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Biomedical subjects

J K Moore

Publications and source records attributed to J K Moore.

84 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Isolation of a Pseudomonas sp. Which Utilizes the Phosphonate Herbicide Glyphosate.

A strain of bacteria has been isolated which rapidly and efficiently utilizes the herbicide glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) as its sole phosphorus source in a synthetic medium. The strain (PG2982) was isolated by subculturing Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 in a synthetic broth medium containing glyphosate as the sole phosphorus source. Strain PG2982 differs from the culture of P. aeruginosa in that it is nonflagellated, does not produce pyocyanin, and has an absolute requirement for thiamine. Strain PG2982 has been tentatively identified as a Pseudomonas sp. strain by its biochemical activities and moles percent guanine plus cytosine. Measurements of glyphosate with an amino acid analyzer show that glyphosate rapidly disappears from the medium during exponential growth of strain PG2982. In batch culture at 30 degrees C, this isolate completely utilized 1.0 mM glyphosate in 96 h and yielded a cell density equal to that obtained with 1.0 mM phosphate as the phosphorus source. However, a longer lag phase and greater generation time were noted in the glyphosate-containing medium. Strain PG2982 can efficiently utilize glyphosate as an alternate phosphorus source.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

A method for estimating within-individual variability in clearance and in volume of distribution from standard bioavailability studies.

Bioavailability studies are commonly undertaken, and most, because they involve subjects taking repeated doses of a drug, contain information on intraindividual variability in pharmacokinetics. However, because in such studies bioavailability itself is unknown, it is difficult to resolve which pharmacokinetic parameters vary within individuals. A mathematical model is presented which permits estimation of variability in clearance and in volume of distribution. When applied to pooled data arising from five theophylline bioavailability studies, this model has given statistical evidence that clearance of theophylline is inherently more variable within individuals (coefficient of variation, 13%) than volume of distribution (8%). As a result, use of the measurement AUC-beta rather than AUC as a more precise index of bioavailability is justified in studies where beta is measured with reasonable precision. The model could be applied to estimation of within-batch within-person variability in bioavailability.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1980

The primate cochlear nuclei: loss of lamination as a phylogenetic process.

In primates from prosimians to hominoids (lorisoid prosimians, marmoset and ceboid monkeys, cercopithecoid monkeys, and gibbon), there are differences in the location, depth, and extent of the granular layer of the cochlear nuclei. In the prosimians, the deep granular layer of the DCN is similar to that of other mammals, but there is, in addition, a superficial or subependymal layer of granule cells in the DCN. In ceboid and cercopithecoid monkeys, only a superficial or external granular layer is present in the DCN, and the granular layer over the VCN is much reduced. In the gibbon, there is no granular layer in either of the cochlear muclei. In conjunction with the progressive reduction of the cochlear granular layer in primates, fusiform cells lose their position as a radially oriented peripheral cell layer in the DCN and become located in the central region of the nucleus. These changes in primates are interpreted as resulting from failure of inward migration and increasing cell death in the ontogeny of the cochlear external granular layer, with concomitant changes occurring in the position and orientation of their target neurons, the fusiform cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The cochlear nuclei in man.

The human cochlear nuclei are composed of a ventral and a dorsal nucleus which are similar, though not identical, in their cytoarchitecture to those of other mammals. The ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) consists of a rostral area of spherical cells, a central area of multipolar and globular cells, a posterior area of octopus cells, and laterodorsal cap of small neurons. The interareal boundaries are less distinct in man than in the cat. The central region of multipolar cells and the cap area of small cells constitute the bulk of the human VCN. The spherical, globular, and octopus cells appear relatively less numerous in man than in other mammals. The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) in man is relatively large, but lacks the typical stratification seen in other mammals, with only vestiges of the granular and molecular layers remaining. Virtually the entire DCN consists of an area of cochlear fiber neuropil containing pyramidal cells, small neurons, and occasional giant cells. The pyramidal cells have lost their typical radial orientation and lie scattered within the cochlear neuropil. Thus the entire human DCN may be equivalent to layers 2 and 3 of this nucleus in other mammals. In spite of the relatively large DCN, the acoustic striae appear small. This is in contrast to the large trapezoid body leaving the VCN. Intrinsic and descending fiber pathways to the cochlear nuclei are not clearly defined and may be less prominent in man than in the cat.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1979

The performance of delta check methods.

The percentage of mislabeled specimens detected (true-positive rate) and the percentage of correctly labeled specimens misidentified (false-positive rate) were computed for three previously proposed delta check methods and two linear discriminant functions. The true-positive rate was computed from a set of pairs of specimens, each having one member replaced by a member from another pair chosen at random. The relationship between true-positive and false-positive rates was similar among the delta check methods tested, indicating equal performance for all of them over the range of false-positive rate of interest. At a practical false-positive operating rate of about 5%, delta check methods detect only about 50% of mislabeled specimens; even if the actual mislabeling rate is moderate (e.g., 1%), only abot 10% of specimens flagged a by a delta check will actually have been mislabeled.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1976

Blood lead concentrations of children and dogs from 83 Illinois families.

In comparison of blood lead concentrations (BLC) of 119 children and 94 dogs from 83 low-income suburban Illinois families, the mean BLC in the children was 8.9 mug/100 ml greater than that in the dogs. Demonstration of a BLC of diagnostic significance in a family dog increased the probability sixfold of finding a child in the same family with a BLC similarly increased. A history of pica in a family dog also increased the likelihood of finding pica in the family's children. It was concluded that family dogs may be useful sentinels of lead poisoning in children, and that veterinarians seeing dogs in clinical situations may have public health responsibilities with regard to lead poisoning.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Blood lead concentrations in three groups of dogs from a suburban Illinois community.

Of 89 clinically normal dogs that were regular patients of a suburban Illinois veterinary hospital, all had blood-lead concentrations (BLC) within the range cited as normal in the literature. In contrast, 22% of 50 dogs from city pound and 15.3% of 98 dogs owned by low-income families of the community had BLC in excess of the normal limits. Additionally, 8% of dogs from the city pound and 4.1% of dogs from low-income families had BLC that are reported to the reliably associated with clinical lead poisoning. Socioeconomic characcteristics of the dog-owning family were more reliably associated with abnormally high BLC than were either history or clinical signs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The human olivocochlear system: organization and development.

The goals of the present study were to identify olivocochlear neurons in the human brainstem, to establish the time course of their early development and to compare the organization of the human olivocochlear system to that of other mammals. To accomplish these goals, we used immunohistochemistry for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in postmortem brainstems of human subjects ranging in age from 16 fetal weeks to 17 years. By immunostaining, we identified two classes of cells in the superior olivary complex: both classes were seen to be present from the twenty-first fetal week to the seventeenth year. Neurons which are immunostained only for ChAT are located primarily in the dorsomedial, ventral and ventrolateral sectors of the periolivary region. These neurons are predominantly bipolar or multipolar cells, and are probably homologous to medial olivocochlear neurons in other species. A second population of cells is immunoreactive for both ChAT and CGRP. This population includes a cluster of mostly small oval neurons, located on the dorsal edge of the olivary complex, and a variable number of cells found along the margin of the lateral olivary nucleus. These ChAT- and CGRP-immunoreactive cells are likely to be homologous to the lateral olivocochlear system in other mammals. With increasing age, the dorsal cluster of small cells shifts from its original cap-like position over the lateral olivary nucleus to become an extended column of cells lying among the fibers of the olivocochlear bundle.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A five-generation family with late-onset progressive hereditary hearing impairment due to cochleosaccular degeneration.

Cochleosaccular dysplasia or degeneration (Scheibe degeneration) is considered the most common cause of profound congenital hearing impairment, and accounts for approximately 70% of cases 2 with hereditary deafness. A five-generation family with hereditary hearing impairment associated with cochleosaccular degeneration has recently been identified. The diagnosis of classical Scheibe degeneration was based on histopathological findings in the temporal bones of the proband, a 61-year-old profoundly deaf male. Auditory structures in the brainstem of the proband were also studied. Twenty-two members of the family were contacted for surveys and blood samples. Of these, 6 males and 2 females have hearing impairment. Complete audiological evaluation was done on 12 family members, and prior audiologic records of the proband and affected family members were available for study. Affected family members suffer a mild bilateral high-frequency hearing loss during childhood and adolescence, and progress to moderate-to-profound deafness in the second and third decades of life. The family is suitable for linkage analysis and does not map to previously reported loci harboring autosomal dominant, nonsyndromic hereditary hearing impairment genes. The genetic study of this family will be helpful in identifying the genes which, when mutated, result in Scheibe degeneration.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗