PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J J Warren

Publications and source records attributed to J J Warren.

81 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of enamel hypoplasia and isolated opacities in the primary dentition.

PURPOSE: Enamel hypoplasia is of interest to both the clinician and the basic scientist because it may indicate an increased risk for caries and can contribute to the understanding of enamel development. The purpose of this paper is to report the prevalence of enamel hypoplasia and isolated enamel opacities in a cohort of healthy, well-nourished children in Iowa. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 698 children examined at 4-5 years of age. Individual tooth surfaces were scored for the presence of enamel hypoplasia (EH) and isolated enamel opacities. Prevalence of EH and isolated opacities were determined by tooth type and by gender. RESULTS: Six percent of the children examined had at least one tooth with EH; 27% had at least one tooth with isolated enamel opacities. There was no difference in the prevalence of EH between boys and girls, but significantly more boys than girls had enamel opacities. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of enamel defects in this study group is comparable to that seen in other studies of normally developed children except that in this study, the primary tooth types most commonly affected with enamel hypoplasia or isolated opacities were mandibular second molars and maxillary second molars, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pacifier use and the occurrence of otitis media in the first year of life.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess pacifier use as a risk factor for otitis media during the first year of life. METHODS: A volunteer cohort of 1,375 infants was recruited from eight hospital postpartum units in Iowa. Parents were asked to provide detailed information on their child's health at 6 weeks, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. Questions were posed concerning occurrence of specific childhood illnesses, including otitis media, at each time point, as well as other factors. RESULTS: Over 70% of children were reported to have experienced one or more episodes of otitis media during their first year of life, with its occurrence much more common during the second six months. Multivariate analyses using Generalized Estimating Equations assessed factors associated with otitis media during the entire 12-month period. These analyses showed that pacifier use, age, male sex, greater number of childcare days, and higher family incomes were significantly associated with occurrence of otitis media. CONCLUSIONS: Multivariate analyses found that the occurrence of otitis media was associated with pacifier use, one of few modifiable risk factors for otitis media.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toward comparable nursing data: American Nurses Association criteria for data sets, classification systems, and nomenclatures.

The American Nurses Association has long recognized the need for nursing to participate in the development of national healthcare data sets and standardized terminologies suitable for implementation in computer-based systems. In 1989, the American Nurses Association Steering Committee on Databases to Support Clinical Nursing Practice was established to make policy recommendations related to nursing data needs. A primary function of the committee was the development of criteria for "recognition" of nursing language systems toward the goal of a Unified Nursing Language System. The committee has evolved and, in 1998, was renamed the Committee on Nursing Practice Information Infrastructure. In this article the revisions in the American Nurses Association recognition criteria and the role of professional associations in standards development are discussed. Distinct criteria for nursing data sets, classification systems, and nomenclatures are reflective of the evolution in the healthcare environment toward concept-oriented terminologic systems that facilitate data re-use.

American Nurses' Association↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethical concerns about noncompliance in the chronically ill patient.

This article is a discussion of the research trends concerning noncompliance, ethical concerns about noncompliance with prescribed treatment of chronic disease, requirements for ethical practice concerning noncompliance and chronic illness, and needed research about the relationship between noncompliance and coping with chronic disease. Questions are proposed to guide specific research concerning the ethics and therapeutic regimen compliance of patients with chronic cardiac disease.

Behavioral Research↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patterns of fluoride dentifrice use among infants.

The early use of fluoride dentifrice and use of larger quantities recently have been identified as risk factors for dental fluorosis. However, little is known about fluoride dentifrice use and ingestion among infants and young children whose developing permanent teeth are at risk for dental fluorosis. This paper reports on patterns of fluoride dentifrice use among a birth cohort up to 12 months of age as reported by mothers by written questionnaire. Among those with teeth, percentages whose teeth were brushed at age 6, 9, and 12 months were 12.9%, 36.7%, and 64.5%, respectively. Percentages brushing with fluoride dentifrice were 1.9%, 11.7%, and 31.7%. Among those using dentifrice, the percentages using fluoride dentifrice were 94-97%. Among those using dentifrice, mean estimated quantities of fluoride from dentifrice used per brushing were 0.11, 0.14, and 0.17 mg F (range up to 0.88 mg). Among users, mean quantities of fluoride from dentifrice used per day were 0.21, 0.20, and 0.19 mg F (range up to 1.75 mg). Results suggest that fluoride dentifrice use among infants varies greatly, can be substantial, and can be a risk factor for dental, fluorosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of air abrasion versus acid etch sealant techniques: six-month retention.

This study compared two techniques for placing sealant in an elementary school setting. Eighty-five children in grades 1 to 4 in two schools were assigned randomly to two sealant treatment groups: 1) acid etch technique (AE), and 2) air abrasion with no acid etch (KCP-1000). Noncarious, nonfilled occlusal, distolingual and buccal pit surfaces of first permanent molars were sealed. A total of 300 teeth received sealants, and 230 were evaluated at 6 months. Rates of complete sealant retention at 6 months were: occlusal surfaces, 97% for AE and 96% for KCP-1000; distolingual surfaces, 82% for AE and 49% for KCP-1000; and buccal surfaces, 77% for AE and 7% for KCP-1000. Differences in complete retention at 6 months between AE and KCP-1000 were not significant for occlusal surfaces (P = 0.14) but were significant for buccal and distolingual surfaces (P < 0.0001). Results suggest that sealants placed with air abrasion have retention rates for occlusal surfaces similar to AE. More research is needed to identify factors contributing to low retention rates on other surfaces for KCP-1000.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

First-molar caries experience among Taiwanese first-grade children.

Evidence suggests that dental caries levels may have risen dramatically among Taiwanese children during the past twenty years. Accurate and consistent methods of assessing the dental caries in Taiwanese children, however, have not been widely employed. This project assessed, in detail, the caries status of 333 first grade children attending four schools in Taiwan. Mean DMFS and DMFT computed solely from first-molar data for these children were 1.46 and 1.19, respectively. Mean DMFS for females was 1.57, while for males it was 1.35. Overall, 48 percent of the children were caries-free in their permanent first molars. Nearly 90 percent of DMF was "decayed," while the remainder was "filled." Children from families in lower socioeconomic status (SES) categories had significantly higher mean DMFS than did higher SES children. Results suggest that caries prevention and dental treatment programs should be developed or enhanced to reduce the caries problem among Taiwanese children, particularly those at high risk.

Child↗