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Biomedical subjects

J Jidoi

Publications and source records attributed to J Jidoi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

In vitro and in vivo activities of the benzoxazinorifamycin KRM-1648 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The in vitro and in vivo activities of a new benzoxazinorifamycin, KRM-1648 (KRM), against Mycobacterium tuberculosis were studied. The MIC at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited (MIC50) and the MIC90 of KRM for 30 fresh isolates of M. tuberculosis measured by the BACTEC 460 TB System were 0.016 and 2 micrograms/ml, respectively. These values were much lower than those for rifampin (RMP), which were 4 and >128 micrograms/ml, respectively, and considerably lower than those for rifabutin (RBT), which were 0.125 and 8 micrograms/ml, respectively. A correlational analysis of the MICs of these drugs for the clinical isolates revealed the presence of cross-resistance of the organisms to KRM and either RMP or RBT although the MICs of KRM were distributed over a much lower range than were those of the other two drugs. KRM and RMP at concentrations of 1 to 10 micrograms/ml almost completely inhibited the bacterial growth of RMP-sensitive strains (H37Rv, Kurono, and Fujii) of M. tuberculosis phagocytosed in macrophage-derived J774.1 cells. KRM was more active than RMP in inhibiting the growth of the RMP-resistant (MIC = 8 micrograms/ml) Kurata strain but failed to show such an effect against the RMP-resistant (MIC >128 micrograms/ml) Watanabe stain. When KRM was given to M. tuberculosis-infected mice at dosages of 5 to 20 mg/kg of body weight by gavage, one daily six times per week from day 1 after infection, it was much more efficacious than RMP against infections induced in mice by the RMP-sensitive Kurono strain, as measured by a reduction of rates of mortality, a reduction of the frequency and extent of gross lung lesions, histopathological changes in lung tissues, and a decrease in the bacterial loads in the lungs and spleens of infected mice. KRM also displayed significant therapeutic efficacy against infection induced by the RMP-resistant Kurata strain, while neither KRM nor RMP was efficacious against infection by the RMP-resistant Watanabe strain. In the case of infection with the Kurono strain, the efficacy of the drugs in prolonging the time of survival was in the order KRM, RBT, RMP. KRM was much more efficacious than RMP, when given at 1- to 4-week intervals. These findings suggest that KRM may be useful for the clinical treatment of tuberculosis contracted through RMP-sensitive strains, even when it is administered at long intervals.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Opaque eyes developed in transgenic mice with T-cell receptor delta gene.

PURPOSE: During the generation of transgenic mice (TGs) introduced with mouse T-cell receptor delta (TCR delta) gene, the authors found a TG line with corneal opacity that coincided with the presence of the transgene. The authors investigated the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of this corneal opacity in this line. METHODS: The pathologic features and pathogenesis of the corneal opacity in TGs were examined histologically using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, as well as light microscopy. DNA and RNA blot analyses were performed to examine the copy number and the expression of the transgenes, respectively. RESULTS: Histologically, edema of the corneal epithelium and adhesion of the iris to the cornea were observed in adult TGs. In the developmental analysis, the authors first observed relative hypoplasia of the ciliary body on day 18 of gestation and dysgenesis of the anterior chamber angle from postnatal day 2. Corneal opacity was observed from postnatal day 8, coinciding with the histologic vesicular change of the epithelium. No inflammation was observed through its life. In the sublines that have different copy numbers of the transgene, the occurrence of the opacity depended on the copy number of the transgene. Expression of the transgene in the thymus was consistent with the number of the introduced transgene. CONCLUSION: In a TCR delta TG line, the overexpression of transgenes coincided with abnormal development of the ocular anterior segment and the corneal opacity. Pathogenesis is described, and possible molecular mechanisms are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Hair fibrous protein compositions in some hereditary hair abnormalities determined by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

S-carboxymethylated (SCM) fibrous proteins (FPs) from the scalp hairs of the three different hereditary hair abnormalities (trichorrhexis invaginata in Netherton's syndrome, pili trianguli et canaliculi in uncombable hair syndrome, and fine hair in anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia) were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparison of the SCM FP compositions of the three hair abnormalities with that of the normal revealed that the SCM FP compositions of these three abnormal hairs were all electrophoretically different from each other and that of the normal.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Tinea corporis due to Trichophyton verrucosum: report of a patient from the San'in District.

A 70-year-old Japanese housewife, a resident of Shimane Prefecture, developed an erythematous, annular skin lesion on her right forearm. Mycological examinations revealed that it was tinea corporis caused by Trichophyton verrucosum (T. verrucosum). This fungus was then shown to have been transmitted to her from young dairy cattle introduced from the Hokkaido District to the ranch of her son. To the best of our knowledge, she is the first reported patient with tinea due to T. verrucosum who was infected in the San'in District.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Vortex-mixing-induced inactivation of arginine-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and re-activation of the less-active form by dithiothreitol plus NaCl under anaerobic conditions.

We observed dilution/vortex-mixing-induced inactivation of arginine-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase purified from chicken peripheral polymorphonuclear granulocytes (heterophils) and re-activation of the less active form by dithiothreitol plus NaCl, under anaerobic conditions. The vortex-mixing-induced inactivation of the diluted enzyme was rapid; more than 85% of the enzyme activity was lost with 1-min vortex-mixing at room temperature. When the less-active form of the enzyme was treated with 10 mM dithiothreitol plus 0.2 M NaCl, under anaerobic conditions, more than 50% of the enzyme activity was restored. Putative mechanisms of the vortex-mixing-induced inactivation and dithiothreitol/NaCl-dependent re-activation of the arginine-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase are discussed.

ADP Ribose Transferases↗
PubMed1994

Assessment of production of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) by cultured human vascular endothelial cells based on its anti-aggregatory effect on human platelets.

In order to establish an experimental system to assess the production of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) by cultured human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), the effect of endothelial cells on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation was examined. Cultured HUVECs were harvested from umbilical veins by collagenase treatment. The platelet aggregation experiments were performed using cuvettes lined with HUVECs. The cuvettes were prepared by seeding HUVECs in gelatin-coated cuvettes at a cell density of 2 x 10(5) cells/ml and culturing for 48 hours. Thrombin-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited in the presence of HUVECs. This HUVEC-dependent anti-platelet aggregatory effect was enhanced by the addition of bradykinin, which stimulates the production of EDRF, and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation was completely inhibited. Indomethacin reduced the HUVEC-dependent anti-platelet aggregatory effect. These findings suggest that this simple, new experimental system is useful in assessing the production of EDRF by HUVECs and in examining the effects of various chemicals (or agents) on EDRF production.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1993

Spectrophotometric study of alpha-adrenoceptors affecting microcirculation of rat skin.

1. To determine the alpha-adrenergic receptor subtypes that affect the microcirculation of skin, the relative absorption (RA) spectra of the skin on the backs of rats were measured using reflectance spectrophotometric methods. We injected alpha-adrenergic agonists, noradrenaline (NA), phenylephrine (PE) and clonidine (CL), intravenously and determined changes in the RA value at 569 nm, one of the isosbestic points of the oxyhaemoglobin and deoxyhaemoglobin absorption. 2. NA reduced the RA value and the reduction was inhibited significantly by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine (PBZ; P < 0.01). These findings suggested that the haemoglobin content in the skin tissue decreased as a result of vasoconstriction through alpha-adrenoceptors. 3. NA, PE and CL produced dose-dependent reductions in RA. CL and NA produced virtually equipotent reductions except at the highest dose used. PE produced smaller effects. The potency of these drugs in terms of changes in RA did not correlate with their potency in terms of rises in systemic blood pressure (NA > PE > or = CL). 4. Yohimbine (YO) inhibited the NA-induced reduction in RA to a greater degree than bunazosin (BU). Midaglizole, a specific alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist, significantly and dose dependently inhibited the NA-induced reduction in RA. 5. Although BU inhibited NA-induced reduction in RA only slightly, the effect was significant (P < 0.05). BU significantly inhibited PE-induced reduction (P < 0.01), but did not inhibit CL-induced reduction. 6. These observations suggest that the microcirculation of the skin of the rat is affected mainly by alpha 2-adrenoceptor mediated vasoconstriction. However, alpha 1-adrenoceptor mediated vasoconstriction also has some effect.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1992

Real-time measurement of microcirculation of skin by reflectance spectrophotometry.

A reflectance spectrophotometric measurement was developed to analyze the microcirculation of the skin in real time. The relative absorption (RA) spectra were obtained from skin tissue 10 times per second using a spectro-multi-channel-photodetector system. In this system, white light was projected onto the skin of the back of the anesthetized rat and the spectrum of the reflected light between 450 and 643 nm was analyzed. Two absorption peaks at wavelengths of about 540 and 577 nm were observed, corresponding to the absorption peaks in the oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) spectrum. Either phlebotomy or the i.v. injection of norepinephrine (NE) reduced the RA spectrum. Peaks of the reduction in spectrum [(RA spectrum before the treatment) - (RA spectrum after the treatment)] were observed at about 540 and 577 nm. Injection of NE (0.75-48 ng/100 g B.W., i.v.) reduced the RA value at 577 nm dose-dependently, suggesting a decrease in the skin blood flow due to vasoconstriction. In addition, the content of HbO2 and capillary permeation were measured at the same time after the i.v. injection of Evans blue (EB) dye. As indices of HbO2 content and capillary permeation, RA changes at 540 and 610 nm (the latter is an absorption peak in the EB spectrum) were measured in real time, respectively. Both RA values increased dose-dependently after the intradermal injection of histamine (0.3-100 micrograms/site), suggesting the presence of vasodilation and an increase in permeability. The time at which the RA value for HbO2 reached a maximum was shorter than that for EB. These observations suggest that the method described here can detect changes in the HbO2 content and permeation of skin microcirculation at the same time, and in real time.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Some biochemical characteristics of a partially purified extracellular keratinase from Trichophyton schoenleinii.

A Trichophyton schoenleinii (T. schoenleinii) strain from tinea favus was cultured in a liquid medium, from which an extracellular keratinase extract was obtained. The keratinase was partially purified with carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) column chromatography. Some biochemical characteristics of the keratinase were then examined. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 38,000 on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The optimal temperature was 50 degrees C, and the optimal pH value was 5.5. The keratinolytic activity was specifically increased by Fe++ and Fe .

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei--report of a case in an elderly woman.

A 71-year-old Japanese woman developed red-brown to yellow papules symmetrically on the eyelids and cheeks. The histopathology of a papule showed caseation necrosis surrounded by epitheloid cells intermingled with giant cells in the dermis. The patient was thus diagnosed as lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF). To the best of our knowledge, no LMDF patients of such an age have been described previously.

Aged↗