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Biomedical subjects

J Jaubert

Publications and source records attributed to J Jaubert.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Histologic evidence of an abnormal bone remodeling in B-cell malignancies other than multiple myeloma.

In a prospective study of the quantitative bone changes induced by B-cell cancers other than multiple myeloma (MM), but including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; n = 8), hairy cell leukemia (HCL; n = 3), and Waldenström disease (WD; n = 7), an abnormal bone remodeling close to malignant cells was found in 80% of the patients. This was observed more frequently in cases of diffuse, but not nodular, bone marrow involvement by tumor cells. More particularly, excessive bone resorption (a major feature of MM) associated with a normal to low bone formation (i.e., uncoupling bone disease) was the most frequent feature and in the same range of that observed in overt MM. However, as opposed to MM, this bone resorption was characteristically mediated by small mononucleated osteoclasts (i.e., microresorption). The same phenomena of abnormal bone remodeling, the uncoupling process, excessive bone resorption, and above all microresorption were confirmed by the detailed bone study of five cases of B-cell cancers other than MM presenting lytic bone lesions and hypercalcemia. The current findings are important for clarifying the biology of these B-cell malignant diseases, and also could be of diagnostic and prognostic value.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[The contribution of cytogenetics to the evaluation of residual disease in malignant hemopathies].

Autologous bone marrow transplantation is now a major tool in the treatment of human leukemias and lymphomas. Evaluation of residual disease by standard cytological methods is difficult. Cytogenetics provide clonal markers which are specific features of leukemic cells. Detection of minimal disease by chromosomal methods is possible in acute leukemias, it requires karyotyping of a few hundred metaphases from a short term culture. A preselection of the material to be examined will improve the degree of sensitivity of the method.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1987

Hemoglobin Grange-Blanche [beta 27(B9) Ala----Val], a new variant with normal expression and increased affinity for oxygen.

Hemoglobin Grange-Blanche [beta 27(B9) Ala----Val] is a new variant found in a Portuguese family. The carriers present moderate erythrocytosis. Upon isoelectric focusing, Hb Grange-Blanche was slightly more cathodic than Hb A. beta Grange-Blanche chain migrated like the G gamma chain when submitted to electrophoresis in the presence of urea-Triton X-100. The precentage of Hb Grange-Blanche was about 50% in the heterozygous state. Oxygen affinity was increased (P50 = 22 mmHg), but heme-heme interaction was normal. An abnormal tryptic peptide (beta T3) was isolated using HPLC. Its composition allowed us to deduce unambiguously the amino acid change. The latter is the third mutation found in position 27 of the beta-chain. Because of its normal expression and its elevated affinity for oxygen, Hb Grange-Blanche contrasts with Hb Knossos [beta 27(B9) Ala----Ser], a beta-thalassemic variant with low affinity.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Biological rhythm and thromboembolic disease. Physiological, epidemiological and pharmacological aspects].

Arterial and venous thromboembolic disorders are the leading cause of death in most of the advanced nations. The study of physiologic, epidemiologic and pharmacologic relationships of these disorders to biological rhythms, may lead to a better understanding and perhaps a better treatment. Chronophysiologic studies have shown that hemostatic variables follow circadian rhythms. The level of platelets aggregation and of blood coagulation has been found to be increased in the morning and decreased at night, whereas fibrinolytic activity is lower in the morning than in the evening. Chronoepidemiologic studies demonstrated a morning peak for arterial thromboembolic disorders and an evening peak for cerebral bleedings. These facts might partially be explained by circadian variations in hemostasis and suggest a chronotherapeutic approach in thromboembolic disorders. Unfractionated heparin, because of its antithrombotic effect, is one of the major drugs used to treat this disease. However, with such a treatment venous thrombosis recurs or bleeding complications occur yet in about 30% of patients. Chronopharmacologic studies indicate that anticoagulant effect of heparin is minimum in the morning and maximum at night, following the physiologic circadian variation of blood coagulation. Such results suggest that the heparin doses should be modulated as a function of administration times in order to increase its effectiveness and to minimize both bleeding risk and thrombosis. Further studies are needed to evaluate such a proposal.

Biological Clocks↗
PubMed1987

[Cerebral aspergillosis. Apropos of 4 cases].

Four patients with aspergillosis of the central nervous system collected in less than two years are reported. Three patients had hematologic malignancies (acute myelogenous leukemia, Hodgkin's disease) and were treated with corticosteroids and chemotherapy. One patient received antimicrobial agents fort a post operative meningitis (after acoustic neuroma surgery). Analysis of these cases and review of literature available us to point out the increased frequency of invasive and cerebral aspergillosis particularly in immunocompromised hosts treated by cytotoxic drugs or broad spectrum antibiotic therapy. Diagnosis is very difficult because: --there are non specific radiologic features for aspergillus granuloma, abscess, aneurysm or meningitis, --blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures are invariably negative, --serologic tests have limited value in immunosuppressed patients (poor capacity to elaborate antibodies). Diagnosis can be made only by surgical biopsy who isolate fungal elements. However diagnosis in greatest cases is only made at autopsy. Treatment consist by antifungal drugs administered intravenously and surgery when it is possible. Prognosis of cerebral aspergillosis is very poor and mortality rate very high about 70%.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Massive therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation in pediatric and young adults Burkitt's lymphoma (30 courses on 28 patients: a 5-year experience).

A 5-yr experience of massive therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) for Burkitt's lymphoma is reviewed. Thirty courses were given to 28 patients. Three patients were in resistant relapse and all three died before day 54 post ABMT. Thirteen patients were in non-resistant relapse and seven are alive with non-evidence of disease (NED). All three patients grafted in partial remission (PR) are alive NED including two with initial central nervous system (CNS) disease. Nine patients were grafted in 1st complete remission (CR) either because of long delay to achieve CR or as consolidation in those with initial CNS involvement or leukaemia. Three of these nine are alive including 2/3 with a long delay to CR and 1/5 initial CNS. The overall survival NED for the 28 patients is 46%. The median observation time post ABMT, 22 months. Clear indications for ABMT in BL are in our opinion restricted to about 20% of the patients: non-resistant relapses and PR after initial induction therapy. Massive therapy as consolidation of 1st CR after initial CNS involvement and in resistant relapses should still be considered as experimental. In 14 patients whose marrow was purged there is laboratory evidence suggesting that the purging procedures used in this study may have been incomplete. Purging techniques still require perfection at a laboratory level and their rationale should not be judged on the basis of incomplete procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Skin manifestations of refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB)].

The authors describe three cases of refractory anaemia with an excess of myeloblasts in the bone marrow (RAEM), associated with pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) and vasculitis. The first patient was an 85-year old man whose RAEM had begun in 1979. In 1985, he developed pyoderma gangrenosum in the popliteal fossa and on the right heel. Histology confirmed the diagnosis. A direct immunofluorescence test on the biopsy specimen was negative. Apart from the haematological syndrome, there were no laboratory abnormalities. The cutaneous lesions disappeared after 7 weeks of treatment with prednisolone 20 mg per day. The blood disease remained unchanged. The second patient was a 71-year old woman with RAEM since 1982. In 1984, she presented with lesions of cutaneous vasculitis located on the anterior aspect of the upper third of her left leg. There was neither arthralgia nor fever, and no history of drug toxicity or infection. Beside RAEM, polyclonal hyperglobulinaemia was present. Histological examination of the skin showed evidence of vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis of vascular walls and perivascular lympho-histiocytic infiltrate with granulocytes and slight leucocytoclasia. Direct immunofluorescence testing of the skin demonstrated intravascular complement deposits. There were no circulating immune complexes; measurements of complement and complement fractions gave normal values; no cryoglobulin was found. The cutaneous lesions recurred on two occasions in 6 months, although no drug toxicity or infection could be elicited and the haematological syndrome was unaffected. The third patient was a 67-year old man with RAEM since 1982. In 1983, an ulcero-necrotic lesion spontaneously developed on his right leg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Nycthemeral variations of 99Tcm-labelled heparin pharmacokinetic parameters.

Six healthy volunteers (5 males and one female) received four i.v. boluses of 160 U.I. of 99Tcm-heparin at 8.00, 14.00, 20.00 and 02.00 hours at seven-day intervals. Nine blood samples were taken covering a period of 2 h after administration. Simultaneously urine was collected and diuresis was noted. Plasma and urinary radioactivity were measured and standard pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Nycthemeral variations of these kinetic parameters were detected by means of distribution-free tests. Circadian rhythms (period = 24 h) were analysed by means of the cosinor method and the Gauss-Marquardt method. The mean raw value of the following parameters: apparent volume of distribution, plasmatic clearance and extra-renal metabolic clearance, increased significantly between 8.00 and 14.00 (p less than 0.01) and decreased between 14.00 and 20.00 (p less than 0.05). A circadian rhythm was found for the plasmatic clearance only (p less than 0.04). On the other hand the elimination half-lives and the renal clearance were unaffected by the time of the injections. These results obtained for low doses of 99Tcm-heparin suggest a circadian rhythm of the bio-availability of heparin in man. This fact should be taken into account for the use of 99Tcm-heparin in the diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis and for the safe adjustment of the heparin dosages in the treatment of severe thromboembolism.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1985

[Nycthemeral change in the anticoagulant effect of heparin given at a constant rate by the intravenous route].

Six subjects with venous thromboembolism volunteered for this prospective study. Heparin was administrated intravenously at a constant rate with an infusion pump. The activated partial thromboplastin time (A.P.T.T.) and thrombin time (T.T.) were measured every 4 hrs. for 48 hrs. These coagulation tests exhibited a nycthemeral variation with a large amplitude which was reproducible from one day to the next and statistically validated by the cosinor method (p less than 0.001). All patients had a nocturnal peak of A.P.T.T. and T.T. on both days. In four patients this peak for A.P.T.T. exceeded the upper desired limit.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Gm allotype HLA antigens and T lymphocyte sub-populations in a group of patients having a positive Coombs test under treatment with alpha-methyldopa].

We analysed HLA-A, B, DR antigens and Gm allotypes in 45 Caucasian patients treated by alpha methyl dopa. 30 had a positive antiglobulin direct Coombs test of the pure IgG type and 15 showed no erythrocyte antibody. We found no difference in the HLA and Gm gene frequencies between the 2 patient groups and the normal control group (nb 104). Furthermore we appreciated the T cell subsets in 11 Coombs positive patients. They showed an increase of the helper/suppressor T cell ratio, due to a significant decrease of the suppressor T cell subset. These data are compatible with Kirtland findings which demonstrated a methyl dopa inhibition of suppressor lymphocyte function. However they do not support the hypothesis that genetic factors may have a role in the susceptibility of patients to methyl dopa induced suppressor-cell disfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Chromosome abnormalities in acute granulocytic leukemias or in non-lymphoid acute leukemias].

Chromosome anomalies, structural and/or numerical changes are present in about 50% of acute non lymphoïd leukemia (ANLL). They are non-random: chromosome 8, 7, 5 and 11 being more frequently involved. Correlations between chromosomal anomalies and type of proliferation have been established: translocation t (8;21) and acute myeloblastic leukemia M2; translocation t (15;17) and acute promyelocytic leukemia M3; structural anomalies of chromosome 11 long arm and acute monoblastic leukemia M5. A relationship between prognosis and leukemic karyotype has been found. Median survival is generally longer in patients with normal karyotypes. Future studies may correlate chromosome anomalies and metabolic changes with the help of progress in gene mapping. A better knowledge will provide not only a better therapy but also a better understanding of the leukemic process.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1982

[Chromosome anomalies in acute granular leukemias or acute nonlymphoid leukemias].

Chromosome anomalies, structural and/or numerical changes are present in about 50% of acute non lymphoid leukemia (ANLL). They are non-random: chromosome 8, 7, 5 and 11 being more frequently involved. Correlations between chromosomal anomalies and type of proliferation have been established: translocation t (8;21) and acute myeloblastic leukemia M2; translocation t (15;17) and acute promyelocytic leukemia M3; structural anomalies of chromosome 11 long arm and acute monoblastic leukemia M5. A relationship between prognosis and leukemic karyotype has been found. Median survival is generally longer in patients with normal karyotypes. Future studies may correlate chromosome anomalies and metabolic changes with the help of progress in gene mapping. A better knowledge will provide not only a better therapy but also a better understanding of the leukemic process.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1981

Variant translocation in Burkitt's lymphoma: 8;22 translocation in a French patient with an Epstein-Barr virus-associated tumor.

A variant translocation t(8;22)(q23;q11) has been found in tumor cells from a 19-year-old white man with an Epstein-Barr virus-associated Burkitt's lymphoma (BL). The tumor, which appeared 2 years after the patient had infectious mononucleosis, bore histopathological features characteristic of BL, although only the lymph nodes in the cervical region were involved. This case and some other recent cytogenetic observations of nonendemic BL emphasize the importance of chromosome #8 rearrangement in this B-cell-type lymphoma.

Adult↗