barrier.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neuroimaging and fundamental symptoms in schizophrenia].

The complexity of the clinical picture of schizophrenia is an essential feature of the disease that has led to attempts at organizing the symptoms and clinical course into different subtypes or grouping them into symptom constellations. Variations in response to treatment, particularly biological treatment, justifies the effort of differentiation. Various authors have tried to define primary or fundamental symptoms, that are directly related with the underlying abnormality, and secondary symptoms, which involve adaptive or reactive mechanism. Similarly, first-order symptoms, pathognomic symptoms, and second-order symptoms have been described. A constant latent problem in psychopathology is to determine the degree in which first-order symptoms are primary.

Animals↗