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Biomedical subjects

J K Janken

Publications and source records attributed to J K Janken.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Changing nursing practice through research utilization: consistent support for breastfeeding mothers.

This research utilization project was designed to increase staff nurse support for four early postpartum breastfeeding practices: initiation in the delivery room, high frequency feedings, unlimited suckling time, and no supplementation. Research links these practices with lower neonatal bilirubin values and an earlier onset of lactation. An organizational approach to research utilization was taken to encourage nurses to support mothers in the desired breastfeeding practices. A before and after design was used to evaluate the extent to which the intended patient outcomes were achieved with the practice changes. The percent of infants having bilirubin tests decreased significantly. No significant differences were observed in mean bilirubin levels, incidence of hyperbilirubinemia, or lactation onset. The project promoted state-of-the-science nursing care and helped our nurses become more adept in using research to guide practice.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1997

The therapeutic value of cranberries in treating and preventing urinary tract infections.

Studies bearing on the therapeutic value of cranberries in the prevention and/or treatment of urinary tract infections are reviewed. Research results are grouped to address the following questions: 1) Does cranberry juice ingestion acidify urine? 2) Does cranberry juice inhibit the adherence of bacteria to bladder cells? 3) What research evidence exists to support that cranberry juice is an effective intervention for urinary tract infections? And 4) Does cranberry ingestion enhance antibiotic effectiveness?

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Effect of cerumen removal on the hearing ability of geriatric patients.

The purposes of this study were to estimate the prevalence of impacted cerumen in a population of hospitalized elderly patients, and to evaluate the effect of cerumen removal in reversing hearing impairment. The design was a pre-test/post-test static-group comparison. Over a 1-year period, a random sample (n = 226) was drawn every third day from daily admission lists of English-speaking patients aged 65 or older, admitted to non-intensive care units of one hospital. On either the second or third day of hospital stay, subjects were given a hearing test using an AudioScope and then their ear canals were examined for impacted cerumen. Ear canal irrigations were performed on those subjects with impacted cerumen. All subjects received a second hearing test. Results indicate that impacted cerumen is a common condition in the hospitalized elderly. Thirty-five per cent of the sample had impacted cerumen, 19.9% bilaterally and 15.0% unilaterally. Furthermore, removal of cerumen significantly improved hearing ability. Improved hearing scores were obtained in 75.0% of the ears after the impacted cerumen was removed, with subjects hearing from one to three more tones per ear on the second hearing test. An analysis of variance for repeated measures on hearing was computed to test for the effect of removing cerumen from individuals who had neither, one or both ears occluded. A significant interaction (F = 146.83, d.f. = 2/223, P less than 0.0001) between hearing tests and cerumen removal was found indicating that those with no occlusion had no change in hearing whereas both occluded groups increased with the greatest change for the bilateral group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Measuring mouth moisture: a case study in instrument development.

This paper describes the process through which an instrument for measuring mouth moisture was developed. The need to create a means of quantifying mouth moisture was realized while planning studies of oral care. Nursing texts assert that one indicator of successful oral care is "moist mucous membranes," and research on oral care typically names mouth moisture as an outcome variable. Yet the measures used in nursing research to assess mouth moisture have been characterized by imprecision, questionable reliability, and disregard for congruence between conceptual and operational definitions. The paper begins by critiquing the instruments commonly used in mouth care research to assess moisture. Next, the methodical process of building ideas to construct a new instrument is described. Finally, the trials that were conducted to arrive at the instrument's final design, estimates of reliability and validity, and a procedure for use that would preserve the integrity of the instrument are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1974

The nurse in crisis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Auditory sensory/perceptual alteration: suggested revision of defining characteristics.

This correlational study of acutely ill geriatric patients examined (1) if psychosocial dysfunctioning is associated with hearing impairment, as popularly believed; (2) the utility of using psychosocial changes as cues for making the nursing diagnosis sensory/perceptual alterations: auditory; and (3) an alternative model of defining characteristics for predicting auditory perception using variables that have been reported in the literature as being associated with hearing loss but, to date, are not part of the approved diagnostic category. A random sample (n = 226) was drawn from daily admission lists of English-speaking patients 65 years of age or older, admitted to nonintensive care units of a medical center hospital. The major defining characteristics for sensory/perceptual alterations were operationalized as seven variables: depression, cognitive function, social contact with children, social contact with other relatives, social contact with friends, subject-reported hearing ability, and subject-reported overall health status. Auditory sensory perception was operationalized as number of tones heard on audiometric examination. Findings indicate that assessing psychosocial functions does not provide nurses with helpful cues for making the auditory alteration diagnosis. Rather results suggest that nurses can make a more accurate diagnosis merely by knowing the patient's age, self-rating of hearing, and checking ear canals for impacted cerumen.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patient falls in the acute care setting: identifying risk factors.

A retrospective comparative chart audit was conducted to identify patient characteristics associated with falls in the acute care setting, to examine the extent to which the significant characteristics explained if falls occurred, and to test the ability of variables believed to be risk factors to predict falls. Patients aged 60 and older who fell during hospitalization (n = 331) were compared with a random sample of patients aged 60 and older who were hospitalized during the same time period but did not fall (n = 300). Two days of documentation were sampled: admission day and day preceding the fall for the fall group, and admission day and a random day of hospital stay for the no-fall group. Findings supported the idea that fall-prone patients can be identified and that significant differences between those who do and do not fall are evident at hospital admission. The findings also suggested an alteration in the constellation of characteristics nurses use to identify fall-prone patients. Of 11 variables representing standard risk factors, only 6 were significantly related to fall status; 5 entered the regression equation as significantly contributing to the 22% explained variance. When potential predictor variables were expanded to include additional patient characteristics, the explained variances for fall status were 31% from the admission day data and 34.5% from the fall/random day data.

Accidents↗