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Biomedical subjects

J Jason

Publications and source records attributed to J Jason.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The pediatrician's role in encouraging parent-child communication about the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: We explored whether communication from pediatrician to parent to child might assist in education about and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by comparing parents of children aged 10 through 17 years who did discuss acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with their children with parents of children aged 10 through 17 years who did not discuss AIDS with their children. RESEARCH DESIGN: Secondary analyses of the National Health Interview Survey, a general population survey with items on AIDS. We compared the relative importance of various characteristics in distinguishing parents who did discuss AIDS from those who did not. Variables included whether the parents had received an informational brochure about AIDS from a health care provider. RESULTS: Twenty percent of respondents had at least one child between ages 10 and 17 years; 62% of these parents had discussed AIDS with their children. This percentage was greater for parents living in metropolitan statistical areas with fewer than 100,000 persons compared with parents living in larger cities (73.6% vs 62.7%). Seventy-four percent of women (n = 4745) had spoken to their children about AIDS; only 49% of men (n = 3271) had done so. This gender difference was present in both one- and two-parent households. Hispanics were significantly less likely than non-Hispanics to have discussed AIDS with their children (men, 38.9% vs 49.9%; women, 62.6% vs 74.2%). Gender by far was most strongly associated with talking to children about AIDS, followed by self-assessed knowledge, knowing someone infected with the HIV, and actual knowledge about HIV and AIDS. Parents who reported reading an AIDS-related brochure were significantly more likely to have spoken with their children than were parents who had not read such a brochure (76.2% vs 57.4%). Thirty-seven percent of parents receiving a brochure received one from a health care provider. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatricians can assist in efforts to prevent HIV infection and AIDS by educating parents, especially mothers, about AIDS; by providing them with well-designed brochures about AIDS; and by encouraging them to discuss HIV with their children in a developmentally appropriate manner.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Recall of AIDS public service announcements and their impact on the ranking of AIDS as a national problem.

The efficacy of two public service announcements from Phase V of the "America Responds to AIDS" (ARTA) campaign was assessed at two sites. Participants were randomly assigned to view a local news program, one with an ARTA public service announcement appearing six times and the other with no AIDS public service announcements. During telephone interviews with 907 participants 1 to 3 nights after viewing, 21% at Site A and 59% at Site B could correctly recall the ARTA public service announcements. Absolute mentions of AIDS as an important national issue increased.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Relationship of partially purified factor concentrates to immune tests and AIDS. The Hemophilia-AIDS. Collaborative Study Group.

We evaluated those members of a cohort of 203 hemophilic men providing all necessary information at their 1984 and 1985 evaluations, to determine whether non-heated or less than 80 degrees C dry heat-treated partially purified factor products were associated with 1) the development of AIDS in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons or 2) abnormal immune test results in participants seroconverting or remaining HIV seronegative. We found no relationship between type of factor (VIII vs. IX) (n = 162), frequency of usage (greater than or equal to once a week vs. less than once a week) (n = 141) or yearly doses of non-heated or dry heat-treated partially purified factor (n = 118) and the development of AIDS. Seroconverting participants using partially purified factor products greater than or equal to once a week in 1984 had lower T-helper cell numbers in 1985 than those receiving factor less frequently (median 515 vs. 772/mm3, n = 9), as did those using factor greater than or equal to once a week in 1985 (median 515 vs. 726/mm3, n = 10). A similar relation was seen between 1984 frequency and 1985 T-helper cell numbers of seronegative participants (median 741 vs. 1037/mm3, n = 31). The yearly dose of heat-treated products was not associated with any immune test result or changes in results between years. These findings suggested that frequency of administration of partially purified factor materials may have had an effect upon the immune system, but that total yearly dose did not. Previously used partly purified, dry heat-treated factor concentrates were not associated with the development of AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Concordance of polymerase chain reaction with human immunodeficiency virus antibody detection.

To evaluate the correlation of detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with detection of HIV antibody, 271 simultaneous serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples were examined from 242 persons whose activities placed them at increased risk for HIV infection: 142 from homosexual men, 86 from hemophilic men, and 43 from heterosexual partners of HIV-infected persons. PCR was performed using the gag region primer pair SK38/39 and the env region primer pairs SK68/69 and CO71/72. Amplified HIV DNA was detected using specific oligomer probes. Of 63 HIV antibody-positive samples, 58 (92%) had HIV DNA by PCR. Of 208 HIV antibody-negative samples, 7 (3.4%) had HIV DNA by PCR. On follow-up, 4 of the latter persons were seropositive when next tested; 2 were well and antibody- and PCR-negative; 1 had died of a stroke before retesting. Thus, PCR detects HIV in most antibody-positive persons; detection is increased by use of multiple primer pairs. PCR-positive antibody-negative specimens may indicate HIV infection in which antibody has not yet developed or may be false-positive PCR results. When PCR is discordant with HIV antibody, testing of additional specimens and clinical follow-up are necessary to assess HIV infection status.

Bisexuality↗
PubMed1990

Pregnancies in human immunodeficiency virus-infected sex partners of hemophilic men. The Hemophilia-AIDS Collaborative Study Group.

We investigated 24 completed pregnancies of 20 healthy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive sex partners of 20 seropositive hemophilic men. One woman had recurrent herpes simplex type 2 infection; no woman was known to use illicit drugs or to have other purported cofactors for vertical HIV transmission. For 8 offspring, the mothers learned of their partners' serostatus and received counseling against pregnancy prior to the fifth month of gestation; for 9 offspring (37.5%), the mothers learned of their own seropositivity and received counseling prior to the fifth month. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome developed in 7 (35%) of 20 fathers, 4 of whom died; HIV-related symptoms developed in 4; severe liver disease developed in 2; and 7 (35%) were in good health. In four mothers (20%) HIV-related symptoms developed. Five offspring were breast-fed for 2 days to more than 3 years, two while the mother was known to be seropositive; four of these were seronegative and healthy, and one was seropositive at 30 months of age and had persistent cervical lymphadenopathy at 48 months of age. Infants were born at term; median birth weight was 2.86 kg. Solely on the basis of serologic studies and symptoms for those with more than 15 months of follow-up, the minimum perinatal transmission rate for this group of women without putative transmission cofactors (drug usage, promiscuity, malnutrition, HIV symptoms) was at least 25%, a rate comparable to that reported for women in other risk groups.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

HIV and hemophilic children's growth.

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) often has profound effects on growth; however, the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on asymptomatic children's growth are unknown. Before heat inactivation/HIV donor screening of factor concentrates, many hemophilic children became infected with HIV. We evaluated four hemophilic groups without AIDS, using age-standardized growth parameters: group 1, 41 HIV-seropositive children (median age of 13 years); group 2, 11 HIV-seronegative children (median age of 4 years); group 3, 20 children frequently receiving concentrates, evaluated before 1979 (median age of 9 years); and group 4, 11 children rarely receiving concentrates, evaluated before 1979 (median age of 6 years). Median height for age (HA), weight for age (WA), and weight for height (WH) of groups 1 and 2 exceeded the 50th percentile of referent norms. HA, WA, WH, and weight/height did not vary significantly by group, nor did these decline over periods of 11 to 70 months. However, for those less than 11 years of age in group 1, HA declined by 25 percentile points over at least a 3 year period. Also, group 1's T helper-to-suppressor cell ratios at 12 +/- 3 months following the latest growth evaluation were positively associated with both HA and WA at the last evaluation. Eight children were evaluated before 1979 and again after they seroconverted to HIV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Quantitation of human thymus/leukemia-associated antigen by radioimmunoassay in different forms of leukemia.

Using a radioimmunoassay, increased levels of a human thymus/leukemia-associated antigen (HThy-L) have been detected in leukemic cells and plasma from most patients with E-rosette-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and a number of patients with E-rosette-negative ALL, acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), acute monomyelocytic leukemia (AMML), and acute undifferentiated leukemia (AVL). Low levels of HThy-L have been demonstrated in white cells from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (stable phase) and in mononuclear cells from patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia. The relationship between HThy-L and differentiation of hematopoietic cells is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A system for evaluating the use of media in CDC's National AIDS Information and Education Program.

The National AIDS Information and Education Program (NAIEP) commissioned the National Academy of Sciences to design a prototypical system of research for use in the evaluation of the agency's media campaign. It consists of four types of evaluation: formative, efficacy, process, and outcome. These types of evaluations are used to answer such questions as the following: What message strategies will work best? Can a campaign under optimal conditions be expected to make a difference? What interventions are actually delivered during the campaign? Has the campaign actually had an impact? How NAIEP has used the system and adapted it during 1 year of research activities is outlined, and examples from a variety of other social marketing programs are described.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Paid advertising for AIDS prevention--would the ends justify the means?

An examination by the Centers for Disease Control and the Research Triangle Institute concluded that "hard-to-reach" populations could be reached with AIDS prevention messages through the broadcast and print media and that a study should be undertaken to assess whether paid placement of these messages could have an effect on HIV-related behaviors. The recommended target population for a study of paid advertising would be sexually active 18-24-year-old black urban dwellers. Its behavioral objectives would include abstinence and safer sex practices. For any evaluation of a paid advertising campaign to be valid, there would have to be extensive audience profiling, research into the development of the message, pretesting of the message, and involvement of the community. The proposed study would include measurement of various "dosage" levels of paid advertising, use of a no-intervention comparison group, and a novel data collection technique. Although a specific target group and specific messages would be involved, the evaluation would make a substantial contribution to resolving the broader issue of whether and how mass media should be used directly or indirectly to change or reinforce health-related behaviors.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗