Biomedical subjects
J K Anand
Publications and source records attributed to J K Anand.
Diarrhoea, dysentery, and food poisoning.
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Proximal femoral fractures: prevalence in different racial groups.
This paper describes the methodology and the results of a study performed in Central England. The predominant racial group here is "White European" (Europid). There are smaller numbers of people of Indian origin (Indids) and still smaller numbers of Afro-Caribbean and of Mongolian ancestry (Mongoloids). We found no significant differences in the incidence of hip fractures in the first two groups. The study population was 1600 consecutive patients with proximal femoral fractures (PFF). The difficulties of racial classification are discussed. To elucidate the predisposing factors for PFF, large scale collaborative studies between medical centres in the major European, Asian, African and American conurbations are suggested. Racial burden may be one such factor; osteoporosis may be another.
Cost-benefit analysis of hip fracture treatment.
We have determined the quality-adjusted-life-years and cost of such in several types of hip fracture and various treatment options. Operative treatment proved more cost-effective than other methods for displaced subcapital fractures and for extracapsular fractures. For undisplaced subcapital fractures conservative treatment was almost as cost-effective as surgery.
Career blight following operating theatre injuries.
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A comparison of presenting characteristics of patients with intracapsular and extracapsular proximal femoral fractures.
The presenting characteristics of 1423 consecutive admissions with proximal femoral fractures were prospectively studied, to determine any differences that may exist between patients, dependent on the radiological site of the fracture. Patients with intracapsular fractures were of a lower average age, more mobile, less likely to use walking aids or live in residential accommodation, they also had a considerably shorter length of hospital stay than for those patients with extracapsular fractures. Comparison against previous series shows that the average age of hip fracture patients and the proportion of trochanteric fractures is increasing.
Incidence of neonatal hip instability: are there seasonal variations?
We wanted to establish whether the season of birth affected the incidence of neonatally diagnosable hip instability in Eastern England. Data relating the numbers of maternities to the numbers of cases of congenital displacement of the hip diagnosed in neonates were analyzed month by month over a period of 8 years. The study covered 185,744 maternities and 154 cases of displaced hips during the period 1979-1986. While there were wide fluctuations in the monthly incidence, there was a striking excess of the malformation in late winter and early spring, i.e. in January, February, March and April, and a progressive decline in the succeeding months. The cause or causes of the seasonal variation are unknown.
Disposable tuberculin tests: available and needed. A review.
The literature relating to the value of imotest and the tine test in comparison with the Mantoux test and the Heaf test is reviewed. The reports on the concordance of the results of Heaf and Mantoux tests are also considered. It is concluded that the tine test and the imotest have significant advantages in terms of safety so far as cross-infection risks are concerned. Large-scale multicentre trials to attain consensus on the interpretation of results from all four tests are suggested.
What is the true mortality of hip fractures?
A total of 709 consecutive patients admitted with a hip fracture were prospectively studied to establish the true mortality from the fracture. At one year from injury 37% of patients had died. For 63 (9%) of these patients the hip fracture was thought to have directly contributed to death, for 109 (16%) patients death was possibly related to the hip fracture and for 85 (12%) patients death was totally unrelated to the fracture. Analysis based on the cause of death and time from injury enables us to calculate the true mortality from proximal femoral fractures to be 15%. The remaining deaths are due to a variety of conditions associated with ageing.
Chronic fluorine poisoning in man: a review of literature in English (1946-1989) and indications for research.
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Blindness and partial-sight: aetiological factors and data collection systems.
271 BD 8 Forms completed by consultant ophthalmologists to enable blind and partially sighted patients to be registered by the social services department were analysed for aetiological factors. This set of data for 1982 to 1986 is tabulated and compared with historical and contemporary data for the country as a whole and some data from Strathclyde, Avon and Leicestershire. It is suggested that in order to monitor epidemiological trends in the causation of visual disability, a composite picture for England could be obtained by requiring one district in each of the fourteen English regional health authorities to collect and analyse the local data. Form BD 8 should be revised, simplified and made computer compatible.
Efficacy of measles vaccination.
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