Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J K Bahcall.
A new method of magnified intracanal visualization using a fiberoptic endoscope has been developed for use in conventional endodontic treatment. The 0.7 mm flexible fiberoptic endoscope allows the endodontist to view canal morphology and biomechanical canal preparations, and helps to identify fractures, accessory canals, and remnant pulpal tissue.
Nickel-titanium 0.04-tapered rotary files were evaluated for breakage at different rotational speeds in semicircular bovine bone simulated root canals of identical size and radius for each file size group tested. The bovine bone canals had a radius of curvature of 5 mm and a canal width equivalent to the D1 diameter of the file plus 0.04 mm. Profile instrument #3, #4, and #5 were tested at 150, 250, and 350 rpm. A contra-angle electric handpiece was mounted on an Instron machine that was set to deliver a constant downward speed of 5 mm/min. The electric handpiece and Instron machine were activated until the files broke. The amount of file tip penetration into the semicircular bovine bone canal was measured in degrees with a protractor from a radiographic image taken of the file inside the bone model. Greater degrees of tip penetration indicated greater resistance to breakage. Statistical analysis was done and the results indicated that there was a significant difference for all file sizes in the extent of file tip penetration before breakage. In the rotation range between 150 and 350 rpm the greatest extent of penetration occurred at 150 rpm. This study concluded that 0.04 taper nickel-titanium rotary file breakage is less likely to occur if the files are rotated at lower speeds.
Orascopic endodontics has helped bring visualization to what has literally been a "blind" specialty. The ease of operation and better operating ergonomics of fiber optic instrumentation has allowed the endodontist to identify and treat endodontic etiology more efficiently. The metamorphosis of understanding endodontics from an in vivo perspective is changing the way we "think" about the practice of endodontics. Prior to intracanal visualization, the cognitive process of determining when the canal was ready for obturation was merely an educated guess based on years of in vitro instrumentation research and postoperative follow-up studies.
Modern endoscopy has been in existence for > 100 yr. As the desire for increased visualization in endodontic surgery continues, there is a constant search for better instruments and techniques to meet this demand. Endoscopy provides the surgeon with outstanding vision and ease of use. This study refines the endoscopic technique for endodontic surgery.
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The advent of orascopy as a cutting edge technique has changed the way endodontists visualize as well as think about endodontics. As practitioners begin to see and understand endodontic etiology, it will enable oral physicians to provide treatment based on visual confirmation rather than radiographic estimates. In the future, conventional orascopic endodontics will be done very much like physicians provide treatment. It will be more qualitative rather than quantitative. Dentists will not need to make measurements of canals from radiographs; they will use orascopy to instrument, irrigate, and obturate while viewing the root canal system in real time. Surgical orascopic endodontics will continue to improve surgical treatment results because enhanced visualization has enabled endodontic surgeons to identify and treat endodontic etiology.
One of the most significant advancements in the field of endodontics has been the change in the endodontic file. The new files have different metallurgy, taper, cutting efficiency, and rotary capabilities. This article reviews and updates the advancements in endodontic instrumentation.
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