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Biomedical subjects

J Joubert

Publications and source records attributed to J Joubert.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Are clinical differences between black and white stroke patients caused by variations in the atherosclerotic involvement of the arterial tree?

The differences in site and degree of atherosclerotic involvement of various vascular beds and their clinical significance are emphasised in a study of 304 black stroke patients. Detailed clinical examinations, computed tomography (CT), gated blood pool studies, echocardiography and ECG were performed and autopsy studies carried out. CT of the brain showed that non-haemorrhage, i.e. ischaemic lesions, accounted for 71.2% of strokes, a similar figure to that found in white stroke patients. However, carotid bruits (0.62%) and peripheral vascular disease (0.9%) followed by transient ischaemic attacks (1.9%) were found to be uncommon. Similarly, ischaemic heart disease (6.9%) appeared to be less common than the incidence in reported white stroke patients. In 30 patients who came to autopsy, the maximum degree of atherosclerotic stenosis of the extracranial carotid arteries was 21.7% of the lumen diameter. The differences in the site and degree of atherosclerosis in blacks not only give rise to differences in the clinical features of stroke patients but may have an important bearing on their investigation, management and prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Rapid and complete resolution of giant cysticercal cysts after administration of praziquantel. A report of 4 cases.

Four patients with giant cysts, one cyst with a diameter of 55 mm, were treated with a 30-day course of praziquantel (Biltricide; Bayer-Miles) 50 mg/kg/d. One patient had corticosteroids administered simultaneously. All 4 patients had anticonvulsant cover. In all cases there was rapid and complete resolution of the cysts. In 2 patients this occurred within 30 days. The computed tomographic features of giant cysticercal cysts are: thin walled cystic lesions containing clear fluid, localised thickening of the wall (probably representing the scolex), absence of pericyst oedema, and the presence of associated smaller and more typical cysticercal larval forms. Giant cysticercal cysts resolve remarkably rapidly on medical therapy. A therapeutic trial of praziquantel can, in suspected giant cysticercal cysts, obviate the need for exploratory craniotomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Treatment of neurocysticercosis.

The clinical and laboratory data of 88 black patients with computed tomographic (CT) evidence of active neurocysticercosis were analysed. The CT appearance of neurocysticercosis was distinctive in the majority. Seizures, chronic headache and neuropsychiatric changes were the most common clinical presentations. Hydrocephalus was diagnosed in 17 patients (9 obstructive and 8 communicating) and cerebral infarction with focal neurological deficit occurred in 4 cases. All patients were treated with praziquantel (Biltricide: Bayer Miles). There was complete cyst clearance after two courses in 14 patients and in 16 cases the mean percentage reduction in cyst number was 85.88% and in cyst size 80.84%. In 1 patient there was no response to treatment. Although praziquantel was effective in parenchymal neurocysticercosis, it was ineffectual in the treatment of 5 patients with cysticercal meningitis. There were 2 deaths in the series.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The cardiovascular status of the black stroke patient.

The cardiac status of 102 consecutive black stroke patients entered to the Medunsa Stroke Databank was determined. Cardiological examination, echocardiography and a gated blood pool scan revealed structural and/or functional cardiac abnormalities in 73.6% of patients. Rheumatic heart disease was diagnosed in 15.6%, mitral valve prolapse in 5.8% and mitral annulus calcification in 4.9% of cases. 'Possible' cardiac sources of cerebral embolism were detected in 22.5% and 'definite' sources in 23.5% of patients. Hypertensive heart disease was diagnosed in 35.2% and cardiomyopathy in 13.7% of the study population. Ischaemic heart disease was present in 6.86%. Ultrasonography revealed ventricular bands in 29.4% of patients. The high incidence of structural cardiac abnormalities detected by non-invasive means is in keeping with recent studies in white stroke patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Chorea and psychiatric changes in organophosphate poisoning. A report of 2 further cases.

The acute muscarinic and nicotinic side-effects of organophosphate poisoning are well known. Less commonly encountered are neurological symptoms such as chorea and psychiatric disturbances such as psychoses and depression. Two patients with organophosphate poisoning are described, both exhibiting marked choreiform dyskinesias and one experiencing severe depression and emotional lability. Both responded well to the appropriate treatment. Because of the widespread use of organophosphate insecticides in agriculture, the neurological and psychiatric effects of chronic low-dose exposure to organophosphates in farmers and their employees deserves attention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Cluster headache in black patients. A report of 7 cases.

Cluster headache is an uncommon form of headache syndrome. It is characterised by paroxysms of severe unilateral head pain typically involving the orbit. There are often associated autonomic changes on the affected side such as lacrimation, nasal congestion and Horner's syndrome. Apart from episodic cluster headache, various subtypes such as chronic cluster headache, cluster headache variant and chronic paroxysmal hemicrania have been identified. There have been few reports of the incidence and clinical features of cluster headache in blacks; 7 black patients with various types of cluster headache are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Huntington disease in South African blacks. A report of 8 cases.

Huntington chorea is rare in ethnically pure blacks; 8 South African black patients, 6 adults and 2 children, from 4 families are described. The symptoms do not appear to differ materially from Huntington chorea in other races. Increased awareness of the disease in this population group is warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania in a South African black. A case report.

A 35-year-old black man with a 4-year continuous history of multiple paroxysms of unilateral temporal and ocular pain is reported. Multiple (that is, 15-20) attacks occurred in 24 h. There were no symptom-free periods. Mild exophthalmos, marked sweating, nasal congestion, and lacrimation were present on the affected side. There was no response to ergot preparations, steroids, or lithium but dramatic and sustained relief with indomethacin.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Automation for the evaluation of blood basophilia].

We report here the first results of our experience in evaluating the blood basophils count through the "H 6000" automatic counter. An artefact is described through which this count may falsely be increased. The value of basophil cells rates in some diseases is being discussed.

Automation↗
PubMed1985

Neurocysticercosis--a comprehensive approach to medical treatment.

The incidence of cysticercosis in South Africa may well be alarming. Cysticercosis of the central nervous system (CNS) is almost exclusively confined to the parenchyma of the brain. Before the introduction of computed tomography (CT), invasion of the CNS by the parasite could only be suspected on the basis of evidence of previous infestation. The use of praziquantel in the treatment of cysticercosis is a major step towards eradicating the disease, but to be effective treatment must take cognizance of reinfection, the allergic reaction caused by the dying parasites, and the possible need for repeated courses of treatment. The therapeutic regimen is outlined and the efficacy of the treatment as monitored by CT evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Alder's anomaly in mucopolysaccharidosis type VI. Cytological, cytochemical and ultrastructural study].

A cytological study of the blood and bone marrow of a child with mucopolysaccharidosis with Alder's anomaly was analysed at the optical and ultrastructural level. Morphological abnormalities of the blood and bone marrow leucocytes are defined; cytochemical and cytoenzymological abnormalities are indicated, allowing a differential diagnosis with "toxic granulations". The ultrastructural patterns of the storage cells are described compared to descriptions in the literature and the question of their mastocytic or macrophagic filiation is discussed.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1984

Isolation and characteristics of an equine reovirus type 3 and an antibody prevalence survey to reoviruses in horses located in New York State.

Reoviruses have been isolated from a number of species including human, bovine, feline, canine and equine. In most species they seem to produce mild to inapparent disease. We have isolated a reovirus type 3 from a foal with diarrhea. The virus designated the Ralph strain has been propagated in both the MA-104 and A-72 cell lines. The strain produced cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in these cell cultures. Tissue-cultured virus fixed complement in the presence of reovirus antibodies, but failed to do so in the presence of rotavirus antiserum. By electron microscopy the viral particle measured +/- 65 nm. The virus hemagglutinated pig erythrocytes, but not human O, human A, calf, cow, chicken or guinea pig erythrocytes. In the hemagglutination test there was complete reciprocal crossing between the Ralph strain and the NIH reovirus type 3, but there was no crossing with the NIH reovirus types 1 and 2. A limited serological survey was completed on serum samples from New York State horses collected in 1976-1977 and 1981 using the hemagglutination-inhibition test. The percentage with antibodies to reovirus types 1, 2 and 3 for 1976-1977 was 24.5, 42.2 and 3.9% and in 1981, 8.8, 9.8 and 3.9%, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Acute organophosphate poisoning presenting with choreo-athetosis.

Although it is known that extrapyramidal function is dependent upon a balance between cholinergic and dopaminergic effects, only anti-dopaminergic substances commonly induce extrapyramidal symptoms. This paper describes a patient who ingested chlorpyrifos and presented with choreo-athetosis and depressed cholinesterases. She responded to atropine therapy and made a complete recovery. Although not often described excessive cholinergic activity may also produce extrapyramidal symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Haemophilus influenzae lobar pneumonia with underlying multiple myeloma: a case report.

Haemophilus influenzae is an uncommon but important cause of lobar pneumonia, specifically in patients whose host defence mechanisms are impaired by unrecognized underlying diseases. A case of H. influenzae lobar pneumonia in a patient with underlying multiple myeloma is presented. The clinical features, treatment and procedures which aid in making the diagnosis are briefly discussed.

Aged↗