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Biomedical subjects

J Jarrell

Publications and source records attributed to J Jarrell.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Breast examination does not elevate serum prolactin.

Serum prolactin and cortisol levels were measured in 24 patients entering the Royal Victoria Hospital infertility center both before and after a thorough physical examination that included a pelvic examination and a search for galactorrhea in both breasts. There was no significant change in the levels of prolactin or cortisol in the group as a whole in those with normal prolactin values and those with high basal prolactin values (P less than 0.05). The possible role of stress in the mediation of occasional elevation of basal prolactin values is discussed in relation to the serum cortisol levels.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1976

Mechanism of action of spironolactone on adrenocortical function in guinea pigs.

Spironolactone administration (50 mg/kg/day for 3 days) to make guinea pigs decreased cortisol production by adrenal slices in vitro. Adrenal microsomal and mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 levels were also decreased after treatment with spironolactone. The decline in adrenal cytochrome P-450 content was accompanied by decreases in microsomal 21-hydroxylase and mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage and 11beta-hydroxylase activities. Activities of other adrenal enzymes, such as delta4-hydrogenase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, were unaffected by spironolactone treatment. Cortisone administration to guinea pigs failed to mimic the effects of spironolactone on adrenal function, which indicates specificity of spironolactone action and excludes inhibition of adrenocorticotropin secretion as a mode of action. Addition of spironolactone to isolated adrenal mitochondria or microsomes produced type I spectral changes with spectral dissociation constants similar to those for endogenous steroid substrates. Spironolactone, in vitro, inhibited 11beta- but not 21-hydroxylase activity. The results indicate that spironolactone administration diminishes the activity of adrenal mitochondrial as well as microsomal cytochrome P-450-containing enzymes, resulting in a fall in corticosteroid output.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of reproductive outcomes in women inadvertently exposed to hexachlorobenzene in southeastern Turkey in the 1950s.

In southeastern Turkey during the period of 1955-57, women were accidentally exposed to the fungicide hexachlorobenzene (HCB) after eating contaminated seed grain and developed porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). While HCB has been shown to be a potent oocyte toxicant in primates and has been identified as an ovarian follicular fluid contaminant in women, its effect on human reproduction is poorly understood. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of HCB on women with a known high dose exposure. A retrospective controlled cohort comparison study of three groups was conducted. Group 1, those with confirmed PCT; Group 2, controls for the region and Group 3, controls for the country of Turkey, were followed-up after approximately 40 years (n=42/group). Blood samples were taken for analysis of serum HCB, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and inhibin. Frequency of HCB detection was greatest in Group 3, while number of cases with HCB values exceeding 1 ng/mL was significantly greater in Groups 1 and 2. There were no differences in the other biochemical measures. Interviews were completed for each patient regarding reproductive history (number of pregnancies, live births, spontaneous abortions, still births and sex of live babies). Multiple comparisons of the three groups, based on Fisher's test found the groups were inhomogeneous. When serum HCB was analyzed using correlated response logistic regression, there was a strong relationship between serum HCB levels and risk for spontaneous abortion but not sex ratio of children. The following findings were made. HCB is detectable and ubiquitous in serum samples from women in the country of Turkey with identified and unidentified exposure events. Spontaneous abortion risk is not restricted to women with identifiable exposure to HCB but to a surrogate marker of exposure (serum HCB sample). The risk of spontaneous abortion with HCB exposure requires further investigation.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Compared contralateral application of topical nitroglycerin on purpura fulminans.

In cases of purpura fulminans (PF), various treatments have been used to prevent the cutaneous involvement and extensive skin necrosis that can be both disfuguring and debilitating. In this article, we present a case where improvement in the progression of purpuric areas was accomplished by topical administration of nitroglycerin (TNG), as evidenced by comparison with symmetrical contralateral areas not so treated.

Administration, Topical↗