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Biomedical subjects

J K King

Publications and source records attributed to J K King.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Is antenatal bladder neck mobility a risk factor for postpartum stress incontinence?

OBJECTIVE: To assess the contribution of constitutional factors, as demonstrated by antenatal bladder neck mobility, in the development of postpartum urinary stress incontinence. DESIGN: A prospective investigational study. SETTING: General district hospital. POPULATION: One hundred and three primigravid women with no pre-existing urinary incontinence or neurological disorder. METHODS: Antenatal and postnatal measurement of bladder neck mobility using perineal ultrasound. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Urinary stress incontinence at 10-14 weeks postpartum. RESULTS: Women with postpartum urinary stress incontinence have significantly greater antenatal bladder neck mobility than those women continent postpartum. There were no significant differences in any labour or delivery variables, including mode of delivery, between the postpartum continent and incontinent women. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence for a constitutional risk factor (eg, defective pelvic floor connective tissue in the development of postpartum stress incontinence).

Adult↗
PubMed1996

6'-Sulfo sialyl Lex but not 6-sulfo sialyl Lex expressed on the cell surface supports L-selectin-mediated adhesion.

In order to determine if a sulfated oligosaccharide on the cell surface can function as an L-selectin ligand, a novel approach for in vitro transfer of oligosaccharides was utilized (Srivastava, G., Kaun, K. J., Hindsgaul, O., and Palcic, M. M. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 22356-22361). CHO cells were incubated with synthetic 6'-sulfo sialyl Lex, NeuNAcalpha2-->3(sulfate-6)Galbeta1-->4(Fucalpha1-->3) GlcNAc or 6-sulfo sialyl Lex, NeuNAcalpha2-->3Galbeta1-->4[(Fucalpha1-->3)sulfate--> 6GlcNAc] oligosaccharide linked to C-6 of a fucose residue in GDP-fucose and a milk fucosyltransferase. The resultant CHO cells expressing 6'-sulfo sialyl Lex or 6-sulfo sialyl Lex on their cell surface were tested for adhesion to E-selectin and L-selectin chimeric proteins coated on plates. The results indicate that 6'-sulfo sialyl Lex supports L-selectin-mediated adhesion much better than sialyl Lex similarly tagged on the cell surface. In contrast, 6-sulfo sialyl Lex containing a sulfate group on the N-acetylglucosamine residue did not support adhesion with either selectin. These combined results suggest that 6'-sulfo sialyl Lex is a much better ligand than sialyl Lex oligosaccharide for L-selectin.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Generation of DNA base modification following treatment of cultured murine keratinocytes with benzoyl peroxide.

Benzoyl peroxide (BzPO) is a free radical generating compound that acts as a tumor promoter and progressor in mouse skin. BzPO is cleaved in the presence of copper to produce benzoyloxyl and phenyl radicals. Treatment of mutation reporter plasmids with BzPO and copper yields predominantly single-strand breaks and G-->T transversion mutations. To explore the role of base modifications in the possible mammalian mutagenicity of BzPO the formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) within the DNA of cultured murine keratinocytes was investigated. Treatment with 10 microM BzPO produced a maximum 3-fold increase in levels of 8-OHdG versus vehicle controls within 1-2 h, with significant levels of 8-OHdG persisting 6 h after initial exposure to BzPO. Pretreatment with the copper chelator bathocuproine disulfonic acid reduced the levels of 8-OHdG generated by BzPO to near background. However, treatment with the iron chelator desferal did not. The stable metabolic product of BzPO benzoic acid was ineffective in producing 8-OHdG. Depletion of cellular glutathione with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine increased the amount of BzPO-generated 8-OHdG, while supplementation with glutathione monoethyl ester reduced the number of 8-OHdG molecules formed. Collectively, these results suggest that BzPO at non-cytotoxic concentrations undergoes copper-dependent activation to a reactive product to generate 8-OHdG within cultured murine keratinocytes.

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗
PubMed1993

Intracellular glutamine concentration does not decrease in all muscles during sepsis.

The concentrations of glutamine and other amino acids were measured in plasma and intracellular fluid of soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of rats 4, 8, and 16 hr after induction of sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture or after sham operation. Previous studies have shown that muscle protein breakdown is greatly increased in EDL, but not in soleus muscle, in this sepsis model. Corresponding to previous observations of protein breakdown in sepsis, muscle glutamine was markedly depleted (< 50%) in EDL by sepsis, while no significant fall in glutamine concentration in soleus was observed. Changes in muscle glutamine concentration in sepsis could not be attributed to changes in the precursor of glutamine, glutamic acid. Data were examined for changes consistent with hypothesized alterations in glutamine transport. Correlations among glutamine and other amino acids in muscle, histidine in particular, were consistent with a sepsis-induced alteration in activity of the sarcolemmal glutamine transporter, system Nm. These results thus strengthen the proposed connection between muscle glutamine content and muscle protein metabolism under catabolic conditions.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Production of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in pure and mixed cultures of Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus.

Production of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in pure and mixed cultures of Aspergillus parasiticus and aspergillus flavus were compared. Differing percentages of A. parasiticus (NRRL 2999) and A. flavus (NRRL 5520) conidia were used as inoculum and allowed to grow in static liquid culture for 10 days. The pure and mixed cultures of A. parasiticus/A. flavus were extracted and the aflatoxins partially purified. High-performance liquid chromatography was then used to determine aflatoxin concentrations. The maximal decreases of G1 and G2 production occurred when the inocula went from 0 to 12.5% or 25% A. flavus. Aflatoxins G1 and G2 comprised less than 10% of the total aflatoxins when the A. parasiticus/A. flavus inocula contained greater than 25% A. flavus. Production of aflatoxins B1 and B2 increased slightly as the percentage of A. flavus in the A. parasiticus/A. flavus mixed inoculum increased. A. flavus is apparently capable of suppressing accumulation of aflatoxins G1 and G2 by A. parasiticus when these fungi are grown in mixed culture.

Aflatoxin B1↗