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Biomedical subjects

J Jew

Publications and source records attributed to J Jew.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Alterations of the intestinal innervation in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni.

Schistosomiasis mansoni is a parasitic disease in which granulomas form around schistosome eggs in the liver and intestines. The purpose of this study was to determine the alterations in the intrinsic innervation of the distal ileum and proximal colon resulting from schistosomiasis. Using murine schistosomiasis mansoni, we examined light microscopic preparations stained with osmium-zinc iodide or the dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: nitro BT oxidoreductase (NADH) method. We also examined specific populations of peptidergic nerves (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and substance P) using an avidin-biotin complex (ABC) immunohistochemical technique. We found that granulomas focally destroyed the enteric nerves. Occasionally nerves were found within granulomas, particularly at the periphery of the lesions. Nerve cell bodies close to granulomas had altered staining, which included increased staining for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The distribution of nerve injury varied between the 2 enteric segments studied. In the distal ileum, the principal injury was to the myenteric plexus; whereas, the submucous and mucosal plexuses were predominantly damaged in the proximal colon. The physiologic significance of this injury to the enteric nerves requires elucidation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Distribution of immunoreactive substance P in opossum esophagus.

We localized immunoreactive substance P and measured its content throughout the opossum esophagus. Substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers were more abundant in muscularis mucosae than in the longitudinal smooth muscle layer and more abundant in the latter than in the circular smooth muscle layer. The distribution of substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the circular muscle layer of the esophagogastric junction was comparable to that of the esophageal body. Immunoreactive fibers were also found on and in arteries, submucosal glands, and epithelium, but none were seen in striated muscle. Both the myenteric and submucous plexuses contained substance P-like immunoreactive nerve cell bodies and processes. In the muscularis propria, the content of substance P-like immunoreactive peptide (pg/mg protein, means +/- 1 SE) in the smooth muscle region of the esophageal body (5.9 +/- 0.6) exceeded that in the striated muscle region (2.5 +/- 0.2) and at the esophagogastric junction (1.8 +/- 0.5), but the latter two values were similar (P less than 0.05). Mucosal content of substance P in the region of the esophagogastric junction (1.2 +/- 0.1) differed from that of the smooth muscle region of the esophageal body (9.2 +/- 2.6) but not (P greater than 0.05) from that of the striated-muscle region (5.9 +/- 1.0). The broad distribution and diversity of immunoreactive structures suggest that substance P may have both sensory and motor functions in the esophagus.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive structures in the opossum esophagus.

Physiologic evidence that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) regulates esophageal smooth muscle in the opossum has been gathered without knowledge of the distribution of VIP in that organ. We examined planar sections stained for VIP by the avidin-biotin complex method, measured VIP content in mucosa and muscularis propria by radioimmunoassay, and compared neural structures reactive to VIP antiserum with those revealed by osmication in the presence of zinc iodide. Immunoreactive terminal nerves interlaced smooth muscle bundles in all layers in all smooth muscle regions, formed loose tangled knots about widely dispersed muscle cells in striated muscle, and supplied vessels and submucosal glands. Bipolar interstitial cells in the circular muscle layer stained by osmication were not VIP-immunoreactive. Perikarya in both submucous and myenteric plexuses were VIP-immunoreactive. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive oval cells with round unstained nuclei and a faintly granular cytoplasm were scattered in the muscle in all regions and were concentrated in the planes of the plexuses. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide content of muscularis propria in the smooth muscle esophageal body exceeded (p less than or equal to 0.05) that in the striated muscle esophageal body and the sphincter region, but contents in the latter two regions did not differ (p greater than or equal to 0.05). Mucosal content exceeded that of muscularis propria. The broad distribution and diversity of immunoreactive structures suggest that VIP may have functions in this organ besides the regulation of smooth muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Plasticity of catecholaminergic terminals in rat paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus after 6-hydroxydopamine lesion: an emphasis on bouton sizes and synaptic frequency.

Catecholaminergic (CA) nerve terminals in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) of adult rats were studied at 4, 21, 56 and 180 days after a single injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) neurotoxin into the right lateral ventricle of the brain. We previously described and quantified the extent of CA terminal sprouting in the PVN after 6-OHDA lesions. For this communication we studied parameters, specifically the bouton sizes and the synaptic frequencies of CA terminals during the renewal process, and evaluated how changes of these parameters are related to axonal sprouting. The CA boutons were identifiable in the electron microscope by exhibiting small granular vesicles (SGVs) after central administration of 5-hydroxydopamine (5-OHDA) marker. The marked CA boutons were measured and further categorized according to whether or not they were associated with distinct synaptic specializations at various post-lesion stages. The average sizes of CA boutons were strikingly similar in their diameters (1.0 micron) for both control and experimental tissues. However, CA boutons larger than 2.1 micron were rare and seen more often in the experimental tissues with 6-OHDA lesion and were sustained up to 180 days after lesions. Catecholaminergic profiles with ultrastructural features of growth cones were also seen in the PVN following the 6-OHDA lesions, indicating that there is growth activity in the PVN after 6-OHDA lesion. There were 33% of CA boutons in the PVN from the control tissues that appeared to have synaptic contacts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1980

Changes induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in the paraventricular nucleus. A correlated fluorescence microscopic/electron microscopic evaluation.

Remodelling of catecholaminergic (CA) fibers after cerebral intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) administration was evaluated quantitatively in the paraventricular nucleus ( PAR) of young adult rats, using fluorescence microscopy (FM) and electron microscopy (EM). Fluorescent CA varicosities and CA boutons (marked with 5-OH-DA) were counted after survival periods of 4, 21, 56 or 180 days. Four days after 6-OH-DA treatment, the number of fluorescent varicosities dropped to 45% of control numbers but was restored to 79% of control values by 180 days. In the EM study, marked boutons had dropped more dramatically: to 12% of control numbers, after 4 days and 54% by 180 days post-neurotoxin. These data provide strong evidence that substantial but incomplete restoration of CA terminals occurred in PAR. It is of interest that, in all survival intervals, percentage reductions in numbers of CA terminals were more extreme when EM was used for quantification. Nevertheless, the trends indicating partial restoration of terminal numbers with time were parallel in the FM and EM studies. Structures identified as CA growth cones in PAR contained a feltwork of fine filaments together with mitochondria, granular vesicles (often with electron-dense cores marked by the 5-OH-DA label), vacuoles and smooth-surfaced reticulum. The presence of growth cones, some of which persisted 11 months after neurotoxin administration, further supports the inference that a regenerative response of CA elements was evoked in PAR by the 6-OH-DA treatment.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1979

Age as a factor in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced plasticity in the hypothalamus.

The question of age as a possible factor influencing the regenerative response of catecholaminergic varicosities in the hypothalamus was investigated in the supraoptic commissure and the paraventricular, periventricular, and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei of rats that had received intraventricular injections of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine when they were (1) neonates, (2) young adults, or (3) senescent adults. After post-neurotoxin survival for 4, 21, 56, or 180 days, the animals were perfused, and the hypothalamic tissue sections were cut and processed using a glyoxylic acid method for localizing catecholamines. Four days following neurotoxin administration, counts of fluorescent varicosities showed a significant loss of catecholamine varicosities in each of the four areas. Subsequently, at least partial restoration of numbers of catecholamine varicosities occurred in all hypothalamic areas in all three age groups. It is concluded that, following selective lesions induced by the neurotoxin 6-OH-DA, catecholamine varicosities were restored both in immature and mature groups. According to the evidence obtained experimentally, the rate of restoration was greater in the neonate group, whereas the percentage restoration attained varies according to the hypothalamic area studied and the age of the animal.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Effect of surgical trauma on the endogeneous heme iron in the brain.

Paucity of electron-microscopic studies on the fate of endogenous heme iron, released as a result of planned surgery, in the central nervous system warranted the present work. During investigations of neuronal plasticity in the cat, an experimental model, in which the proximal cut end of the vagosympathetic trunk was rerouted into the diencephalon, presented an ideal substrate for studying this problem. At 3 months, the brain tissue containing the implant was processed for light and electron microscopy and histochemistry. Under light microscopy, Prussian-blue-positive, dense cytoplasmic aggregates were visible within the macrophages. The cells were mostly clustered around the junctional area between the central and peripheral nerve elements. Electorn-microscopic findings were highly characteristic and distinguished the macrophages from the surrounding neural elements by their rich content of electron-dense granules. While the latter were mostly scattered as free cytoplasmic particles, large aggregates of the same were also observed inside the lysosomes. Besides, a few inclusions were seen within astrocytic processes, close to the plasma membranes. At higher magnifications, the particles revealed the characteristic internal subunit structure of ferritin micelles. The uptake of hemoglobin and its subsequent conversion of ferritin within the macrophages and astrocytic processes are discussed at subcellular level in the light of other available studies.

Animals↗