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Biomedical subjects

J K Bhanushali

Publications and source records attributed to J K Bhanushali.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Simple method to purify chicken immunoglobulin G.

A new method for purifying IgG was adapted for use with chicken serum. Chicken serum was mixed with caprylic acid, precipitated with ammonium sulfate, and dialyzed against PBS. Analysis by SDS-PAGE and Western blot confirmed successful purification of chicken IgG. Large quantities of highly purified IgG were easily obtainable for use in immunological investigations or for labeling. This technique is rapid, inexpensive, and simpler to perform than traditional ion exchange or gel filtration chromatography.

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed1985

Delayed development of humoral immunity in chickens following in ovo treatment with mibolerone.

In order to determine if mibolerone causes rapid development of the humoral immune system as previously hypothesized, 12-day-old chicken embryos were injected with 0.1, 1, or 10 micrograms mibolerone. Mibolerone caused bursal atrophy in a dose-dependent manner with severe atrophy at the 10 micrograms dose, substantial atrophy at the 1 microgram dose, and very little or no atrophy at the 0.1 microgram dose. Mibolerone-treated chicks were subsequently challenged with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Brucella abortus at 1, 7, 14, or 21 days of age. When serum samples were analysed for agglutinins to SRBC and B. abortus, the results indicated that treated chickens had lower agglutinin titers to both antigens at younger ages. These responses improved with age in groups treated with 0.1 microgram and 1 microgram and were comparable to controls at 5 weeks of age except for low primary and secondary (IgG specific) titers to B. abortus in birds treated with 1 microgram. Chickens treated with 10 micrograms mibolerone still had considerably lower primary responses to SRBC and lower primary as well as secondary responses to B. abortus at 4 and 5 weeks of age. These results indicate that mibolerone causes delayed rather than rapid development of the humoral immune system. In control as well as in treated chickens, agglutinin responses to SRBC appeared earlier than responses to B. abortus.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

The effects of in ovo mibolerone treatment on the bursa of Fabricius and the humoral system of chickens: a dose-response study.

The effects of various doses of mibolerone, an analog of testosterone, in the development of the bursa of Fabricius and the humoral immune system were examined by injecting 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 micrograms mibolerone into the chorio-allantoic cavity of 12-day-old chick embryos. Treatment with 0.01 or 0.1 micrograms of mibolerone caused slight or no bursal atrophy, 1 microgram caused substantial bursal atrophy, and 10 or 100 micrograms caused severe bursal atrophy at the time of hatching and at 6 weeks of age. When mibolerone-treated birds were challenged with sheep red blood cells and killed Brucella abortus at 4 and 5 weeks of age, birds treated with 10 or 100 micrograms of mibolerone had suppressed humoral responses to sheep erythrocytes and B. abortus whereas birds treated with 0.01 and 0.1 micrograms of mibolerone had normal humoral immune responses. Birds treated with 1 microgram mibolerone had normal humoral immune responses to sheep erythrocytes and B. abortus (except for low IgG responses to B. abortus) despite the fact that the birds had substantially atrophic bursae during their embryonic and post-embryonic development. These results are discussed in relation to an earlier claim that mibolerone given in microgram quantities in feed during the post-hatch period causes rapid development of the humoral immune system.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Chickens bursectomized with mibolerone have Ig-positive cells which lack bursal cell specific antigens.

The bursa anlage failed to develop in chicken embryos injected with 5 micrograms mibolerone on the 5th day of embryonation. Humoral immune responses in treated birds were studied by challenging them with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and killed Brucella abortus (B. abortus) at 4, 5, 6 and 7 weeks of age. Control birds responded with IgM and IgG titers to SRBC and B. abortus, whereas mibolerone-treated birds completely failed to respond to B. abortus and their responses to SRBC consisted of only IgM agglutinins. Mibolerone-treated birds lacked natural agglutinins to rabbit red blood cells. The total concentration of plasma IgG, measured by radial immunodiffusion, was diminished whereas the IgM level was not influenced by the mibolerone treatment. Mibolerone-treated birds lacked bursal cell specific antigens in the peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) but they still had Ig-positive fluorescing cells which were fewer in number than those of controls. Splenomegaly resulting from graft vs. host reactions induced in chick embryos by PBL from mibolerone-treated birds was similar to that in control birds, indicating normal alloreactive T cells. These results suggest that IgM responses observed in mibolerone-treated birds are produced by cells from an extrabursal site, and that mibolerone can be used effectively to chemically bursectomize chickens.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of androgens on the ontogeny of humoral immunity in chickens.

Steroids have significant influences on the immune system of birds and mammals, and the Food and Drug Administration should consider them in the regulatory review process. As discussed here, androgens have different effects depending on dose and the timing of administration. If given in sufficient amount during the critical time of bursal development, androgens may delay or permanently impair development of humoral immunity. If given after the bursa has developed, androgens apparently cause precocious migration without precocious maturation. Possibly, the cells fail to mature because of the absence of additional signals such as the immune modulating peptide hormones elaborated by reticuloepithelial cells of thymus and bursa. Even though the FDA requires that drugs for use in domesticated animals be tested in the species for which approval is being requested, chickens provide us with an inexpensive and useful experimental animal for preliminary studies of a drug's effect on the ontogeny of humoral and cellular immunity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for coccidiosis in chickens: correlation of antibody levels with prior exposure to coccidia in the laboratory and in the field.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for detecting antibody to coccidia to facilitate the survey of laboratory and field infections. Serum antibody levels in chickens were measured against soluble Eimeria tenella oocyst antigen. Sera from breeders aged 10, 23, 37, and 43 weeks were positive with uniformly high antibody titers. Broiler chick sera showed high maternal antibody titer at hatch, decreasing to an almost negligible response at 3 weeks of age. Two-week-old broiler chicks had variable responses to a single infection of E. tenella: titers were elevated at 8 to 10 days postinfection and generally increased through day 24. Weekly reinfection of 2-week-old broiler chickens produced an antibody titer in proportion to the number of oocysts per dose and stimulated protection against challenge with 2 x 10(5) E. tenella. Inbred birds raised in a pathogen-free environment for 6 weeks had no detectable antibody titers.

Aging↗