PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J J Oleszczuk

Publications and source records attributed to J J Oleszczuk.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Maternal race/ethnicity and twinning rates in the United States, 1989-1991.

OBJECTIVE: To utilize United States birth certificate data (years 1989-1991) to examine the effects of race/ethnicity on twinning rates. STUDY DESIGN: We used a database of birth certificate data for the United States (years 1989-1991) available on CD-ROM from the United States National Center for Health Statistics. This linked birth/infant death data set included a total of 12,036,234 birth records, of which 279,073 were twins. Excluded from the analysis were 15,086 twin birth records (5.4%) based upon previously described exclusion criteria. Statistical analysis included a series of univariate analyses to determine the rates of twinning between different racial/ethnic groups correlated with maternal age, education, marital status and place of birth. Comparisons were analyzed using the chi 2 test, with significance at P < .05. RESULTS: The overall twinning rate was 2.26%, with the lowest rate observed in the group denoted non-Hispanic other (1.67%) and highest among non-Hispanic blacks (2.69%). Twinning rates within various groups representing Hispanics ranged from 1.76% to 2.08%. The twinning rate was significantly higher among U.S.-born as compared to non-U.S.-born women (2.34% vs. 1.88%, P < .005) except for Puerto Ricans, Cubans and Central/South Americans, for whom the reverse was true. Women aged 35-39 had the highest twinning rate (3.05%), whereas women aged 15-19 had the lowest; that trend persisted in all racial/ethnic groups. The study showed a nonsignificant relationship between marital status or education and twinning rate. CONCLUSION: Race/ethnicity studies can be useful in designing programs that may maximize health outcomes of twins in a racially diverse population.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Conditions predisposing to maternal mortality in twins and singletons, US birth cohort 1989.

Twin pregnancy is one of the most important conditions associated with increased perinatal mortality and morbidity. The consequences of twin pregnancy on the mother have not been explored in great detail. The aim of this study was to analyze the population-based data from the United States and delineate the various conditions of twin pregnancies which predispose to maternal mortality. Results of this study show that multiple pregnancy is strongly associated with maternal mortality and requires further analysis in order to prepare appropriate therapeutic and prophylactic protocols.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Zygosity of twins: is it time for a new terminology?

The term zygosity reflects the origin of twins--when twins are monozygotic, they are derived from a single fertilized ovum; when twins are dizygotic--the come from two fertilized ova. Zygosity assessment seemed straightforward 50 years ago. Currently, as more information and more technology becomes available, zygosity testing becomes a real problem. It is important to realize the importance of correct zygosity testing not only in the antepartum care of the pregnant mother, but more importantly--during the whole lifetime of twin individuals. This paper discusses revolving around zygosity, methods of assessment, their limitations and proposes new terminology which incorporates the recent knowledge about early human development.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

[Peculiarities of multiple pregnancy: epidemiology].

The epidemiology of multiple pregnancy is complex and depends on various factors including age, race, genetic and environmental factors, season of conception and, more recently, iatrogenic factors. In recent years, twinning rate increased dramatically especially in countries where ovulation induction and assisted reproductive technologies are widely used. Multiple pregnancies are most frequent in Nigeria where majority of them are dizygotic. The lowest frequency of twinning is observed in Japan where almost 70% of multiples are monozygotic. This paper discusses genetic, environmental and sociocultural factors which are related to the "epidemic" of multiples.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2000

[Peculiarities of multiple pregnancy: embryology].

Multiple pregnancies are not physiologic in humans and the understanding of the pathogenesis of this phenomenon is not fully established. Embriology of multiple pregnancy has been extensively investigated and this paper presents the phases of embrional development of monozygotic and dizygotic twins.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed2000

[Peculiarities of multiple pregnancy: diagnosis].

Before ultrasound was aggressively introduced into everyday obstetrical practice, diagnosis, prophylaxis and active pre- and perinatal management were at best inadequate, but more often nonexistent. Twin pregnancies were complicated by high perinatal morbidity and mortality. The use of classical radiography was limited due to proven teratogenic and carcinogenic properties. Introduction of ultrasound dramatically changed the obstetrician's approach to twin pregnancy management. This paper discusses in detail the recent advances in ultrasound diagnosis of twin pregnancy.

Female↗
PubMed2000

[Peculiarities of multiple pregnancy: complications].

Multiple pregnancies are considered high risk. This qualification is associated with the multitude of conditions which are known to complicated these pregnancies. Early diagnosis of these complications is the fundamental element of clinical managements. In numerous cases therapeutic protocols are widely known and in many others intensive monitoring and appropriate management may save the fetus from early and late complications. This paper will discuss the most common prenatal and perinatal complications associated with multiple pregnancies as well as the most widely accepted therapeutic protocols.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2000

[Twin pregnancy and preeclampsia].

INTRODUCTION: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder of humans which rates among one of the major cases of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Etiology of preeclampsia is still largely unraveled and treatment is syndrome specific. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the incidence of preeclampsia in twin pregnancies and comparison of selected clinical characteristics among preeclamptic and non-preeclamptic twin pregnancy patients. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 194 normotensive and 25 preeclamptic patients with twin pregnancies admitted to the Lublin State Hospital Nr 4 between January 1st 1992 and December 31st 1997. Patients were matched for gravidity, parity, maternal age and selected biochemical parameters. RESULTS: Preeclampsia occurred two times more frequently in nulliparous women (68% vs 32%). Gravidas with preeclampsia had significantly higher serum uric acid levels than their non-preeclamptic counterparts (6.7 +/- 0.3 vs 4.3 +/- 0.1; p < 0.001). Hypertension, proteinuria and edema coexisted concomitantly in 52% of preeclamptic patients. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Preeclampsia complicates one tenth of twin pregnancies. 2. In preeclamptic women nulliparas were two times more frequent. 3. In preeclamptic women is significantly higher level of uric acid.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Projections of population-based twinning rates through the year 2100.

OBJECTIVE: To present the first compilation of population-based twinning rates published after the year 1990 and to project population-based twinning rates through the year 2100. STUDY DESIGN: We searched the Internet-based MEDLINE database for articles published after 1990 in which population-based twinning rates were described. We used population-based data from national statistical authorities from Australia, Austria, Canada, Finland, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Norway, Singapore and Sweden, published by Y. Imaizumi in a recent article. U.S. figures were based on data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Annual growth rates of twinning were calculated and graphed, making the assumption that these rates would remain constant throughout the next century. RESULTS: Our report presents the most recent population-based twinning rates. When projected through the year 2015, twinning rates reach figures that could best be described as derived from a Jules Verne novel: Sweden, in this model, would have four times more twin than singleton births. CONCLUSION: We strongly suggest that physicians reexamine their patterns of prescribing ovulation-inducing agents, which carry a greatly increased risk of multiple pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Disturbed nitric oxide/endothelin-1 equilibrium in cultured human placental endotheliocytes in preeclampsia.

Several observations suggest that endothelial cell dysfunction is a central pathophysiologic event of preeclampsia. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a vasoconstrictor peptide of the endotheliocyte and is increased in the sera of preeclamptic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible regulatory mechanisms between ET-1 and nitric oxide (NO) production in cultured placental endotheliocytes. We report that endothelial cells of arterial placental blood vessels show a dysfunctional mechanism of negative feedback regulation of ET-1 production by cGMP or insufficient NO release in response to a stimulus in the form of an increasing ET-1 concentration.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1998

Pregnancy in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome under treatment with nCPAP.

We report on a patient with a diagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) who became pregnant during treatment with the nCPAP (nasal continuous positive airway pressure) apparatus, and gave birth. In the literature search we didn't find any similar case report. The present view on OSAS treatment with particular regard to the use of nCPAP is also presented. Through reviewing literature we analysed positive effects of this kind of treatment on mother and fetus. The negative aspects of nCPAP treatment are discussed.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple gestation: reflections on epidemiology, causes, and consequences.

Multiple births (of all orders) increased in epidemic proportions in the years 1971-1997. Twins increased 53%, 32%, 31%, and 83% in white, Afro-American, Native American and Mexican American women, respectively. Triplet, quadruplet, and quintuplet+ births increased >400%, >1,100%, and >500%, respectively, in the same years. The principal causes of these changes are related to the increasing age of the maternal cohort and an increasing incidence of fertility-inhibiting diseases and conditions in association with advancing maternal age. Major immediate consequences of these changes include disproportionately large numbers of infants born at <33 weeks' gestation (1.7% for singletons vs. 41.2% for triplets) and at <1,500 g birth weight (1.1% for singletons vs. 31.9% for triplets). Additional short-term consequences include an almost 2,000% increase in infant deaths (per 1,000 live births) among triplets compared with singletons (190.4 vs. 11.2). Long-term risks include a 300% increase in the relative risk of handicap in triplets compared with singletons (2.9 vs. 1.0), and a 650% increase in the rate of cerebral palsy per 1,000 live births in triplets compared with singletons (26.6 vs. 1.6). Peripartum costs relate to prematurity rather than plurality, as do lifetime survivorship costs, which relate to morbidities and subsequent health-related problems.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vaginal infection: prophylaxis and perinatal outcome--a review of the literature.

Vaginal discharge is the symptom that most often prompts a woman to consult a physician in order to determine the presence of an infection. However, much vaginal infection, particularly bacterial vaginosis, is nearly asymptomatic. In all cases, diagnosis is based on evaluation of the vaginal ecosystem and demonstration of the presence of the suspected microorganism. Besides bacteria, fungi (Candida) and protozoans (Trichomonas) are very common pathogens and produce characteristic findings. When present during pregnancy, these infections have been linked to low birth weight and obstetric disorders. There is a great need for a full understanding of the connection between what appears to be "normal" discharge in pregnancy and important adverse perinatal outcomes.

Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circadian rhythm chaos: a new breast cancer marker.

The most disappointing aspect of breast cancer treatment as a public health issue has been the failure of screening to improve mortality figures. Since treatment of late-stage cancer has indeed advanced, mortality can only be decreased by improving the rate of early diagnosis. From the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s, it was expected that thermography would hold the key to breast cancer detection, as surface temperature increases overlying malignant tumors had been demonstrated by thermographic imaging. Unfortunately, detection of the 1-3 degrees C thermal differences failed to bear out its promise in early identification of cancer. In the intervening two-and-a-half decades, three new factors have emerged: it is now apparent that breast cancer has a lengthy genesis; a long-established tumor-even one of a certain minimum size-induces increased arterial/capillary vascularity in its vicinity; and thermal variations that characterize tissue metabolism are circadian ("about 24 hours") in periodicity. This paper reviews the evidence for a connection between disturbances of circadian rhythms and breast cancer. Furthermore, a scheme is proposed in which circadian rhythm "chaos" is taken as a signal of high risk for breast cancer even in the absence of mammographic evidence of neoplasm or a palpable tumor. Recent studies along this line suggest that an abnormal thermal sign, in the light of our present knowledge of breast cancer, is ten times as important an indication as is family history data.

Breast Neoplasms↗