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Biomedical subjects

J Jancík

Publications and source records attributed to J Jancík.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Microvessels of bulbar conjunctiva in UPTAH goats.

Aiming to observe directly the microcirculation after total artificial heart (TAH) implantation, we performed a long-term follow-up in 2 goats using conjunctival angioscopy. A short segment of parallel arteriole and venule was photographed and analyzed on computer picture program (magnification 40x). Three main parameters were measured: arteriole diameter, venule diameter, and arteriovenous ratio (A/V ratio). The intrathoracically implanted TAH was the undulation pump total artificial heart (UPTAH) with cardiac output of 100 ml/kg/min. To stabilize the peripheral hemodynamics a 1/R biofeedback control system was used. Our results provided only elementary data about morphology of bulbar microvessels. The main finding was the tendency to general vasoconstriction, more intensive on the venous side (*P < 0.05 in one goat). We did not observe any pathological shapes (e.g., tortuosities, varicosities, or sludge); this result could be attributed to the high effectivity of 1/R control method. These preliminary results should be considered only as an attempt to apply the widely used clinical method of conjunctival angioscopy to the conditions of TAH.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[The effect of walking exercise on aerobic capacity and serum lipids in type 2 diabetics].

Regular physical activity can have a favourable impact on other risk factors of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and associated diabetes (DM), such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and others. This important part of treatment of diabetes is frequently difficult to implement because of the lack of willingness ("adherence") of type 2 diabetics to practice regular exercise, and unequivocal data are lacking on the intensity of exercise which will influence effectively these risk factors and be at the same time safe, readily available and psychologically acceptable. The objective of the work was to find out whether walking, i.e. locomotor activity with a low to medium intensity can effectively influence parameters of aerobic capacity and blood lipids. The authors submit the results of two groups of type 2 diabetics. The experimental group B (n = 10, age 57 +/- 7 years, BMI 31 +/- 3, duration of DM 8 +/- 5 years) participated in a 12-week training programme of walking; at the beginning and at the end of this period indicators of aerobic capacity at the level of the anaerobic threshold (VO2ANP) were evaluated as well as at the level of the symptom limited maximum (VO2SL, TepO2SL), and the blood lipid levels. In the control group A (n = 6, age 58 +/- 7 years, BMI 32 +/- 4) indicators of aerobic capacity and blood lipids were assessed after a 12-week period of the usual habitual physical activity. In group B the 12-week walking training led to significant improvement of parameters of aerobic capacity at the level of the anaerobic threshold (ANP), oxygen pulse at the level of the symptom limits maximum (SL) and a significant reduction of total and LDL cholesterol. In the control group no significant changes occurred in aerobic capacity nor blood lipid values. The training programme where walking was selected as physical activity with a low to medium intensity can be considered suitable for everyday life of motivated patients with type 2 diabetics, preferably in the form of a domestic training programme. The prerequisite of success is its regular and frequent evaluation by health professionals.

Anaerobic Threshold↗
PubMed2003

[Combined training in patients with systolic left ventricular dysfunction].

The objective of the work was to evaluate the effect of eight-week combined training on the performance, aerobic capacity and basic haemodynamic parameters in patients with systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle and to assess its safety. The investigation comprised 26 patients, men mean age (x +/- SD) 61.8 +/- 11.1 years with coronarographically verified chronic ischaemic heart disease and with a left ventricular ejection fraction lower than 40% (EF 35 +/- 4%). Before the beginning and after completion of the rehabilitation programme (eight weeks) a spiroergometric examination was made, up to the symptom-limited maximum. Fitness elements were included after 2 weeks of aerobic training. The lesson lasted 60 mins. and included warming up (10 mins.), aerobic load on an ergometer with an intensity of the load at the level of the anaerobic threshold (20 mins.), the stage of fitness training on a combined training machine (20 mins) and the relaxation stage (10 mins). In the fitness stage the patients started to exercise at the 30% level, after two weeks at the 60% level 1-RM (one repetition maximum) The results showed after eight-week combined training a significant (p < 0.05) increase of the maximum achieved performance (from 104 +/- 27 to 132 +/- 32 W) in patients with systolic left ventricular dysfunction. There was a significant increase in the capacity of the transport system expressed by the value of the maximum oxygen uptake (from 1545 +/- 312 to 1740 +/- 359 ml.min-1) and MET (from 5.3 +/- 1.3 to 6.0 +/- 1.4). There was a significant decrease of the blood pressure at rest, systolic and diastolic, and of the baseline value of the heart rate at rest and of the "product rate, pressure"--RPP. Changes in the EF were not significant.

Exercise Therapy↗
PubMed2001

[Effect of physical training on the magnitude of left ventricular ischaemic dysfunction in patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease].

Twenty-two patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and reversible myocardial ischaemia after a load as recorded by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) participated in an eight-week rehabilitation programme. Before exercise their efficiency was tested by spiroergometric examinatin and the patients were randomized into two groups. Group A (10 patients) took exercise at the level of the anaerobic threshold (high intensity training), group B (12 patients) trained at the level of the 60 % anaerobic threshold (low intensity training). The exercise unit including the warming up and relaxation stage lasted 50 minutes and was repeated three times per week. Before and after the rehabilitation programme in all patients spiroergometry was performed as well as exercise pulsed tissue Doppler echocardiography to evaluate regional systolic and diastolic left ventricular function in the ischaemic area, localized beforehand by the SPECT. The following parameters were evaluated by echocardiograpphy: the peak velocity of motion in the ischaemic area in systole (Si), the peak velocity of motion in the ischaemic area in early diastole (Ei) ad in atrial contraction (Ai), and the ratio Ei/Ai was calculated. With the exception of the decline of the value at rest Ai from 8.4 +/- 1.3 cm/sec to 7.3 +/- 1.3 cm/s (p < 005) in the exercising group A none of the parameters of left ventricular regional function changed significantly after an eight-week rehabilitation programme. The maximal performance achieved in spiroergometry increased however after rehabilitation in group A (from 145 +/- 36 W to 162 +/- 39 W, p < 0.01) as well as in group B (from 112 +/- 36W to 122 +/- 36W, p < 0.05). I It may be concluded that a rehabilitation programme of high and low intensity improved the load tolerance during spiroergometry but did not lead to significant improvement of regional systolic and diastolc left ventricular function in the area of reversible ischaemia.

Echocardiography, Doppler↗
PubMed1999

[Changes in left ventricular function during chemotherapy with doxorubicin].

The authors investigated by echocardiography changes of left ventricular function in 79 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease who were treated by chemotherapy containing doxorubicin. In 22% patients they diagnosed during treatment a significant gradual decline of the left ventricular ejection fraction (change > 10% or a drop of EF below 50%) after a cumulative dose of 185 +/- 52 mg/m2 doxorubicin (median 200 mg/m2). Changes of the ejection fraction were at the expense of an increasing endsystolic left ventricular volume. These changes correlated closely with the increase of endsystolic stress of the left ventricular wall (r = -0.87). After administration of a cumulative doxorubicin dose of 100 mg/m2 a significant deterioration of indicators of diastolic filling of the left ventricle occurred--of the isovolumic relaxation period (IRP) and deceleration time (DT). The contribution of these early changes of diastolic function of the left ventricle for assessment of the risk of development of systolic dysfunction is not unequivocal. Prolongation of IRP > 12% as compared with the baseline value and at the same time above 95 ms had a 50% sensitivity, 50% specificity, a 26% positive prediction value a 74% negative prediction value and 50% diagnostic accuracy, change of DT > 13%, and at the same time prolongation above 200 ms had a 47% sensitivity 55% specificity, a 22% positive prediction value, a 78% negative prediction value and a 53% diagnostic accuracy. The authors found a significant relationship between the assessed changes of left ventricular function and clinical and haemodynamic indicators. Only the patients' age correlated significantly with IRP and DT values. Changes of the left ventricular ejection fraction were not associated with clinical signs of cardiac failure, they did not call for cardiological intervention and did not affect the course of chemotherapy. Contrary to some statements in the literature, the authors did not consider the described functional changes as sufficient to justify interference with chemotherapy. On the other hand, their importance for the development of late sequelae of chemotherapy with anthracyclines in adult patients must be based on long-term prospective follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Involvement of the cardiac muscle in anemia].

Anemia is probably the most widespread syndrome associated with a very wide spectrum of pathological conditions with a different genesis. In malignities and their treatment it is one of the very serious complications the impact of which is manifested in particular in the state of the circulation. Thus anemia can cause deterioration of primary cardiac and cardiovascular complications which develop either as a result of the malignant disease or as a result of its treatment by cardiotoxic drugs. Thus risk conditions with the functional consequence of cardiovascular impairement are potentiated. This can complicate the disease or limit therapeutic possibilities. In the submitted work the authors tried to analyze the importance of anemia from the aspect of cardiovascular pathophysiology and outline results of their own observation supported by data from the literature concerned with this problem. From the observations ensues that in the group of patients studied by the authors who had careful substitution treatment with erythrocyte concentrates there were no serious drops of Hb which could be of fundamental importance from the aspect of cardiovascular damage. For this reason the cardiovascular status can be evaluated only from the aspect of primary toxicity of oncological treatment (if we omit direct damage by the disease) and it is not necessary to consider the consequences of hematological complications which must be taken into account when HB levels are lower than 70 g/l.

Anemia↗