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Biomedical subjects

J J Simmons

Publications and source records attributed to J J Simmons.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Silver-alloy powder and glass ionomer cement.

This article examines some physical property improvements made when a spherical silver alloy powder is added to a hydrous, restorative (type II) glass ionomer cement. When this first metal-reinforced glass ionomer cement is handmixed thickly and quickly, physical properties and clinical handling are improved. These various improvements make this metal-reinforced cement similar in clinical applications to a biocompatible dental epoxy. Three clinical cases are illustrated to show how simply this metal-reinforced glass ionomer cement can be used in dental practices.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

A health promotion program: Staying Healthy After Fifty.

In this article, a description of how a comprehensive health promotion program for older adults was developed, tested with a quasi-experimental study design, and then revised to become a nationwide AARP and Red Cross program is presented. Teaching and learning methods used in the course are described with supporting education and behavioral theory. The course content for instructors, facilitators, and course participants is outlined. The key elements in the preparation of instructors and facilitators are identified. Results of the implementation of the program are given.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1989

Interorganizational collaboration and dissemination of health promotion for older Americans.

This article describes how a successful health promotion program for older adults was adapted and disseminated through collaboration of the American Association of Retired Persons, the American Red Cross, and the Dartmouth Institute for Better Health. The details of this effort are presented in three sections: the conceptual framework used to build the collaborative relationship, the outcomes, and an analysis of these experiences as they relate to the diffusion of innovations in organizations. The problems encountered are discussed as well as the need for more time to elapse before judging the ultimate success of the diffusion of the program.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1989

Computer-based exercises in anemia diagnosis (PlanAlyzer).

PlanAlyzer is a microcomputer-based, event-driven system for instructional research in medical education. Aimed at the second year medical student, PlanAlyzer elicits and critiques a student's approach to the diagnosis of a common medical disorder. In this paper we discuss the concept, development, implementation and formative evaluation of the PlanAlyzer system for the evaluation of anemia.

Anemia↗
PubMed1979

Nutritional care in pregnancy: the patient's view. I. Amount, type, and sources of dietary advice and treatment.

Interviews were conducted with ninety-two pregnant women who attended an out-patient clinic of a major obstetrical teaching hospital. All were between thirty-four and thirty-eight weeks pregnant when interviewed. Information was obtained on the amount, type, and sources of professional dietary advice; current dietary treatments; and the patterns and nature of the patients' contacts with dietitian. The dietitian was the major source of prenatal dietary advice. Only one-third of subjects received additional advice from other professionals, usually the nurse. Physicians were rarely identified as a source of dietary advice. Approximately one-third of subjects reported receiving dietary instructions to restrict intakes of calories and/or sodium. Physicians instituted these restrictions more frequently than did nurses. Few patients were referred to the dietitian for advice on these diets. Multivitamin and iron supplements were prescribed routinely. Three-quarters of subjects made at least one visit to the nutrition service, generally early in their prenatal care. For most subjects, this was their first experience with a dietitian. Nurses made considerably more referrals to the dietitian than did physicians. There would appear to be a need to educate other health professionals, especially physicians, on the advantages of more liberal diets and weight gain in pregnancy and on the special skills of the dietitian in promoting sound nutritional habits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Nutritional care in pregnancy: the patient's view. II. Perceptions, satisfaction, and response to dietary advice and treatment.

Ninety-two pregnant women attending the out-patient clinic of a major obstetrical teaching hospital were interviewed. Information on their perception of diet during pregnancy, response to dietary advice, and satisfaction with the type and amount of dietary information given was collected. Almost all subjects considered diet to be important during pregnancy. Prenatal dietary advice was perceived as somewhat restrictive, and for approximately a third of the subjects, compliance with dietary advice was a serious concern. Most subjects indicated making some dietary changes during pregnancy, usually as a result of the advice received. Poor compliance was reported with iron supplementation, and many of the women attributed adverse symptoms to this medication. Subjects appeared more satisfied with the amount than the type of dietary advice received, and negative or noncommittal attitudes toward nutrition services were expressed by half of the subjects. Feeling of guilt, attitudes of other professionals, and perceived difficulties of complying with dietary instructions were the major reasons given for these negative feelings. Rescheduling and better integration of nutrition services in the prenatal visit are suggested to improve patient satisfaction with dietary counseling.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Nutritional care in pregnancy: the patient's view. III. Perceived need for advice and effectiveness of advice received.

Interviews were conducted with ninety-two pregnant women who attended the out-patient clinic of a major obstetrical teaching hospital. Information was obtained on the patients' perception of their need for dietary advice during pregnancy and selected demographic, nutritional, and medical care characteristics, as well as their response to, and satisfaction with, the dietary advice and treatment they received. The patients' perceived need for dietary advice appears to be an important factor in the apparent effectiveness of prenatal dietary counseling. Patients who expressed a need for dietary advice were more likely to consider diet important during pregnancy, to have positive feelings toward nutrition services, to have visited the dietitian, and to report making changes in their diet because of the advice received. Little association was observed between demographic and medical care characteristics of patients or more objective measures of need for dietary advice and the patients' own perception of need. It is suggested that patients whose expressed need for counseling is at variance with objective measures are a group requiring special attention.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Program planning in health education.

This selected review of the health education literature suggests that progress has been made in developing extensive conceptual frameworks to examine the interrelationships of complex forces which influence health related behaviors. However, the reviewer found very little applied research in which these concepts are translated into effective and efficient intervention strategies within ongoing programs. The author states that an improvement in the state of the art in health education practice should emerge from seven important developments which she identifies.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effectiveness of physician antismoking advice.

The Dartmouth Primary Care Cooperative Information (COOP) Project conducted a controlled trial on the impact of antismoking advice from office-based physicians. Eighteen primary care medical practices were randomly assigned to be intervention or customary care practices. Medical personnel assigned to the intervention practices were to systematically identify cigarette smokers (among patients aged 35 to 59 years making an office visit), advise them to quit smoking, and provide educational materials. A random sample of 258 smokers was identified and followed-up four months later. Intervention-group smokers were more likely to report being advised to quit smoking (77 percent versus 47 percent) and to attempt quitting (39 percent versus 31 percent), but had success rates similar to those of the other group (6 percent versus 7 percent). We conclude that the medical office is an excellent place to identify large numbers of smokers and initiate attempts at quitting, but find that simple antismoking information and advice are not enough to improve cessation rates.

Adult↗