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Biomedical subjects

J J Railhac

Publications and source records attributed to J J Railhac.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Intermittent ureteropelvic junction obstruction and aberrant vessel to the lower pole of the kidney in children].

Intermittent ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children is a distinct clinical syndrome, it is often associated with an anteriorly crossing aberrant vessel to the lower pole of the kidney. The presence of these vessels increases the risk of complication and requires surgical management. CT scan is already the best exam to find these vessels in adults before treatment. It seems to be also efficient in children. This case report illustrates this indication.

Child↗
PubMed2002

[Value of MR imaging of the fetal kidney].

Sonography is the imaging modality of choice for initial evaluation of the fetus. However, the role of MR imaging for fetal evaluation is expanding. Based on a review of seven cases, the role of MRI to further characterize renal abnormalities detected at US, especially hyperechoic kidneys, is demonstrated.

Female↗
PubMed2001

[Normal and pathologic symphysis pubis: value of imaging].

The pubic symphysis is a region which has been little or poorly investigated by imaging. It is however electively and primarily affected by many micro and macro-trauma and is a convenient witness of more general disorders, in particular rheumatological. After a brief anatomical and biomechanical review, the principal pathological aspects are set out.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2001

[Strict anteroposterior radiography of the shoulder: value of the assessment of rotator cuff tears].

PURPOSE: To compare the contribution of various radiographic projections in the evaluation of impingement syndrome and rotator cuff tears. Materials and method. We realized a prospective study in 53 patients with suspected rotator cuff tear, evaluated by plain radiographs and arthrography (gold standard). 31 patients were men and 22 were women (mean age 51 years). In all patients, anteroposterior radiograph, strict anteroposterior straight-beam decubitus view and anteroposterior radiograph during Leclercq's maneuver of the affected shoulder were obtained. The population was divided into three groups: group 1: normal arthrography (n=19), group 2: isolated supraspinatus tendon tear (n=23), group 3: rupture of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons (n=11). The acromio-humeral space was measured on all these views and differences between the three groups were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: There is a significant statistical difference between the height of the acromio-humeral space found in patients with isolated tear of the supraspinatus tendon and those with a tear extending to the infraspinatus tendon (p=0.0001). The ROC methodology showed a better accuracy of the strict anteroposterior straight-beam decubitus view in cases of wide ruptures of the rotator cuff, and this for a selected threshold value of 6 mm. CONCLUSION: Strict anteroposterior straight-beam decubitus view, seems to be easy to realize, cheap, reproducible and very powerful in the preoperative assessment of patients with suspected rotator cuff tendon tear. It allows an excellent visualization of the acromioclavicular joint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Imaging of the hip in healthy children in MRI: evaluation of the acetabular coverage].

PURPOSE: To define with MR imaging a reference value for acetabular coverage on coronal and sagittal images for a population of healthy children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 36 children (72 hips) where prospectively studied over 1 year. T1-weighted spin-echo images in both coronal and sagittal planes were obtained. Slice thickness was 4 mm. Measurement of acetabular coverage (AHI: Acetabular-Head Index) was made in both planes with two different landmarks: bone and cartilage. Study of the evolution with age was made. RESULTS: The acetabular coverage is symmetrical and decreases with age. Its measurement is reproducible. CONCLUSION: This study shows that measurement of acetabular coverage (AHI) is easily obtained at MR imaging and is reproducible. We suggest 83 (mean 1SD) as the inferior limit for AHI based on cartilage measurements. We introduce sagittal values, never published. We believe that MR, by its ability to demonstrate the cartilaginous surfaces, will play a major role in the true understanding of the anatomical relationship between the femoral head and the acetabulum.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed2000

Accuracy and precision of in vivo bone mineral measurements in sheep using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

We evaluated the precision and accuracy of in vivo measurements of spine bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in five ewes using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, Lunar DPX-L). The short-term in vivo reproducibility expressed as the coefficient of variation (CV) varied from 0.9 to 1.6% for spine BMD and from 1 to 3.1% for spine BMC. The ex vivo measurements, performed in 20 cm of water to simulate soft tissue thickness, correlated closely with the in vivo measurements, yielding an r value of 0.98 and 0.97 for spine BMD and BMC, respectively. The accuracy was determined by comparing the total BMC of each vertebra measured in vivo with the corresponding ash weight. The correlation coefficient between the two measurements was r = 0.98, with an accuracy error of 5.6%. We concluded that the DXA allows a precise and accurate measurement of spine bone mineral in live ewes using the methodology designed for humans.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2000

[Capsular retraction of shoulder: prospective study of imaging benefits in 20 patients].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the contribution of principal imaging techniques in diagnosis and treatment in adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 20 patients presenting adhesive capsulitis of shoulder since mean of 6,7 months, the following examinations were performed: radiographies, angioscintigraphy, MRI as well as an opaque arthrography and a bursography associated with corticosteroid injection. Patients were followed during one year. RESULTS: The opaque arthrography was to affirm the adhesive capsulitis for the inclusion of the patients. Radiographies (patchy demineralization) and scintigraphy (hyperfixation) were often pathological. In MRI, T1 fat-saturated sequences after contrast injection almost always showed enhancement of the articular capsula, the synovia, the miscellaneous bone or the sub-acromial bursa. The latter was often modified and retracted at bursography. In 19 of 20 cases, a functional improvement was observed after the opacifications. CONCLUSION: Therapeutic effect of both arthrography and bursography is almost proved. Post contrast MRI confirms presence of vascular troubles in all the shoulder structures even at this advanced stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Is capsular retraction a specific CT sign of malignant liver tumor?

The aim of this study was to assess if a liver capsular retraction is a specific CT sign in malignant hepatic tumors. The authors reviewed retrospectively 320 hepatic CT scans obtained in 300 patients during a 3-year period. These patients presented with benign (n = 64) or malignant (n = 236) hepatic tumors. In 7 patients we found retraction of the capsule surrounding the tumor. All these tumors were histologically proven as malignant lesions: 4 metastases (none being chemically treated), 2 peripheral cholangiocarcinomas, and 1 epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. The prevalence of this sign was 2.18% (7 of 320) in this series. This capsular retraction pattern has never been found in hepato-cellular carcinomas (no fibrolamellar in this series) and benign lesions. Liver capsular retraction is an uncommon but specific (100%) sign in malignant hepatic tumors; however, a larger and prospective series is needed.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Osteoid osteoma: CT-guided percutaneous resection and follow-up in 38 patients.

PURPOSE: To reevaluate at medium term the results of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous resection of osteoid osteomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight patients who had undergone treatment by means of this technique were reexamined with a mean follow-up of 3.7 years. The short- and medium-term clinical course and histologic features of the resection specimens were analyzed. RESULTS: The bone fragment could be analyzed in all cases, and the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma was confirmed in 28 patients (74%). A different diagnosis was made in six patients: mucoid cyst, subchondral arthritic geode, fibrous dysplastic lesion, focal osteochondritis, or focal chronic osteomyelitis. Cure was obtained in 32 patients (84%), whatever the cause. Complications, generally minor and transient, were observed in nine patients (24%). The most severe complications were two femoral fractures and one focal chronic osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus infection. CONCLUSION: The results of this study confirm the efficacy of percutaneous resection of osteoid osteomas and the possibility of using this method for successful treatment of other small bone lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Snapping scapula: the value of 3D imaging].

Snapping scapula is a rare and poorly known cause of shoulder pain and is related to mechanical impingement between the scapula and the rib cage. We present a case in which CT scan was valuable, as a complement to clinical evaluation, for demonstrating the bony component of this entity. 3D reconstructions greatly facilitated diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Percutaneous resection under computed tomography guidance of osteoid osteoma. Mid-term follow-up of 38 cases].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the mid-term outcome following CT-guided percutaneous resection of osteoid osteoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 38 patients who had been treated by CT-guided percutaneous resection were included. The mean follow-up of 3.7 years. Early and mid-term outcome and histology were analyzed. RESULTS: Histological samples were adequate in 92% of cases and a diagnosis of osteoid osteoma was confirmed in 73.7% of cases. In 6 cases, the lesion was not an osteoid osteoma: 2 mucoid cysts, 1 benign fibrous dysplasia, 1 fibromucoid lesion, 1 focal osteochondritis, 1 osteomyelitis. Cure was achieved in 84.2% of patients. Minor transient complications occurred in 23.7% of cases. The most serious complications included: 1 intramuscular hematoma, 2 femoral fractures, and 1 case of S. aureus osteomyelitis. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that CT-guided percutaneous resection of osteoid osteomas is effective and shows that other small lesions can also be treated using this technique.

Adolescent↗