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Biomedical subjects

J K Choe

Publications and source records attributed to J K Choe.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Presence of LH in gonadotropins associated with higher IVF pregnancy rates when basal serum LH is increased.

PURPOSE: To determine if pregnancy rates following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) correlate with the presence or not of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the gonadotropins used for stimulation. Furthermore to see if the early follicular phase serum LH level affects pregnancy outcome according to the type of gonadotropins used. METHODS: The type of gonadotropins were prescribed randomly according to finances and convenience. Serum LH was obtained on day 2 or 3 of the menstrual cycle. RESULTS: When LH was > the median, significantly higher pregnancy rates were obtained in those treated with the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)/human menopausal gonadotropin combination. When LH was < or = the median, significantly more oocytes were retrieved with FSH exclusively. No confounding variables were found to explain the data. CONCLUSIONS: Considering concerns of published studies that LH may have a toxic effect on pregnancy outcome, and if LH is suppressed too low, gonadotropins with exclusive FSH may not stimulate sufficient oocytes, the results were opposite to expectations.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Pregnancy following transfer of cryopreserved-thawed embryos that had been a result of fertilization of all in vitro matured metaphase or germinal stage oocytes. case report.

PURPOSE: To see if pregnancies can be achieved after performing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of in vitro matured metaphase I or germinal vesicle stage oocytes and then cryopreserving them at the 2 pronuclear stage. METHODS: Transfer of frozen/thawed hatched day 3 embryos to two women. All embryos were a result of in vitro maturation of immature oocytes followed by ICSI. RESULTS: Both women conceived. One has delivered and one has successfully completed the first trimester. CONCLUSION: These two cases represent only the second and third reported cases of pregnancies following frozen embryo transfer where the embryos resulted from fertilizing immature oocytes by ICSI.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Pregnancy rates (prs) according to embryo cell number at time of embryo transfer (ET).

PURPOSE: To evaluate pregnancy and implantation rates following fresh and frozen embryo transfer (ET) according to blastomere number. METHODS: A retrospective study from 1/1/97 to 9/30/98 including all cycles with ETs irrespective of age. RESULTS: 65% of fresh transfers had at least one 8-cell embryo vs only 39.6% for frozen ET. The clinical pregnancy and implantation rates were higher when one 8-cell embryo was transferred (64% and 24%) vs a 5-7 cell embryo (41% and 14.5%) for fresh transfers. There was less of a difference with frozen ETs (46% and 19% for 8-cell vs 38% and 17% for 5-7 cell). CONCLUSIONS: Since mostly only 8-cell embryos at day 3 reach the blastocyst stage, these data raise questions as to whether the quest to attain the highest pregnancy rate per transfer through blastocyst transfer, may be at the expense of overall pregnancy rate (fresh and frozen) from a given oocyte harvest.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Maternal/paternal sharing of DQ-Alpha type II histocompatibility antigens not associated with pregnancy outcome following in vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer (ET).

PURPOSE: To determine if maternal/paternal sharing of DQ alpha major histocompatibility (MHC) type II antigens is associated with reduced pregnancy and implantation rates following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS: Prospective study with type II MHC DQ alpha alleles detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology using Perkin Elmer Amyli-type HLA DQ alpha PCR amplification and typing kit. The tests were only performed on patients having their first IVF cycle. RESULTS: No difference was found in clinical pregnancy rates per transfer between those couples sharing DQ alpha I alleles and those who did not (43.7% vs 40%). There were no spontaneous abortions in the group sharing DQ alpha I alleles. CONCLUSION: Maternal/paternal sharing of DQ alpha I antigens does not reduce fecundity following IVF-ET.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Cumulative pregnancy rates after four embryo transfers of either fresh or frozen embryos.

PURPOSE: To evaluate in the modern era of in vitro fertilization (IVF) cumulative probability of pregnancy for the first four embryo transfers (ET) irrespective of whether the embryos were fresh or frozen. METHODS: Retrospective review over a 2 1/2 year period. Cumulative probability of pregnancy for four consecutive cycles of either fresh or frozen ETs divided into four age groups. RESULTS: The cumulative clinical and viable pregnancy rates after four ETs were 92% and 88%; 87% and 82%; 83% and 69%; and 68% and 52% for age groups <30, 30-34, 35-39, and 40-44. The cumulative rates decline with age. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy rates per transfer for the first four ETs regardless of age are similar even in IVF centers that emphasize frozen ETs.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Marked improvement in clinical pregnancy rates following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer seen when transfer technique and catheter were changed.

PURPOSE: To compare in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome with two different embryo transfer (ET) catheters: the Frydman and Wallace catheters. METHODS: Retrospective review of outcome of IVF cycles where there was at least one embryo that had assisted hatching prior to transfer at 72 hours according to which catheter was used. RESULTS: Pregnancy rate 17.6% per transfer with Frydman (FET-SET) vs 44.2% for fresh ETs and 15.4% and 43.2% for frozen ETs. The implantation rates for fresh ETs were 7.6% vs 20.0% for fresh and 5.7 vs 21.1% for frozen ETs. CONCLUSION: The soft Wallace catheter is superior to the stiffer Frydman catheter when transferring embryos subjected to assisted embryo hatching.

Catheterization↗
PubMed2000

Prognostic significance of immunohistochemical micrometastases in node negative gastric cancer patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to examine the prognostic significance of immunohistochemical (IHC) evidence of lymph node (LN) metastases in histologic node negative gastric cancer patients. METHODS: Retrospective review from 1981 to 1998 revealed 25 patients resected for T1-4N0M0 gastric and gastroesophageal (GE) junction adenocarcinoma. All cases were reviewed and histopathologic parameters were defined for each primary tumor. All LNs underwent IHC analysis with the epithelial marker CAM 5.2. Data are reported as median (range). RESULTS: The median number of LN resected was 7 (range 1-33). The median follow-up time was 25 months (range 4-195) with an overall 5-year survival rate of 55%. For patients with IHC evidence of LN micrometastasis (n = 9), the 5-year survival rate was significantly decreased (35%) compared to a 66% 5-year survival rate for IHC negative patients (n = 16, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of IHC-detected LN micrometastases correlates with worse prognosis for patients with histologic node negative gastric cancer. IHC may be a useful additional staging modality in this subset of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Hyperreactio luteinalis despite the absence of a corpus luteum and suppressed serum follicle stimulating concentrations in a triplet pregnancy.

Hyperreactio luteinalis is characterized by moderate to marked cystic enlargement of the ovaries related to multiple theca lutein cysts and is associated with very high sex steroid concentrations. It is a rare condition especially in the first trimester. The case described below is believed to be the only case of hyperreactio luteinalis reported following frozen embryo transfer. This case provides an opportunity to gain further insight into the mechanism responsible for this unusual condition. The 30 year old woman demonstrated a slightly elevated LH/FSH ratio (5 and 3 mIU/ml respectively) and normal baseline androgen concentrations. Two years following oocyte retrieval she had a second frozen embryo transfer. The ovaries were normal size when the embryos were transferred and androgens were still normal. The ovaries did not begin to enlarge until 51 days from transfer. A dichorionic intrauterine pregnancy with monozygotic twins in the left gestational sac was seen. Eventually, 86 days from transfer, the ovaries enlarged to 145x103x116 mm right; and 83x95x117 mm left. Serum oestradiol was 30 078 pg/ml, beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) 239 920 mIU/ml, serum progesterone >160 ng/ml, total testosterone 2254 ng/dl, free testosterone 42.3 pg/ml and androstenedione 7328 ng/dl. Throughout the first trimester, serum FSH was <1 mIU/ml. Thus, neither FSH nor a corpus luteum is necessary to initiate this syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A study to determine if certain sonographic uterine parameters are associated with multiple gestation.

The objective was to determine if lower uterine artery vascular impedance is associated with a greater likelihood of multiple gestation. Color Doppler parameters of pulsatility index, resistance index, endometrial thickness and echo patterns were measured in oocyte/retrieval cycles on days of human chorionic gonadotropin injection, oocyte retrieval, and mid-luteal phase in cycles where at least 3 embryos were transferred. Comparisons of these parameters were made in patients with single versus multiple gestations. There was no association between uterine environment as measured by vascular impedance and endometrial thickness and number of embryos implanted. Thus, a more ideal uterine environment, at least as determined by these sonographic parameters, does not seem to facilitate multiple embryo implantations.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The presence of small uterine fibroids not distorting the endometrial cavity does not adversely affect conception outcome following embryo transfer in older recipients.

PURPOSE: To determine if uterine fibroids have a negative impact in older patients having embryo transfer (ET). METHODS: Comparison of clinical and viable pregnancy rates, implantation rates, and spontaneous abortion rates in older (>35) oocyte or embryo recipients with uterine leiomyomata compared to comparable patients without fibroids. RESULTS: The clinical pregnancy rate per transfer was 56% in the fibroid group vs 64% for the controls. Implantation rates were also very similar (33 vs 32%7). There were no spontaneous abortion or preterm deliveries <32 weeks in the fibroid group and the average term of pregnancies was also similar. CONCLUSION: Small fibroids not distorting the uterine cavity do not seem to negatively affect conception outcome even in older women.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation adversely affects implantation following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to determine if controlled ovarian hyperstimulation adversely affects implantation. METHODS: A retrospective comparison of pregnancy rates (PRs) and implantation rates was made between oocyte recipients versus their donors, who shared half of the retrieved oocytes, and regular patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) who were not sharing eggs. RESULTS: Higher implantation rates (39.0 vs 22.5%; P < 0.05) were found in recipients compared to donors in the stimulated cycle. However, no differences were seen in PRs or implantation rates in frozen ET cycles. The data for standard IVF patients were almost-identical to those for donors. CONCLUSIONS: Superior implantation rates and PRs in oocyte recipients versus donors were not related to better oocyte quality for recipients because of egg sharing or to a better uterine environment because of similar results with frozen ET in all three groups. An adverse effect of the hyperstimulation regimen best explains the difference.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The ultrastructure of corneal epithelium after co-cultivation with herpes simplex virus.

To elucidate the ultrastructural change of corneal epithelium co-cultured with herpes simplex virus (HSV), the corneal epithelium of 3 rabbits was excised and cultivated in culture media. After 7 days, the Kos strain of herpes simplex virus was inoculated in the cultured cornea epithelium until cytopathic effect was occurred. It was fixed in the solution of 3% glutaraldehyde and examined with electronmicroscope. In co-cultured cells, the intercellular spaces had increased and microvilli were seen prominently. The virus particles that initiated the infection by fusing the viral envelope with the plasma membrane were also seen. The nuclear degeneration in an infected cell was prominent. The nuclear membrane was folded markedly, and the chromatin was degraded, condensed and displaced toward the nuclear membrane. Numerous viral particles and inclusion bodies were present in the nuclei. These findings suggest that the infectious process of herpes simplex virus in the human corneal epithelium may occur in a similar way. This result would be helpful in understanding the pathogenesis of herpes simplex epithelial keratitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Polymer of proline analogue with sustained antifibrotic activity in lung fibrosis.

Inhibitors of collagen such as cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline (cHyp) may ameliorate bleomycin (bleo)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. An alternating polymer of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-lysine (PEG-Lys) with cHyp attached as a pendant side chain was prepared for intratracheal delivery with bioinactive trans-Hyp (tHyp) polymer as control. To test whether the cHyp polymer has prolonged lung retention and sustained antifibrotic activity, we first instilled 3H- and 14C-labeled cHyp polymer in normal rats. Lung retention was 86 +/- 9% at 6 h and 29 +/- 3% at 7 d (n = 5). Next, rats were instilled intratracheally with either saline (sal) or 1.2 U bleo, and the following treatment groups were studied: Bleo/sal; Bleo/cHyp polymer; Bleo/tHyp polymer; and Bleo/PEG-Lys + cHyp. The dose of the test agents was 150 mg/kg polymer containing 8.5 mg/kg cHyp or tHyp instilled intratracheally at 7 and 14 d after bleo. At 21 d, hydroxyproline content (mg/lung) was: Control, 1.8 +/- 0.1; Bleo/sal 4.0 +/- 0.1*; Bleo/cHyp polymer, 2.8 +/- 0.3*+; Bleo/tHyp polymer, 4.4 +/- 0.2*; and Bleo/PEG-Lys + cHyp, 4.0 +/- 0.1* (*p < 0.05 versus Control; +p < 0.05 versus Bleo/sal; n = 5/group). The cHyp polymer also reduced lung total protein content, but the decrease was not significant. The dose required to produce 50% inhibition of lung collagen was approximately 700-fold less than monomeric cHyp. Thus, the cHyp polymer is a potent, long-acting antifibrotic agent which may be useful in treating lung fibrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The predictive value of an initial serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin level for pregnancy outcome following in vitro fertilization.

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to assess the predictive value for pregnancy outcome of an initial serum quantitative beta-hCG measurement obtained 11 or 12 days after embryo transfer in an in vitro fertilization program. METHODS: A prospective, descriptive study of 153 pregnancies achieved via in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer was performed. Initial beta-hCG levels and subsequent pregnancy outcomes were compared. RESULTS: The overall mean initial beta-hCG level was 91 +/- 85.8 mIU/ml for normal (singleton, multiple-gestation) pregnancies and 29 +/- 24.9 mIU/ml for abnormal (miscarriage, ectopic) pregnancies (P < 0.01; power, > 80%). While 93.9% of patients with initial beta-hCG levels > or = 42 mIU/ml had normal pregnancies, 56.4% of those with initial levels < 42 mIU/ml experienced abnormal outcomes. With 42 mIU/ml as the cutoff level for predicting a normal pregnancy, this screening test yielded a sensitivity of 79.3% and a specificity of 83.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Initial serum beta-hCG levels obtained 11 or 12 days after embryo transfer may be predictive of pregnancy outcome in an in vitro fertilization program.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Increased numbers of Langerhans cell and expression of HLA-Dr antigen in the giant papilla of patients with giant papillary conjunctivitis.

A study of histopathologic changes, ultrastructure, and expression of the HLA-Dr antigen within the giant papillae of patients with giant papillary conjunctivitis was performed to determine whether cell-mediated immune response is related to this condition. Conjunctival giant papillae from ten patients with giant papillary conjunctivitis were examined by light and electron microscopy and by the indirect immunofluorescent staining method with HLA-Dr antibody. The infiltration of eosinophilic neutrophils and granules was most prominent, with the occasional infiltration of mast cells, as shown by light microscopy. The infiltration of activated fibroblasts and Langerhans cells was also observed. Cells expressing HLA-Dr antigen were also markedly increased, as shown by the immunofluorescent method. These findings suggest that delayed hypersensitivity may, along with the processes of antigen presentation by HLA-Dr-expressing (including Langerhans) cells, contribute to the pathogenesis of giant papillary conjunctivitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Morphological changes of the sensory retina following the occlusion of ciliary arteries in rabbits.

The whole retina, except for the medullary fiber zone in a rabbit eye, is supplied by choroidal circulation. Therefore, the histopathological changes of the sensory retina due to choroidal circulatory disturbance in rabbits may be comparable to that of the human sensory retina in the case of ophthalmic artery occlusion. This study was carried out to evaluate the histopathological changes of the ischemic retina secondary to the occlusion of choroidal circulation. The experimental occlusion of all posterior ciliary arteries and anterior ciliary arteries in the horizontal rectus muscle of rabbit eyes was performed and the subsequent histopathological changes of the sensory retina were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The morphological changes of the sensory retina following the occlusion of the ciliary arterial system are as follows: severe loss of the inner and outer segments of the photoreceptor, mild to moderate degeneration of the ganglion cells, and excellent preservation of the Müller's cell fibers and the extension of the cytoplasmic villous processes to the cytoplasmic vacuolar spaces of other degenerated cells. These findings indicate that the Müller's fibers in the ischemic condition of retina might contribute to the formation of gliosis or scarring of a damaged retina.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Ultrastructural change of the Müller cell in the culture of sensory retina.

This study was performed to investigate the sequential changes of the retinal tissue in tissue culture condition. The human sensory retinal tissues were cultured for up to 2 weeks and 4 weeks, respectively. The initial changes showed the separation of the intercellular space and the consequent widening of the intercellular space with prolapse of cytoplasmic processes into the widened intercellular space. The internal limiting membrane was also separated from the inner retina, which led to the prolapse of the cytoplasm of the Müller cell. The growth of the Müller cell was most prominent during the 4-weeks' tissue culture period. These findings suggest that the Müller cell might contribute to the formation of cellular membrane in case of the defect of the internal limiting membrane in several pathologic conditions.

Adult↗